unit5 summary unit5 summary As an anti-war novel, Catch-22 is well known for its _comic__ tone as against the normal perception of a war novel which tends to be serious, sentimental and involve ___bloodshed. Its main character is Yossarian. Unlike the war heroes who would die for their home country, Yossarian aims to __survive__ the war and go back home. To achieve this goal, he has to pretend to be insane__. If he were crazy, he could be_grounded. So he had to ask Doc Daneeka first. But once he asked Doc Daneeka, it meant he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more ___missions__. Normally, he was sane if he didn’t fly more missions while he would be crazy if he flew more missions. Anyway, he would be plunged into a tricky __situation_ – a Catch-22 situation. unit7 summary On a cold, windy morning, I was __hanging up__ the laundry in the backyard, while Hogahn was playing a two-foot oak branch that had fallen into his __loving possession__. Focused on __capturing__the sheet which was trying to __sail off__ over the pond to join the sky so that it _draped evenly_ over the line, I __distractedly_ picked up the stick and _tossed__ it down the hill toward the fence that separated the yard from the water. But the stick _went further_ than I expected and fell into the pond. So did Hogahn, who raced to catch the stick. I was __penetratingly aware of__ the dangers of drowning in the icy pond, but I still walked into it to save the dog. After I carried him out of the water and _rubbed_ him with a towel, Hogahn went over and examined my wet clothes on the floor. He was pleased that we had shared ___a dramatic experience_together. unit8summary In the book Painting as a __Pastime______ , Churchill argues, very successfully, that every thinking person should have two or three life long __hobbies____. He has a strong opinion that when the human mind is focused on the hobby, then the parts of the mind that run the person’s enterprise can actually be under_recuperation__ and repair. Churchill contends that, to a public man, the __cultivation__ of a hobby is a __policy__ of first importance. He suggests that hobbies must be things people enjoy doing in their spare time, and people need a hobby that is _different from their work. unit9summary In the old days student life at university was __easy__. Students didn’t have to work too hard. They usually managed to keep up with the work by __dashing off__the week’s essay at the last minute. But today, with __no shortage_ of graduates, competition is _tough__, and students are spending more time preparing for _dreaded final exams_,or doing _low-paid_ part-time jobs to _pay off debts_. But that’s the problem that they lack the basic skills to_get ahead in the global market__. One solution is believed to __include social skills in degree courses__, for example, __working in teams_ and _contributing to the community_. This approach will help many students develop personal skills which will help _improve their prospects__in their search for a job, and gain a wealth of experience to be added to the CV, which will not _go unnoticed_ by future employers. 英译汉 Unit 5 1 It was a horrible joke, but Doc Daneeka didn’t laugh until Yossarian came to him one mission later and pleaded again, without any real expectation of success, to be grounded. Doc Daneeka snickered once and was soon immersed in problems of his own, which included Chief White Halfoat, who had been challenging him all that morning to Indian wrestle, and Yossarian, who decided right then and there to go crazy. 那是个粗鲁的玩笑，可是达尼卡大夫并没有笑，直到约萨里安又执行了一次任务之后，再次来求他要求停飞——尽管这没有任何指望。达尼卡大夫窃笑了一下，很快又沉浸到他自己的麻烦中去了，这包括怀特·哈夫特指挥官那天早上一直在向他挑战，要和他比印度式摔跤，而约萨里安则恰恰在彼时彼地决定要发疯。 2 There was only one catch and that was catch-22, which specified that a concern for one’s own safety in the face of dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind. Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions. 只有一个卡子，那就是第二十二条军规，它规定：在面对真正的、紧迫的危险时考虑到自身安全是理智的思维过程。奥尔疯了，因此可以停飞。