句子原文

No No.2 I.1 1. When an oppressed group revolts against a society, one must look for the underlying forces that led to the group's alienation from that society. 2. Every novel invites us to enter a world that is initially strange; our gradual and selective orientation to its manners resembles infants' adjustment to their environment. 3. Superficial differences between the special problems and techniques of the physical sciences and those of the biological sciences are sometimes cited as evidence for the autonomy of biology and for the claim that the methods of physics are therefore not adequate to biological inquiry. 4. As the creation of new knowledge through science has become institutionalized resistance to innovation has become less aggressive taking the form of inertia rather than direct attack. 5. Lizzie was a brave woman who could dare to incur a great danger for an adequate object. 6. Rousseau's short discourse, a work that was generally consistent with the cautious, unadorned prose of the day, deviated from that prose style in its unrestrained discussion of the physical sciences. 7. Certainly Murray's preoccupation with the task of editing the Oxford English Dictionary begot a kind of monomania, but it must be regarded as a beneficent or at least an innocuous one. No.2 I.2 1. Although there are weeks of negotiations ahead, and perhaps setbacks and new surprises, leaders of both parties are optimistic that their differences can be resolved. 2. The losing animal in a struggle saves itself from destruction by an act of submission, an act usually recognized and accepted by the winner. 3. He never demonstrated the wisdom I had claimed for him, and my friends quickly dismissed my estimate of his ability as hyperbole. 4. It would seem that absolute qualities in art elude us, that we cannot escape viewing works of art in a context of time and circumstance. 5. This new government is faced not only with managing its economy but also with implementing new rural development programs to stem the flow of farm workers to the city. 6. An analysis of the ideas in the novel compels an analysis of the form of the work, particularly when form and content are as integrated as they are in The House of the Seven Gables. 7. The blueprints for the new automobile were striking at first glance. But the designer had been basically too conservative to flout previous standards of beauty. No.2 II.1 1. Because its average annual rainfall is only about four inches, one of the major tasks faced by the country has been to find supplementary sources of water. 2. Both television commercials and programs present unrealistic view of the material world, one which promotes a standard of living that most of us can probably not attain. 3. Although it is unusual to denounce museum-goers for not painting, it is quite common, even for those. who are unenthusiastic about sports, to criticize spectators for athletic inactivity. 4. Because the order in which the parts of speech appear in the sentences of a given language is decided merely by custom, it is unjustifiable to maintain that every departure from that order constitutes a violation of a natural law. 5. Most people are shameless voyeurs where the very rich are concerned, insatiably curious about how they get their money and how they spend it. 6. Some biologists argue that each specifically human trait must have arisen gradually and erratically, and that it is therefore difficult to isolate definite milestones in the evolution of the species. 7. Ultimately, the book's credibility is strained; the slender, though far from nonexistent, web of evidence presented on one salient point is expected to support a vast superstructure of implications. No.2 II.2 1. Unlike a judge, who must act alone, a jury discusses a case and then reaches its decision as a group, thus minimizing the effect of individual bias. 2. One reason why pertinent fossils are uncommon is that crucial stages of evolution occurred in the tropics where it is difficult to explore for fossils, and so their discovery has lagged. 3. The harmonious accommodation reached by the warring factions exemplifies the axiom that compromise is possible among people of goodwill, even when they have previously held quite antagonistic perspectives. 4. The prime minister tried to act but the plans were frustrated by her cabinet. 5. Amid the collapsing or out-of-control mechanical devices, the belching volcano had a disturbingly anomalous quality, like a character who has stumbled onstage by mistake. 6. It is an error to regard the imagination as a mainly revolutionary force; if it destroys and alters, it also fuses hitherto isolated beliefs, insights, and mental habits into strongly unified systems. 7. The semantic opacity of ancient documents is not unique; even in our own time, many documents are difficult to decipher. No.2 III.1 1. The political success of any government depends on its ability to implement both foreign and domestic policies. 2. Although Ms. Brown found some of her duties to be menial, her supervision of forty workers was a considerable responsibility. 3. Since the process of atherosclerosis cannot be reversed in humans, the best treatment known at this time is prevention of the disease. 4. Postmodern architecture is not concerned with the easy goal of returning to the past but with the more subtle and difficult aim of integrating historical forms into a new and complex whole. 5. In pollen dating, geologic happenings are dated in terms of each other, and one can get just so far by matching independent sequences; but in radiocarbon dating the scale of time is measured in absolute terms of centuries or years. 6. Many welfare reformers would substitute a single, federally financed income support system for the existing welter of overlapping programs. 7. Because the report contained much more information than the reviewers needed to see, the author was asked to submit a compendium instead. No.2 III.2 1. Her lecture gave a sense of how empty the universe is, in spite of the enormous number of stars within it. 2. The wilderness is valuable in that it permits people to face an important reality - one that demands much of them as thinking, reacting, working individuals, not merely as human machines. 3. Ambrose Blerce's biographers agree that the Civil War was the central experience of his life, the event to which he constantly returned and the ordeal that brought some coherence to the hitherto random pattern of his youth. 4. The constitutional guarantee of free speech may have been aimed at protecting native speakers of English from censorship, but it is not a great extension to interpret it as protecting the right to express oneself in any natural language or dialect. 