新视界大学英语综合教程1_unit1

A new start * Warming up Freshman 1 * Warming up 1. What sort of problems a freshman may have? Freshman: a student who is in his or her first year at university or college （大学）新生 2. What advice do you give them? 1 * Starting point 1. Listen and mark a line when you hear any extra words or expressions. • A student calls up his mother from college, and asks her for some money. His mother says, “Why?” “I’ve run out,” replies the student. • “But you’ve only been at college for a week,” says his mother. “Oh, well, sure. You also left a textbook here. Do you want me to send that too?” • “OK, thanks,” replies the student. So his mother wraps up the book in a package and goes to the post office to mail it. “Already? But you’ve only been at college for a week,” says his mother. “Oh, well, sure. I’ll send you some money. By the way, you also left a textbook here. Do you want me to send that too?” “OK, thanks,” replies the student. So his mother wraps up the book along with two checks in a package and goes to the post office to mail it. 1 * Starting point • When she gets back, her husband asks, “How much did you give the boy?” She says, “Oh, I wrote two checks.” • “That’s $1,020!” shouted her husband. • She says, “I put the $20 check inside the front page of his book, but I put the $1,000 one somewhere between the pages at the back of the book!” When she gets back, her husband asks, “How much did you give the boy?” She says, “Oh, I wrote two checks, one for $20 and the other for$1,000.” “That’s $1,020!” shouted her husband. “Are you crazy?” “Don’t worry,” She says, “I put the $20 check inside the front page of his book, but I put the $1,000 one somewhere between the pages at the back of the book!” Starting point 2. Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Use the words and expressions to help you. budget: the amount of money you have available to spend 预算 bank account: 银行账户 loan: 贷款，借贷 manage: 管理，成功做某事（～ to do sth） lecture: give/deliver/read a lecture 讲课/上课/讲学 broaden your horizon 开阔视野 go to a movie 看电影 1 * 1 Why did the student’s mum put the $1,000 cheque in the back of the book? 2 Are you worried about having enough money while at college? 3 How do you think you will be able to resolve any money problems? 4 How well prepared are you for college life? 5 Is college life what you expected, or is it very different? Starting point He will only find the money if he reads the book from the beginning to the end. It will be a reward if he works hard. find a part-time job * Active reading Five things I wish I’d known when I started college How to organize time How to make friends How important it is to get enough sleep How to plan for the future How to enjoy life * Skimming ◇ Browse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it. ◇Answer the questions on page 4. 1 What advantages does university have, according to the writer? College is the best place to broaden horizons and the best time to meet people, to work hard, to play sports, to fall in and out of love, to find out about our great big world. 1 * Skimming 2 Why might a student sometimes not know what to do? There are too many possible choices. 3 How should you organize your time, according to the writer? You should write down what you have to do and calculate how much free time you have and then plan how to use it. 4 Why did the writer feel he had to make so many friends? Because this is the best time of your life to make friends, friends who will stay friends for many years. 1 * Skimming 6 How old was the writer when he found a career? Late twenties/ nearly 30. 7 What can university teach you, according to the writer? It can teach you about life and what you can actually achieve. You can learn to be more realistic. 8 How can you enjoy life at university, according to the writer? Being open to people, ideas and experiences. 5 Why is it good to get the rhythm of the day right? You will have a balanced life with health, friends and success in your studies. 1 * Listening Listen to the article and underline any difficult words or expressions. Listen again and find out the main idea of this article. The author gives the freshman some advice on how to adapt themselves to their college life. He advises them to look after themselves properly, work hard but also have plenty of fun. The secret of success is to have a balanced life. 1 * 1 Your parents are really proud of you…relieved too, I guess. (Line 2,Para 1) 你父母很为你自豪……同时也如释重负吧，我想。 