主干知识·自主排查
Ⅰ.分类记单词——快速掌握
1．阅读词汇——记一记
(1)straightforward adj. 简单的；直接的；坦率的
(2)procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续
(3)cast vt. 扔；投；掷
(4)arbitrary adj. 任意的
(5)attain vt. 获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)
(6)moral adj. 道德(上)的；伦理的
(7)conservative adj. 保守的；守旧的
(8)constitution n. 宪法；章程
(9)initial adj. 最初的；开始的
(10)vain adj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的
(11)adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱
(12)obtain vt. 获得；赢得
2．写作词汇——写一写
(1)altogether adv. 总共；完全地
(2)forbid vt. 禁止；不准
(3)compulsory adj. 必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的
(4)owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……
(5)shortly adv. 立刻；不久
(6)bother vt. 打扰vi. 操心n. 烦扰
(7)strike vi. & vt. 打；撞击；罢工n. 罢工
(8)drawback n. 缺点；不利条件
(9)resist vt. 抵抗；对抗
(10)regulation n. 规则；规章；法规
(11)breakthrough n. 突破
3．拓展词汇——背一背
(1)accumulate (vt.) & (vi.)积累；聚积→accumulation (n.)积累；增加
(2)differ (vi.)不同；相异→different (adj.)不同的；与众不同的→difference (n.)差异；不同
(3)undertake (vt.)着手；从事；承担→undertook (过去式)→undertaken (过去分词)
(4)reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的→reason n．理由，道理
(5)merely adv.仅；只；不过→mere adj.仅仅的
(6)decorate vt.装饰；布置→decoration n．装饰
(7)retire (vi.)退休；离开→retirement (n.)退休；引退
(8)assume (vt.)假定；设想→assumption (n.)假定；设想
(9)popularity (n.)受人喜爱；流行→popular (adj.)流行的；通俗的；受欢迎的
(10)object (vi.)反对；不赞成→objection (n.)不赞成；反对；异议
(11)correction n．改正；修正；纠正→correct vt.改正；纠正
Ⅱ.联想背短语——高效识记
1．pay_off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
2．object_to 反对
3．in_favour_of 赞成；支持
4．(be)_bound_to_(do)．.. 一定或注定(做)……
5．from_time_to_time 不时；偶尔
6．bring_back_to_life 使复生；使复活
7．cast down 使沮丧；使失望
8．strike...into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心
9．in vain 白费力气；枉费心机
10．in good/poor condition 状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)
11．owe... to... 把……归功于……
12．have a great impact on 对……有很大影响
Ⅲ.精彩写句式——典句背诵
1．that引导的同位语从句
Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.
【仿写】 接着传来了屠呦呦——中国的一位女科学家，获得诺贝尔奖的令人兴奋的消息。
__________________ Tu Youyou, a Chinese woman scientist, won the Nobel Prize.
答案：Then came the exciting news that
2．The advantage is that...“其优点是……”，that引导表语从句
The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.
【仿写】 骑自行车上班的优点是我们可以过一种低碳生活。
____________________ we can live a lowcarbon life.
答案：The advantage of cycling to work is that
3．do you think作插入语
What do you think is the writer's point of view in this reading passage?
【仿写】 这本书中你认为哪一部分最有趣？
__________________ is the most interesting?
答案：Which part of this book do you think
第一板块|重点单词
1．undertake (undertook; undertaken) vt.着手；从事；承担
[高考佳句]We must act as quickly as possible now. Just tell us whether you can undertake the task or not.
(2015·湖北高考完成句子)
现在我们必须尽快采取行动。你就告诉我们你能否承担这项任务吧。
undertake a task 承担任务
undertake to do sth. 同意、答应或着手做某事
undertake thatclause 保证……
①As far as I know, he has undertaken to_finish (finish) the job by Friday.
据我所知，他已答应星期五之前完成那项工作。
②The project undertaken (undertake) by the young engineer on his own turned out to be very successful.
由那位年轻工程师单独承担的项目最终获得了巨大的成功。
2．forbid (forbade/forbad，forbidden) vt.禁止，不准
[教材原句] Some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning.
有些政府开始改革他们的法律
制度
关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载
，禁止进行克隆人的研究。
(1)forbid sb. sth. 禁止某人某事
forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事
eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(forbid sb. to do sth.,forbid sb. from doing sth.))禁止某人做某事
(2)forbidden adj. 被禁止的；严禁的
①My father forbade me from meeting my friends online at the Internet café.
→My father forbade me to_meet (meet) my friends online at the Internet café.
我父亲禁止我去网吧见我的网友。
②The students were forbidden, unless they had special passes, to_leave (leave) the base.
这些学生除非有特别的通行证，否则被禁止离开基地。
[名师指津] forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sb. to do sth.形式，有类似用法的单词还有：allow, permit, advise等。
3．owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……；应感谢
[佳句诵读]Mary will take care of the baby—she owes me a favour.