5. Although Darwinism was a profoundly repressive world view, it was essentially passive, since it prescribed no steps to be taken, no victories over nature to be celebrated, no program of triumphs to be successively gained. 6. Personnel experts say that attractive benefits alone will not always keep ambitious executives from changing jobs for better long-range opportunities, but they think the enticements may deter many executives from accepting routine offers from other companies. 7. The concept of timelessness is paradoxical from the start, for adult consciousness is permeated by the awareness of duration. No.3 I.2 1. It is true that the seeds of some plants have germinated after two hundred years of dormancy, but reports that viable seeds have been found in ancient tombs such as the pyramids are entirely unfounded. 2. Even though many persons in the audience jeered the star throughout the play, she appeared for curtain calls. 3. The most technologically advanced societies have been responsible for the greatest atrocities; indeed, savagery seems to be in direct proportion to development. 4. The combination of elegance and earthiness in Edmund's speech can be starting, especially when he slyly slips in some juicy vulgarity amid the mellifluous circumlocutions of a gentleman of the old school. 5. For many young people during the Roaring Twenties, a disgust with the excesses of American culture combined with a wanderlust to provoke an exodus abroad. 6. Every new theory not only must accommodate the valid predictions of the old theory, but must also explain why those predictions succeeded within the range of that old theory. 7. Human reaction to the realm of thought is often as strong as that to sensible presences; our higher moral life is based on the fact that material sensations actually present may have a weaker influence on our action than do ideas of remote facts. No.3 I.5 1. Even though six players had been injured, the coach announced to the assembled reporters that the team would win the championship. 2. Although Jungius detected Galileo's error in thinking that the curve assumed by a chain hanging freely between two supports was a parabola, he did not discover what the true form might be. 3. Perhaps predictably, since an ability to communicate effectively is an important trait of any great leader, it has been the exceptional Presidents who have delivered the most notable inaugural addresses. 4. Her remarkable speed, which first became apparent when she repeatedly defeated the older children at school, eventually earned for her some tangible rewards, including a full athletic scholarship and several first-place trophies. 5. An example of an illegitimate method of argument is to lump dissimilar cases together deliberately under the pretense that the same principles apply to each. 6. The paradox of her career was her achievement of her greatest intellectual authority at the very moment when she was bereft of a compelling subject. 7. Although ordinarily skeptical about the purity of Robinson's motives, in this instance Jenkins did not consider Robinson's generosity to be alloyed with consideration of personal gain. No.3 II.1 1. There are simply no incentives for buying stock in certain industries since rapidly changing environmental restrictions will make a profitable return on any investment very unlikely. 2. He was widely regarded as a cynical man because he revealed daily his distrust of human nature and human motives. 3. Suspicious of too powerful a President, Americans nonetheless are uneasy when a President does not act decisively. 4. For those Puritans who believed that secular obligations were imposed by divine will, the correct course of action was not withdrawal from the world but conscientious discharge of the duties of business. 5. Many philosophers agree that the verbal aggression of profanity in certain radical newspapers is not trivial or childish, but an assault on decorum essential to the revolutionaries purpose. 6. Plants store a hoard of water in their leaves, stems, or understock to provide themselves with a form of insurance that will carry them through the inevitable drought they must suffer in the wild. 7. Although eclectic in her own responses to the plays she reviewed, the theatre critic was, paradoxically, suspicious of those who would deny that a reviewer must have a single method of interpretation. No.3 II.4 1. Faraday does not endorse any particular theory; she believes that each theory increases our understanding of some dreams but that no single theory can explain them all. 2. Although his outnumbered troops fought bravely, the general felt he had no choice but to acknowledge defeat and order a retreat. 3. Despite some allowances for occupational mobility, the normal expectation of seventeenth-century English society was that the child's vocation would develop along familial lines; divergence from the career of one's parents was therefore limited. 4. The little-known but rapidly expanding use of computers in mapmaking is technologically similar to the more publicized uses in designing everything from bolts to satellites. 5. The impact of a recently published collection of essays, written during and about the last presidential campaign, is lessened by its timing; it comes too late to affect us with its immediacy and too soon for us to read it out of historical curiosity. 6. It would be misleading to use a published play to generalize about fifteenth-century drama: the very fact of publication should serve as a warning of the play's unrepresentative character. 7. The Neoplatonists' conception of a deity, in which perfection was measured by abundant fecundity, was contradicted by that of the Aristotelians, in which perfection was displayed in the economy of creation. No.3 III.1 1. Stress is experienced when an individual feels that the demands of the environment exceed that individual's resources for handling them. 2. To compensate for the substantial decline in the availability of fossil fuels in future years, we will have to provide at least an equivalent alternative energy source. 3. Students of the Great Crash of 1929 have never understood why even the most informed observers did not recognize and heed the prior economic danger signals that in retrospect seem so apparent. 4. While admitting that the risks incurred by use of the insecticide were not inconsequential, the manufacturer's spokesperson argued that effective substitutes were simply not available. 