他只须提出请求；而一旦他提出请求，他就不再是疯子，就得去执行更多的飞行任务。 3 Our many Jewish friends and acquaintances are being taken away in droves. The Gestapo is treating them very roughly and transporting them in cattle cars to Westerbork, the big camp in Drenthe to which they’re sending all the Jews ... If it’s that bad in Holland, what must it be like in those faraway and uncivilized places where the Germans are sending them? 我们的许多犹太人朋友和熟人都被成群地带走了。盖世太保对他们非常粗暴，用运牲口的拖车把他们运送到德伦特最大的集中营威斯特伯克，他们把所有犹太人都遣送到那里。……如果说在荷兰都这么糟，那么在德国人送他们去的那些遥远的蛮荒之地又会是什么样呢？ 4 The voice that comes across is of a solitary young girl writing for herself, yet at the same time it is the cry of all those innocent victims of evil whose fate was to suffer in the Second World War. That is why Anne Frank’s diary has achieved fame as the voice of the Holocaust in which six million Jews were murdered: She speaks for all of humanity. 它传来的是一个孤独少女的声音，她为自己写作，但同时也是所有无辜受邪恶迫害者的呐喊，他们的命运就是在第二次世界大战期间受难。这就是安妮·弗兰克的日记被誉为犹太人大屠杀（其间有六百万犹太人被杀害）之声的原因：她的话代表了全人类的心声。 Unit 7 1 I had tossed sticks for him before and knew the approximate distance they would go, depending upon their weight and my motion. This stick, however, caught a gust and, flying where the sheet wanted to go, sailed across the yard, over the fence, and, with a fine skater’s touch, glided onto the pond. 我以前也经常这样为他扔木头。根据木头的不同重量和我的动作的大小，我知道它们大概能飞多远。但这块木头赶上了一阵疾风，朝着床单想去的方向飞过了院子，越过了围栏，最后以溜冰高手般的优美动作滑进湖水里。 2 The next moment I was standing in the water and Hogahn was swimming toward me, breaking the ice with his front paws. He seemed a little startled by the intrusion of the ice in his path, but definitely in control. I went as far as I could until the pond bottom sank down under my weight and the ice water penetrated my jacket, and I stood and waited. 接下来的一瞬间我已经站在水里，霍根用前爪破冰朝我游过来。一路上冰块的侵扰似乎让他受了些惊吓，但他绝对能控制得住自己。我尽量向前趟，直到我的双脚陷进湖底的烂泥，冰冷的湖水浸透了我的夹克。我站在那儿等着。 3 It can recognize different people and make choices about what to eat or which path to take. But does this mean that an animal is capable of thinking and, if so, can it be proved? Our perceptions of animals are filtered through our own human understanding of the world and we often project human feelings and thoughts onto other creatures. 它会认人、选择食物、识别道路。但这是否意味着它们有思维能力呢？如果有的话，又如何证实呢？我们对动物的认知是经过过滤的，是建立在人类对世界的理解的基础上的，我们常常把人类的情感和思想投射到其他动物身上。 4 Many scientists in the 20th century dismissed such findings as unreliable, usually influenced by anthropomorphism, in other words, judging animals by human attributes. However, the pendulum is now swinging away from thinking of animals as machines without intelligence, and back towards Darwin’s ideas. A wide range of studies on animals suggests that the roots of intelligence are deep, widespread across the animal kingdom and highly changeable. 许多20世纪的科学家轻视这些发现，认为它们不可靠，是受了拟人说的影响，即根据人的特征来判断动物。但是，现在舆论的天平已经不再向那些认为动物像机器一样没有智慧的观点倾斜了，而是向达尔文的观点倾斜。大范围的动物研究表明：智慧之根在动物界的分布既深又广，变化多端。 Unit 8 1. As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire- for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. 那些能够支配一切、肆意妄为、染指一切追求目标的人是不幸的。对于他们而言，多一种新的乐趣、多一种新的刺激只是增加一份厌腻而已。他们到处乱跑，企图靠喧闹骚动来摆脱无聊对他们的报复，但这么做是徒劳的。 2. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But fortune’s favored children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. 他们是能够得到补偿的。在办公室或工厂里长时间工作给他们带来了报酬。这不仅是谋生的手段，也使他们对寻找快乐充满了渴望，哪怕是最简单、最朴素的快乐。但是，幸运之神偏爱的是第二种人。他们的生活是一种自然的和谐。 3. Of course, for the true coach potato, there are inherent risks. Perhaps the greatest of these results from the lack of exercise, and is referred to by professional coach potatoes as telly belly. Some, however, see their telly belly as a mark of dedication to their leisure inactivity, and wear it proudly over the top of their trousers. 当然，对于真正的沙发土豆来说，固有的危险还是有的。也许最大的危险来自于缺乏锻炼，其后果被专业沙发土豆称为电视肚。然而，有些人则是自己的电视肚为专注于闲暇无为的标志，骄傲地把它系在裤腰上。 4. In fact, leaving the computer not only seems pointless but also risks a threat by some rival mouse potato in brighter time zone across the world. For time off, they usually perform extensive Internet searches or participate in online chat rooms, leaving ill-informed and badly spelt opinions around the virtual world, and generally insulting one’s intelligence. 