玛丽会照看孩子的——她欠我一个人情。
(1)owe sb. an apology 该向某人道歉
owe sb. a favour 欠某人一个人情
owe sb. sth.＝owe sth. to sb.
欠某人某物
(2)owe... to... 把……归功于……
owe it to sb. that... 多亏某人……
(3)owing to 因为；由于
①I must say I owe all the achievements to the encouragement and help from my colleagues and friends.
我必须说我的所有成就都应归功于我的同事和朋友们的鼓励和帮助。
②Owing_to_my_lack_of_experience,_I didn't do the work well.
由于缺乏经验，我没有把工作做好。
4．object vi.反对；不赞成 n．物体；目标
[佳句诵读]If anybody objects, we'll postpone the meeting till next week.
如果有人反对，我们就把会议推迟到下周。
(1)object to sb./sth. 反对/不赞成某人/某事
object to doing sth. 反对做某事
(2)objection n. 反对；厌恶
raise an objection to sth.
对……提出异议
have an objection to doing sth.
反对做某事
①From my point of view, I object to charging(charge) for parking.
就我个人而言，我反对停车收费。
②As far as I'm concerned, I have an objection (object) to charging for parking.
就我个人而言，我反对停车收费。
写作链接——例句②的其他表达方式
①In my opinion, I object to charging for parking.
②In my view, I am opposed to charging for parking.
③From my point of view, I'm against charging for parking.
5．bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n．烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人
[教材原句]However, the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.
然而，之后她患上了严重的肺病的问题使科学家们困扰。
(1)bother sb. with/about sth. 为某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother to do sth. 特意做某事
It bothers sb. that/to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是
(2)put sb. to any bother 给某人添乱
①Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students to talk over what is_bothering (bother) them.
(2015·湖南高考单选)
有时对我的同学来说我充当了听众的角色，以便与他们详细聊一聊正在困扰他们的事情。
②In this kind of highpressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings.
在这种重压下，很多领导人频繁开会，从而让员工感到厌烦。
③I don't want to put_him_to_any_bother,_so I try doing it by myself.
我不想给他添乱，所以，我试着靠自己做这件事。
[板块集训]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He undertook ________ (finish) the work, however difficult it is.
答案：to finish
2．He is a successful businessman; he owes his success more ________ luck than to ability.
答案：to
3．Why bother ________ (go) abroad to study, when there are so many good universities at home?
答案：to go
4．The boy couldn't resist ________ (show) off his being praised by the teacher on arriving home.
答案：showing
5．I am sure the new traffic regulation will meet with a strong ________ (object) from the public.
答案：objection
6．Greatly ________ (strike) by the beauty of the language, I thought how even today Shakespeare's writing remains powerful and true.
答案：struck
Ⅱ.多维演练
1．forbid
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①I will forbid you ________ (leave) unless you apologize for what you have done.
②We should take measures to forbid ________ (return) illegal cooking oil to dinner tables.
③The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, ________ (stay) out after 11 pm.
to leave
returning
to stay
(2)句型转换
④We were forbidden from going out, so we had to stay at home aimlessly.
→__________________， we had to stay at home aimlessly.(分词作状语)
Forbidden from going out
第二板块|常考短语句式
1．pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清
[教材原句]Our determination and patience paid off with a breakthrough－we got full marks in the exam.
我们的决心和耐心取得了突破性的结果——在考试中我们得了满分。
pay for sth. 付某物的钱；为某事物付出代价
pay sb. for sth. 因某事物给某人报酬
pay back 偿还(欠款)；报复
①What made him happy was that after all these years he at last paid_off all his debts.
使他高兴的是经过这些年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。
②That I can pay_back the help people give me makes me happy.
能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。
写作链接——高考小作文
(2014·山东高考书面表达)I was very interested in English and worked hard at it. Finally ____________.
我对英语非常感兴趣而且付出了努力，最后我所有的努力都得到了回报。
答案：all my efforts paid off
2．in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏
[佳句诵读]The car has been well maintained and is in good condition.
这辆车一直保养得很好，车况极佳。
out of condition 健康状况欠佳
working/living/studying conditions
工作/生活/学习环境
on condition that... 在……条件下；倘若……
on no condition 一点也不；决不(放在句首时，用部分倒装语序)
①What I want you to realize is that everybody is likely to be in_poor_condition.
(2014·安徽高考书面表达)
我想让你意识到的是每个人都可能有状况不好的时候。
②You can keep the books for about 3 weeks on_condition_that you preserve them well.
这些书你可以借三个礼拜，条件是你必须好好保存。
③On no condition should_you_lose_heart when you are in trouble.
当你处境危险时，你决不能失去信心。
3．The_advantage_is_that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die, but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.
其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这些动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。
The advantage is that... “优势是……”，that此处引导表语从句。
The advantage/strength of... is that...
……的优势是……
The disadvantage of... is that... ……的不足是……
The drawback of... is that... ……的缺点是……
The problem of... is that... ……的问题是……
The chance is that... 有可能……
①The_advantage_is_that smiling can not only make us happy, but also please others.