Your parents no longer need to worry about what their child will do after leaving school, and will hope that a good education will lead to a successful life. Difficult sentences 1 * relieve: to make pain or another bad physical feeling less unpleasant 减轻（痛苦或身体不适） You should take some medicine to relieve your headache. 你应该吃点药来缓解头痛。 relieved: happy and relaxed because something bad has not happened, or because a bad situation has ended 宽慰的;欣慰的 She was extremely relieved that Tom hadn’t recognized her. 汤姆没有认出她，这让她倍感欣慰。 Difficult sentences 1 * 要说开阔眼界，大学是最好的地方；要说交朋结友、刻苦用功、体育运动、热恋失恋、了解这个伟大而广阔的世界，大学是最好的时期。 2 College is the best place to broaden your horizons and the best time to meet people, to work hard, to play sports, to fall in and out of love, to find out about our great big world. (Line 1, Para 2) Difficult sentences 1 * broaden: broad + en broaden a. to make something wider or to become wider 变宽；加宽 The government decided to broaden the street to be 20 metres wide. 政府决定把街道加宽至20米宽。 b. to make you see a wider range of opportunities and choices 开阔视 野， broaden one’s horizons fall in love, fall out of love: 恋爱，失恋 find out: 发现，查明，弄清 Difficult sentences 1 * 但面临这么多选择，有时你无所适从，这是不是有些出人意料？ Choice is usually seen as good , but here too much choice is seen as a possible problem. faced with: 面临，面对 We face difficulties and are faced with them. 3 But faced with so many choices, is it surprising that you sometimes don’t know what to do? (Line 1, Para 3) Difficult sentences 1 * 希望你的教授不会介意！ At first you think you have time to do many activities, but actually you do not. So your work will be late. The writers hopes the college teacher won’t be angry about it. 4 Hope your professor is OK with that! (Line 2, Para 6) Difficult sentences 1 * 所以，我为何第一个学期结交很多朋友，再花五个学期和他们断交呢？ The speaker made a lot of friends at first because he lacked confidence and worried about not being loved, but afterwards lost them because he found university life was not miserable and probably because he didn’t have much time to spend with them. 5 So why did I make so many friends in the first semester and spend five semesters unmaking them? (Line 2, Para 7) Difficult sentences 1 * semester: one of the two periods of about 18 weeks that the school year is divided into in some countries such as US 学期 unmake: to undo the making of 取消，撤回，使还原 The word might be used of laws or a reputation but sounds a little strange used of friends, whom we more usually lose. But the expressions suits the humorous tone of the passage. Difficult sentences 1 * 不过你得注意一下个人卫生，你知道我指的是什么。 If you cannot make friends perhaps it is because you or your clothes are not clean enough and you smell sweaty. The writer is being humorous. you know what I mean : an expression used when one does not want to go into details as they are embarrassing. 6. Although check your personal freshness, you know what I mean. (Line 7, Para 8) Difficult sentences 1 * 把握好每天的节奏。 One way in which music is made is by changing the speed of the notes. Life is the same. Your daily life needs a mixture if different activities. rhythm: a regular pattern in nature or in life (自然，生活中的)规则变化 I have been used to the life rhythm of Beijing. 我已经适应了北京的生活节奏。 7 Get the rhythm of your day right. (Line 1, Para 11) Difficult sentences 1 * 甚至抽一些时间来安静独处。 quiet time for yourself : time spend along doing something you like, eg listening to music, reading, walking in the park etc 8. …and maybe even find some quiet time for yourself. (Line 6, Para 11) Difficult sentences 1 * 我是直到快30岁的时候，才最终找到了我人生的真正道路。 I had many career plans at school, but until I was 28 or 29 I finally knew what I really wanted to do as my career. late twenties: the decades of our lives are divided into early, mid and late, so the writer uses late twenties here. She is in her early teens(13 or 14), mid twenties(25 or 26), late thirties (38 or 39). 9 …it wasn’t until my late twenties that I finally found my true path in life. (Line 3, Para 13) Difficult sentences 1 * 不要让你的抱负挫伤你。 Do not let a plan for the future control the present completely. You may change your mind. 10 But don’t let your ambition frustrate you. (Line 2, Para 14) Difficult sentences 1 * ambition: something that you very much want to do, usually something that is difficult to achieve.