事实上，离开电脑不仅毫无意义，而且会是你收到世界上较亮时区的鼠标土豆对手的威胁。休息时间，他们通常广泛搜索互联网或加入在线聊天室，在虚拟世界到处留下缺乏见识和拼写拙劣的意见，一般来说也是对人家智力的侮辱。 Unit 9 1. There can be no doubt that this sort of cooperative approach can help many students develop personal skills which will help improve their prospects in their search for a job. One of the most well-known personality tests used by employers when interviewing candidates, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), put the extrovert/introvert dichotomy at the top of the list of personality traits it tries to analyze. 毫无疑问，这种合作学习法能帮助许多学生培养有助于改善就业前景的个人技能。公司在面试应聘者时使用的最有名的人格测试之一是“迈尔斯—布里格斯性格分析法”（简称MBTI），这种分类法吧外向/内向性格两分法置于它所分析的人格特征列表之首。 2. For students who choose to offer their talents in this way, one side effect is to gain a wealth of experience to be added to the CV, which will not go unnoticed by future employers. But a word of warning is in order: You should remember what your priorities are. 对那些选择在这方面施展才能的学生而言，还有个意外的收获：可以把他们获取的丰富的经验写进个人
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里，而未来的雇主是不会不注意到这些经验的。不过提醒一句：你应该记住自己的首要目的是什么。 3. We set up their annual cataract eye camp, with free cataract surgery for the local elderly or anyone that needed an eye check. We helped set up the school, cleaned it out , and turned the classroom into the surgery room. It was called the “operation theater”. The first two days were dedicated to the eyes surgery, and the rest of the week to the eye camp. 我们帮他们搭建每年一度的白内障治疗营地，为当地老年白内障患者免费做手术，或为有需求的人检查眼疾。我们帮他们改装学校，打扫环境门将教室变成外科手术室，称为“手术教室”。头两天帮忙做眼科手术，后五天在白内障营地帮忙。 4. They were a bit unorganized, which could have been improved with better communication between the local agencies and VFP. The best part was bonding with the volunteers, and the agencies did a good job in varying our tasks… We got to know the locals. Every time I think about riding through the rice fields, being invited in for tea, it makes me smile. 他们做事不太有条理，如果地方机构和志愿者组织之间能够更好的相互沟通的话，事情就会顺利一些。最好的经历是与其他志愿者建立友情，地方机构尽量给我们分配不同任务……我们开始了解当地人。每当想起汽车穿过稻田，硬要去当地人家喝茶的情景，我都会微笑。 汉译英 Unit 5 1 虽然遇到了很多困难，但在他的带领下，公司产品打开了销路，总体形势也有了好转。为了表彰他的突出贡献，公司决定奖励他一套住房。( come across; for the better; in recognition of) Though they came across many difficulties, under his leadership they successfully found a market for their products, and the overall situation was changing for the better. In recognition of his outstanding contributions, the company has decided to give a flat as an award. 2 当约翰向他挑战，要跟他比击剑的时候，他感到非常尴尬，因为他自知剑术不高，不是约翰的对手。如果他接受挑战，他肯定会输；可如果不接受呢，他就是个懦夫。(challenge … to) When John challenged him to fencing, he was very embarrassed because he knew that he was no match for John at fencing. If he took the challenge, he would surely lose; but if he didn’t, he would be a coward. 3 他昨天感冒了。我们本以为他好好睡一晚就会好起来，所以今天早上就送他去上学了。但是下午放学回家时他发起烧来，不得不卧床休息。( assume; confine to) He caught a cold yesterday. Assuming that he would get better after a good night’s sleep, we sent him to school this morning. But later in the afternoon, he got back home with a fever and was confined to bed. 4 在过去的几年里，我得了几次重病，一直在贫困状态中生活，但是我没有放弃我的梦想。无论发生什么事，我总是坚守我的梦想，而梦想对我来说也变成了极大的支持和安慰。（ abandon; in spite of; cling to) In the past few years, I have had several severe illnesses and lived in a state of poverty, but I have never abandoned my dreams. In spite of everything I clung to my dreams, which has turned out to be a great support and comfort to me. Unit 7 1 夜贼们忙着往皮卡里扔赃物，急着想尽快开车逃走。正在这时，负责看守小区的保安发现了他们，并报了警。（just about; watch over） The burglars were throwing the stolen items to the pickup and were just about to drive away when the guards watching over the living quarters found them and called the police. 2 三个士兵在密林深处艰难地行走了一整天，试图走向河的东岸，结果却发现他们只在树林里打转，离目的地仍有几十英里之遥。 ( only to find; short of) The three soldiers had walked with difficulty through the woods for a whole day, trying to navigate to the east bank of the river, only to find that they had been circling the woods and were still dozens of miles short of their destination. 3 我觉得今天早晨做动物心智