5. Because time in India is conceived statically rather than dynamically, Indian languages emphasize nouns rather than verbs, since nouns express the more stable aspects of a thing. 6. The essence of belief is the establishment of practice-; different beliefs are distinguishable by the different modes of action to which they give rise. 7. The simplicity of the theory-its main attraction is also its undoing, for only by rejecting the assumptions of the theory is it possible to explain the most recent observations made by researchers. No.3 III.4 1. Our young people, whose keen sensitivities have not yet become calloused, have a purer and more immediate response than we do to our environment. 2. The repudiation of Puritanism in seventeenth-century England expressed itself not only in retaliatory laws to restrict Puritans, but also in a general attitude of contempt for Puritans. 3. It is a great advantage to be able to transfer useful genes with as little extra gene material as possible, because the donor's genome may contain, in addition to desirable genes, many genes with deleterious effects. 4. Because it has no distinct and recognizable typographical form and few recurring narrative conventions, the novel is. of all literary genres, the least susceptible to definition. 5. The brittle fronds of the Boston fern break easily and become brown, so that the overall appearance of the plant is ruined unless the broken fronds are cut off. 6. There is no necessary intrinsic connection between a word and the thing it refers to; the relationship is purely conventional. 7. That the Third Battalion's fifty-percent casualty rate transformed its assault on Hill 306 from a brilliant stratagem into a debacle does not gainsay eyewitness reports of its commander's extraordinary cleverness in deploying his forces. No.4 I.2 1. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe in that it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced. 2. Few of us take the pains to study our cherished convictions; indeed, we almost have a natural repugnance to doing so. 3. It is his dubious distinction to have proved what nobody would think of denying, that Romero at the age of sixty-four writes with all the characteristics of maturity. 4. The primary criterion for judging a school is its recent performance: critics are reluctant to extend credit for earlier victories. 5. Number theory is rich in problems of an especially vexing sort: they are tantalizingly simple to state but notoriously difficult to solve. 6. In failing to see that the justice's pronouncement merely qualified previous decisions rather than actually establishing a precedent, the novice law clerk overemphasized the scope of the justice's judgment. 7. When theories formerly considered to be disinterested in their scientific objectivity are found instead to reflect a consistent observational and evaluative bias, then the presumed neutrality of science gives way to the recognition that categories of knowledge are human. No.4 I.5 1. Although the minuet appeared simple, its intricate steps had to be studied very carefully before they could be gracefully executed in public. 2. The results of the experiments performed by Elizabeth Hazen and Rachel Brown were provocative not only because these results challenged old assumptions but also because they called the prevailing methodology into question. 3. Despite the skepticism of many of their colleagues, some scholars have begun to emphasize "pop culture" as a key for deciphering the myths, hopes, and fears of contemporary society. 4. In the seventeenth century, direct flouting of a generally accepted system of values was regarded as irrational, even as a sign of madness. 5. Queen Elizabeth I has quite correctly been called a friend of the arts, because many young artists received her patronage. 6. Because outlaws were denied protection under medieval law, anyone could raise a hand against them with legal impunity. 7. Rather than enhancing a country's security, the successful development of nuclear weapons could serve at first to increase that country's vulnerability. No.4 II.1 1. Physicists rejected the innovative experimental technique because although it resolved some problems, it also produced new complications. 2. During a period of protracted illness, the sick can become infirm losing both the strength to work and many of the specific skills they once possessed. 3. The pressure of populating on available resources is the key to understanding history; consequently, any historical writing that takes no cognizance of demographic facts is intrinsically flawed. 4. It is puzzling to observe that Jone's novel has recently been criticized for its lack of structure, since commentators have traditionally argued that its most obvious flaw is its relentlessly rigid, indeed schematic, framework. 5. It comes as no surprise that societies have codes of behavior; the character of the codes, on the other hand, can often be unexpected. 6. The characterization of historical analysis as a form of fiction is not likely to be received sympathetically by either historians or literary critics, who agree that history and fiction deal with distinct orders of experience. 7. For some time now, disinterestedness has been presumed not to exist: the cynical conviction that everybody has an angle is considered wisdom. No.4 II.4 1. The emergence of mass literacy coincided with the first industrial revolution; in turn, the new expansion in literacy, as well as cheaper printing, helped to nurture the rise of popular literature. 2. Although ancient tools were rarely preserved, enough have survived to allow us to demonstrate an occasionally interrupted but generally continual progress through prehistory. 3. In part of the Arctic, the land grades into the landfast ice so imperceptibly that you can walk off the coast and not know you are over the hidden sea. 4. Kagan maintains that an infant's reactions to its first stressful experiences are part of a natural process of development, not harbingers of childhood unhappiness or prophetic signs of adolescent anxiety. 5. An investigation that is unguided can occasionally yield new facts, even notable ones, but typically the appearance of such facts is the result of a search in a definite direction. 6. Like many eighteenth-century scholars who lived by cultivating those in power, Winckelmann neglected to neutralize, by some propitiatory gesture of comradeship, the resentment his peers were bound to feel because of his involvement with the high and mighty. 7. In a pragmatic society that worships efficiency, it is difficult for a sensitive and idealistic person to make the kinds of hardhe