(通常指较难实现的)强烈欲望，追求目标 His ambition was always to become a successful writer. 他的目标一直都是成为一名成功的作家。 frustrate: to make someone feel annoyed and impatient by preventing them from doing or getting something阻挠；使烦恼；使灰心 He has always been frustrated by his inability to sing well. 唱歌不好总是让他觉得很有挫败感。 Difficult sentences 1 * ……（不仅仅是靠按时交作业）以及在人生的边缘犹豫再三，是否要投身其中，而是要一头扎进去，结交新朋友，了解新主张，感受新体验。 The writer here compares life to a swimming pool. The metaphor is of someone on a cold day standing by some water and feeling cold, and afraid to jump in. But when they jump in and start swimming they can warm up and enjoy themselves. 11 …shivering on the edge of life, but by diving into a pool of new friendships, swimming around lots of new ideas, and drying off in the warm sunshine of new experience. (Line 5, Para 15) Difficult sentences 1 * shiver: if you shiver, your body shakes slightly, for example because you are cold or frightened.(因寒冷或害怕而)发抖，哆嗦 dive: 跳水 dry off: 使擦干；使变干 Wash the vegetables first and then dry them off. 先冲洗这些蔬菜，然后擦干。 sunshine: (尤指温暖宜人的)阳光，日光 Difficult sentences 1 * We need to calculate the overall costs of this project. 我们需要核算这个项目的总成本。 It’s hard to calculate the long-term effects of these plans. 很难预测这个 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 的长期效应。 Words & Expressions * We assured him of our royal support. 我们向他相信我们坚定不移的支持。 Her doctor has assured us that she’ll be fine. 她的医生向我们保证她会好的。 Words & Expressions * He lacks the enthusiasm for studying English. 他对学习英语缺乏热情。 Most of his problems stem from a lack of confidence. 他的大部分问题源于缺乏自信。 Words & Expressions * She is a good student, but she lacks confidence. 她是个好学生，但缺乏自信心。 I have complete confidence in my professor. 我绝对信任教授。 Words & Expressions * Experience is a crucial factor in deciding who would be the best person for the job. 经验至关重要，它决定着谁会成为这个工作的最佳人选。 Getting this contract is crucial to the future of the company. 签订此项 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 对本公司的前途至关重要。 Words & Expressions * He couldn’t neglect his duty as a police. 他无法忽视作为一个警察的责任。 That couple neglected their children due to heavy work. 这对夫妇由于繁忙的工作对孩子疏于照顾。 Words & Expressions * n. to notice something, especially when it is not obvious 察觉；发觉；发现（尤指不明显的事） detective, n. 侦探 A lot of cancers can now be cured if they are detected early . 现在很多癌症由于及早发现而得到治愈。 Words & Expressions * v. to admit something about yourself that you would not normally tell people because you are embarrassed about it or they could be disappointed by it 承认（令人尴尬或令人失望的事） I confess that I broke the glass yesterday . 我承认我昨天打碎了玻璃。 Words & Expressions * （用于名词前）knowing about a situation or a fact 意识到的；知道的 I was aware of the fact that he couldn’t help me. 我意识到他无法帮我。 Words & Expressions * We want the class to be both enjoyable and useful---we’re trying to strike the right balance. 我们想要这个班级即有趣又有益，我们在寻求两者均衡。 He lost his balance and tipped backwards in the chair. 他失去平衡，椅子向后摔倒。 Words & Expressions * 1. I can assure you, the first time you do the math, you’ll get it wrong. What does “the math” refer to? Why will students get it wrong? It refers to the calculations about how much free time the students will have. They will probably think they can do things more quickly than they actually can. They will also forget things they must do. Digging ◇ Look at the sentences from the passage and answer the questions on page 6. ◇Work in group of 4. Discuss the questions with your group members. 1 * 2. So why did I make so many friends in the first semester and spend five semesters unmaking them? Why did the writer “unmake ” the friends he had made? The writer made a lot of friends at first because he lacked confidence and worried about being unloved, but he afterwards lost them because he found university life was not very miserable and probably because he didn’t have enough time to spend with them. Digging 1 * 3. (Although check your personal freshness, you know what I mean.) What does “personal freshness” refer to? How clean you are, especially how you smell. Digging 4. Get the rhythm of your day right. What does “rhythm of your day” refer to? The balance of different types of activities during the day. How much time you spend on work, relaxation, sport, looking after yourself, sleep etc. 1 * 5. But I wish