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的那位学者显然高估了动物的智慧，她甚至认为黑猩猩能够用电脑跟人进行交流。 ( go so far as to) It seems to me that the scholar who talked about animal intelligence this morning has obviously overestimated the animal intelligence. She went so far as to suggest that chimpanzees can communicate with humans through computers. 4 作为志愿者，我们不仅仅要对前来询问或寻求帮助的人微笑服务，我们还应该具备跨文化交际的技巧，否则我们就干不好这个工作。 ( be limited to) As volunteers, what we need to do is not just limited to smiling to those who comes to us for information and help. We must also learn skills for cross-cultural communication, without which our job cannot be satisfactory. Unit 8 1. 整天把自己埋在书本里是没有用的。要培养一些业余爱好，每隔一段时间参加一些体育锻炼或课外活动。劳逸结合才是健康的学习习惯。( it’s no use doing sth; take up; at intervals; extracurricular activities) It’s no use burying yourselves in books all day. You’d better take up some hobbies and take part in sports or extracurricular activities at intervals. A healthy study habit is to keep a balance between work and rest. 2. 工作选对了，不但是可以维持生计的手段，还来可以帮你摆脱无聊，是你不用担心接受了多年的高等教育之后会虚度人生。(a means of sustenance; banish sth from one’s mind) If your job is rightly chosen, it will not only give you a means of sustenance, but also help escape from the boredom and banish from you mind the worry about learning a meaningless life after so many years of higher education. 3. 手头没有事情可做时，他常常主动帮助社区做些义务劳动。很有可能是受到他的影响，社区里越来越多的人加入到了志愿者的行列。(at hand; it may well be that) When he had nothing to do at hand, he used to do volunteer to do something for his community. It may well be that under his influence more and more people in the community joined in to become volunteers. 4. 我以前看电视连续剧常常看到深夜，这太费时间，还影响我的健康和体型。为了避免诱惑，我把电视机搬出了我的屋子，开始从事别的休闲活动，比如读书、弹钢琴。(risk; take up) I used to watch TV series late into the night, which took up too much time and risked my health and shape. To avoid temptation, I removed the TV set from my room and took up other leisure activities such as reading and playing piano. Unit 9 1. 如今对中国的中学毕业生而言，上大学已经不是什么太困难的事情了，因为现在大学的数量已经是二十年前的三倍。但是，要被一流大学录取，你还是要比同龄人有更强的竞争力才行。(times…as many…) Nowadays in china, it’s no longer so hard for high school graduates to go to university, because there are three times as many universities as there were 20 years ago. But to be admitted by a first-class university, you still need to be more competitive than your peers. 2. 你花钱参加这个项目是很值的，因为你从中获取的职业技能可以改善你的就业前景，而且你所有的努力终将会得到回报。( acquire; prospects; pay off) It is worthwhile to spend money on this project, for the career skills you acquire in the process will help improve your prospects in your search for a job and all your efforts will eventually pay off. 3. 虽然通过和这些志愿者并肩工作，我可以学会怎样与他人合作，但我得叫参加费。我不得不承认为此我正在花更多的时间去兼职挣钱，这让我总觉的时间不够用。( work side by side with/alongside …;acknowledge; save up for) Though I can learn teamwork by working side by side with these volunteers, I need to pay for the participation. I have to acknowledge that I am now spending more time doing part-time jobs to save up for the project, which makes me feel a shortage of time. 4. 不同的运动在身高、年龄、力量、耐力等方面对参加者有不同的要求。因此有多少种运动就有多少种类型的运动员。想参加运动的人总能找到合适的项目。(in terms of; as many …as; no doubt) Different sports have different requirements in terms of height, age, strength and stamina/endurance. Therefore, there are as many types of athletes as there are sports. There can be no doubt that who wants to get some exercise can find the right sport. Unit 7 Active reading 1 箱货 保护关系 一层薄冰 吹落的树叶 细小的树枝 晾衣服 湖边 随风飘起 用衣服夹子夹床单 气喘嘘嘘 宝贝 平整伏贴地悬挂在晒衣绳上 以溜冰高手般的优美动作 一个漂亮的飞跃 时间凝固了 深知 在惊恐中 绝对能控制得住自己 用毛巾在某人身上揉擦 带有…的气味 Active reading 2: Resources 很有力的说明 根据事先编排好的程序做什么事情 对…作出反应 具备能力做什么事 抽象概念 把…投射到…身上 具有数字概念 关键标志 智力 有价值的生存技巧 竟然做 有一点点智慧 对…做出判断 认为…不可靠 人的特征 天平从…向…倾斜 把…归结为 令人吃惊的是 供…之用 提出了一个重大的问题 Unit 9 Active reading 1 在舞台上昂首阔步 重要人物 尽情玩耍/工作/唱歌 匆忙草就一周的文章 需要学生付出大量的时间 实践年 偿还债务 得到最好的工作 维持生计 象牙塔 聊到深夜 做一项公众服务 为…做贡献 帮助病人或老年人 在假日营里招待贫困儿童 在第三世界国家教书 做农业或环境研究项目
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