其优势在于微笑不仅可以让我们高兴，还能让别人开心。
②The drawback of the popularity of cars is_that it brings about so much air pollution.
汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。
写作链接——写作佳句
在你所就读的大学里住宿的优点是如果你有问题可以得到帮助。
__________________ using your university accommodation ________________ if you have a problem.
答案：The advantage of is that you can get support
[板块集训]
Ⅰ.选词填空
1．Keep on working hard like this, and your research ________ obtain great success.
2．The athlete's years of hard training ________ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
3．Don't let yourself be ________ by a small failure in the experiment, try again.
4．His parents tried to persuade him not to give up his wellpaid job, but their efforts were ________.
is bound to
paid off
cast down
in vain
Ⅱ.句型转换/完成句子
1．You should tell him what has happened on no condition.(改为倒装句)
→________________ tell him what has happened.
答案：On no condition should you
2．They agreed to lend us the car as long as we returned it before the weekend.(同义句转换)
→They agreed to lend us the car ________________ we returned it before the weekend.
答案：on condition that
3．________________ (最大的不足之处是……) there are often limits on what you can sell with this approach.
答案：The biggest disadvantage is that
[基础考点 全面练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The wellknown scientist always says that he ________ (owe) all his success to the support of his family.
答案：owes
2．(2017·东北三省四市联考) It is ________ (reason) to forgive him. After all, he is only a child.
答案：reasonable
3．Mountain Tai struck its beauty ________ her heart and she decided to visit it again the next year.
答案：into
4．________ (retire) from business, he now occupies himself with his garden.
答案：Having retired
5．—It's reported that there's ________ big breakthrough in the cancer treatment.
—If only my son could be brought back to life!
答案：a
6．The information ________ (obtain) from the Internet is not always true, so we should be careful to check the facts we find on websites.
答案：obtained
7．Since her only child passed away a few years ago, family has been a ________ (forbid) topic for her.
答案：forbidden
8．The project ________ (undertake) by the young engineer on his own turned out to be very successful.
答案：undertaken
9．(2017·江西九江市模拟)There is a popular view ________ in city strangers are less likely to help an elderly person.
答案：that
10．We ought to pay attention to doing small things well, because small things make a ________ (different)．
答案：difference
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．After the flood, with the help of our soldiers, we managed to take our hometown back to life.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：take→bring
2．I believe that your efforts will pay back sooner or later.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：back→off
3．The news which our team won the match was encouraging.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：which→that
4．Minetta was in the poor condition last week in hospital; therefore, her parents were in favour of performing an operation.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：去掉poor前的the
5．Most of the students are studying attentively, when John is playing with a paper plane.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：when→while
6．He has not easily cast down, because he is a strongminded person.
________________________________________________________________________
答案：has→is
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．She is well aware that ____________________(她的很多时间和努力都是白费的)．
答案：much of her time and effort is in vain
2．He asked for help from a colleague who ______________ (欠他一个人情)．
答案：owed him a favour
3．We ought to pay attention to doing small things well, because __________________(小事意义重大)．
答案：small things make a difference
4．I would consider studying abroad, ________________ (倘若我得到奖学金)．
答案：on condition that I get a scholarship
5．My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was ______________ (赞成这个建议)．
答案：in favour of it
[提考能 对接高考]
Ⅰ.教材与短文改错
根据课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
The possibility of cloning fierce and extinct wild animals have always excited film makers. And they are not the only one. The popularity of the film Jurassic Park proves how interesting ordinary people are in the subject. It is a film in that a scientist clones several kind of extinct dinosaurs. In fact, we are long way from being able to clone extinct animals. From time to time people suggested that the animals that have disappeared from the earth, can be brought back to the life through cloning. Unfortunately, based on what we know, it is possible. So dinosaurs' returned to the earth is merely a dream.
答案：
1．第一句的have→has。
2．第二句的one→ones。
3．第三句的interesting→interested。
4．第四句的that→which。
5．第四句的kind→kinds。
6．第五句的long前加a。
7．第六句的suggested→suggest。
8．第六句life前的the去掉。
9．第七句的possible→impossible。
10．第八句的returned→returning。
Ⅱ.教材与话题写作
用本单元所学知识完成下列句子，并按照逻辑连成短文。
1．People ________________ greatly in cloning technique.
人们在克隆技术上分歧相当大。
2．Some people are ________________ its development.
一些人支持它的发展。
3．They believe it will ________________ benefit us.
他们认为这项技术一定会有利于我们。
differ
in favour of
be bound to
4．Other people find that it could raise a storm of ________________.
还有一些人发现克隆能引起一系列的道德问题。
5．Cloning will ________________ on assumption that all ________________ use it properly.
只要所有的人都答应合理应用，克隆将会取得成功。
组篇公式：适当加入过渡词。
moral questions
pay off
undertake to
范文
People differ greatly in cloning technique. Some people are in favour of its development, for they believe it will be bound to benefit us. On the contrary, others find that it could raise a storm of moral questions. However, in my opinion, cloning will pay off on assumption that all undertake to use it properly.
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