I’d known that life becomes enjoyable not just by handing in assignments on time, shivering on the edge of life, but by diving into a pool of new friendships, swimming around lots of new ideas, and drying off in the warm sunshine of new experience. What does the underlined phrases mean? Why does the writer use “swimming” to describe his experience as a college freshman? Digging 1 * Culture points While living on campus is valued as an important aspect of a university education, and is indeed compulsory in some places, in many others it is not possible owing to a lack of accommodation facilities. In many cases students are offered one year on campus and the other years must be spent in rented accommodation, either shared flats or bed-sits (a single room with bed, desk, simple cooking facilities etc). Some students choose to study at a university near their home so they can continue to live with their families as this is a much cheaper option. * Relating to the reader. Reading and Interpreting We can sense that the writer is older than the intended reader, and with enough experience to give them lots of advice. But this writer wants to relate to the reader, and uses a number of stylistic techniques to create an informal and friendly style. 1 * Informal and conversational words and expressions. Your parents are really proud of you…relieved too, I guess. We only use expressions like I guess in conversations, either spoken or written. Reading and Interpreting 1 * Humour. …your mom is really good at detecting when you stay up too late.... The writer uses the word detecting which is usually used to talk about police activity, so the reader might imagine the writer’s mum checks on him the way a detective tries to discover a crime. This mild humour caused by exaggeration adds to the informal style of the passage and helps the writer relate to the reader. Reading and Interpreting 1 * ➊ Do the questionnaire. Talking Point ➋ Work in pairs and discuss the questions. Did you choose the same or different answers? What other answers to these questions did you have? Can you think of any other questions to ask about life as a fresher? 1 * Language in Use Look at the sentences from the passage. Because I lacked confidence and was scared of being unloved. I also felt inadequate… 1 * Language in Use Now form new words with un- or in- to describe the things, and check your answers with the dictionary. 1 a person who is not kind unkind 2 a research result which is not important unimportant 3 a room which is not tidy untidy 4 a code which is not correct incorrect 1 * Language in Use 5 behaviour which is not fair unfair 6 a lesson which is not usual unusual 7 books which are not expensive inexpensive 8 someone who is not lucky unlucky 9 a place where you do not feel safe unsafe 1 * Language in Use Look at the sentence from the passage and answer the questions. I wish I’d known that it’s fairly difficult to be truly miserable at college... Did the writer know that it was difficult to be miserable at college? Does he feel happy now that he didn’t know? 1 * Language in Use Now rewrite the sentences using I wish + past perfect. 1 I didn’t finish my essay yesterday, unfortunately. I wish I’d finished my essay yesterday. 2 It’s a pity you didn’t tell me all this last week. I wish you’d told me all this last week. 3 It’s a pity she didn’t come on Tuesday. I wish she’d come on Tuesday. 1 * Language in Use 4 I regret the fact that I didn’t do any research. I wish I’d done some research. 5 It’s a pity I didn’t know you were in town. I wish I’d known you were in town. 6 I arrived at work late this morning, unfortunately. I wish I hadn’t arrived at work late this morning. 1 * Language in Use Look at the sentences from the passage and answer the questions. But faced with so much choice, is it surprising that you sometimes don’t know what to do? Looking back at my college years, I wish I had known about… 1 Which sentence begins with an active participle? Why? The second sentence, because the subject of the sentence, “I”, is the one who does the looking: I look back at my college year… 2 Which sentence begins with a passive participle? Why? The first sentence. “Faced with so much choice” can be written as “you are faced with so much choice”, which means the choice is a situation which happens to you. 1 * Language in Use Now complete the sentences using the correct participle of the verbs in brackets. 1 ____________ about my time at university, I realize I was very happy there. (think) 2 ____________ by my father, I spent the whole of the year studying. (support) 3 ____________ by the results of the school leaving exam, she decided to go to university. (encourage) Thinking Supported Encouraged 1 * Language in Use Looking Believing Faced 4 ____________ about my time at university, I realize I was very happy there. (look) 5 ____________ by my father, I spent the whole of the year studying. (believe) 6 ____________ by the results of the school leaving exam, she decided to go to university. (face) 1 * When I was in my late twenties, I finally found my true path in life. We can rewrite it to emphasize that something happened late like this: It wasn’t until my late twenties that I finally found my true path in life. Look at the sentence. Language in Use 1 * 1 At midnight I realize I had to hand in the essay the next day. It wasn’t until mid-night that I realize I had to hand in the essay the next day. 2 On Wednesday I got my lesson ticket for the buses. It wasn’t until on Wednesday that I got my lesson ticket for the buses. 3 After the break Emma and Paul arrived. It wasn’t until after the break that Emma and Paul arrived. Now rewrite the sentences using it wasn’t until…that…. Language in Use 1 * 4 When I was in my mid-twenties, I realized I wanted to go to university. It wasn’t until in my mid-twenties that I realized I wanted to go to university. 5 At the end of the course we were asked to give our options. It wasn’t until at the end of the course that we were asked to give our options. 6 In the final act everything suddenly made sense. It wasn’t until in the final act everything suddenly made sense. Language in Use 1 * ... I bet you WILL make friends. It’s almost impossible not to. What is it impossible not to do? Look at the sentences from the passage and answer the question. Language in Use 1 * 1 I learnt a lot while I was there – it was difficult not to learn a lot. I learnt a lot while I was there – it was difficult not to. 2 I wasn’t able to speak to Roger this morning but I hope to speak to him tomorrow. I wasn’t able to speak to Roger this morning but I hope to tomorrow. Now rewrite the sentences using ellipsis. Language in Use 1 * ⑥ Translate the sentences into Chinese. 1 College is the best place to broaden your horizons and the best time to meet people, to work hard, to play sports, to fall in and out of love, to find out about our great big world. 要说开阔眼界，大学是最好的地方；要说交朋结友、刻苦用功、体育运动、热恋失恋、了解这个伟大而广阔的世界，大学是最好的时期。 Language in Use 1 * 2 I wish I’d known that it’s fairly difficult to be truly miserable at college, and that not many people are smarter. 其实，在大学里过得真的很惨不是那么容易的，而比我聪明的人也不是那么多，我当时要是知道这些就好了。 Language in Use 1 * 3 It’s a basic human need, so don’t neglect it, if only because your mom is really good at detecting when you stay up too late or cut classes . 这是人类的基本需求，所以不要忽视。哪怕你睡觉只是因为妈妈擅长发现你熬夜或逃课。 Language in Use 1 * 4 College may make you more realistic, more aware that having a decent salary, having a warm and supportive family of your own, and being happy are equally important as a brilliant career, if not more so . 大学也许会使你更加现实，更加清楚地认识到拥有一份体面的薪水，一个温暖、支持你的家庭以及幸福感与拥有辉煌的事业一样重要，也许更重要。 Language in Use 1 * 5 But I wish I’d known that life becomes enjoyable not just by handing in assignments on time, shivering on the edge of life, but by diving into a pool of new friendships, swimming around lots of new ideas, and drying off in the warm sunshine of new experience. 但是，我真希望当时知道，人生变得美好，不仅仅是靠按时交作业以及在人生的边缘犹豫再三，是否要投身其中，而是要一头扎进去，结交新朋友，了解新主张，感受新体验。 Language in Use 1 * ⑦ Translate the sentences into English. 1 她是个好学生，但她很害羞，又缺乏自信。(lack confidence) She is a good student, but she is shy and lacks confidence. 2 他承认自己设定的目标不够现实，因此考试成绩也不够理想。(confess; realistic) He confessed that he had not set realistic targets/goals, so he did not do as well in the exams as he had expected. Language in Use 3 如何组织时间，如何结交新朋友是大学新生面临的挑战。(challenge; faced with) How to organize time and how to make friends are challenges that freshmen are faced with. 1 * 4 直到大学毕业我才认识到，学习并不是大学生活的全部，大学生活本可以更加丰富多彩。(it wasn’t until…that…;could have been) It wasn’t until graduation that I realized college life was not all about studying. It could have been more colourful. Language in Use 5 大学时人生中最美好的时光。好好享受大学生活，因为这样的时光不会再来。(enjoy) College years are the best years of a person’s life. Enjoy your college life because these moments will never come again. 1 * Further reading Diary of a fresher * Further reading Background information This diary is intended to be humorous and achieves this mainly by exaggeration. The girl writing it has been totally spoilt by her family and does not know how to look after herself. No one is actually as bad as this, but we laugh when shown someone totally lazy, greedy, stupid etc, and there is a serious side too: we may be a bit like this at times. * ◇ Listen to the article and underline any difficult words or expressions. ◇ Read the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it, and underline any sentences you find funny. ◇Answer the questions on page 12. Further reading 1 * 1 I can lie on the bed and touch three walls without moving a muscle. (Line 3,Para 2) 我躺在床上，不用动弹，就可以碰到三面墙。 For example, her head is against the wall and her outstretched arms touching the two side walls. This is an exaggerated way of saying the room is too small. Interesting sentences 1 * 2 I meet my tutor, who looks determined to be pleasant. (Line 2,Para 5) 我见到了我的导师，他看上去下定了决心要显得和蔼和亲。 The coffee morning is an embarrassing event. The tutor is being polite, but is not really interested in the students for he asks them all the same question and pays no attention to their answers. Interesting sentences 1 * Further reading Coffee morning A coffee morning is a social event with an informal atmosphere. Coffee and cakes are served in a large room. This provides an opportunity for people to move around, meet new people and settle various arrangements. If a similar arrangement is made for the afternoon, it will instead be a tea party. * 3 Splendid! (Line 1,Para 8) 太好了！ The answer does not really fit here as the writer has said nothing worth praise or congratulation. This shows that the tutor is not really interested in the students’ answers. Interesting sentences 4 …and find that I can have three meals a day in the dining hall. (Line 3,Para 10) 得知我可以在食堂一天吃三顿饭。 It’s an exaggeration of how badly prepared for her new life she is. 1 * 5 Not feeling any hungry any more. (Line 1,Para 14) 我再也不觉得饿了。 The strange eating habit of the boy takes away her wish to eat. She is disgusted by his action of mixing so many types of food. Interesting sentences 1 * 7 How can she tell? (Line 3,Para 17) 她怎么知道的？ From this, we can assume the writer’s hair and clothes are very untidy. Interesting sentences 6 No one has woken me. Strange. (Line 1,Para 16) 怎么没人叫我起床呢。怪了。 Her family have always helped her get up on time. She cannot understand why no one does it now. 1 * 我不知道，把脏衣服放进衣物篓之后、发现衣服已经洗好熨好叠好放在我柜子里之前，我的衣服究竟被怎么处理了？ Not only has the writer never washed her own clothes, but has never wondered how clean ones keep on appearing in her room. Interesting sentences 8 I’m not sure what happens to my dirty clothes after putting them in the clothes basket and before finding them clean, ironed and folded in my cupboard. (Line 2,Para 25) 1 * Reading across cultures Settling down at college around the world * Guided writing Writing a narrative A narrative often describes a past situation or experience and a sequence of events which sometimes lead to a change. Here are some of the most useful words and expressions we use. * Guided writing * Guided writing * Guided writing * Guided writing Sample writing Three months ago I was a nervous new student at my university who spent almost all my time in the library. I missed my family, and was counting the days until the holidays. But then I understand that I was wasting many opportunities. One day a group of friends suggested we all join a dance club to get more exercise. I was not sure it was a good idea, but went along with the group. It was great fun. I realized that I was more efficient in studying after activity, and felt a lot more happier. Now I’ve lots of new friends and I learn as much from them as from my books. * * * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * * * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * * * * * * * * * * * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * * * 1 * 1 * 1 * * 1 * 1 * 1 * 1 * * * * * * * *