Text AI. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. programmable, analog, digital
2. continuous, discrete
3. billing, shipping, receiving, inventory control
4. computations, MPU, CPU
5. Complex Instruction Set Computer
6. Digital Signal Processing
7. integer, logic
8. buses, pulses,
9. Random Access Memory, internal
10. keyboards, mouse, monitors, printers
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
external devices
1.
外部设备
2.
output device
2.
输出设备
3.
parallel device
3.
并行设备
4.
assembly language
4.
汇编语言
5.
block device
5.
块设备
6.
floating point
6.
浮点
7.
data stream
7.
数据流
8.
input device
8.
输入设备
9.
integrated circuit
9.
集成电路
10.
main storage
10.
主存
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
缩写
完整形式
中文意义
1.
ALU
Arithmetic/Logic Unit
运算器
2.
CPU
Central Processing Unit或Central Processor Unit
中央处理器
3.
CISC
Complex Instruction Set Computer
复杂指令集计算机
4.
DSP
Digital Signal Processing
数字信号处理
5.
EPROM
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
可擦可编程只读存储器
6.
LED
light-emitting diode
发光二级管
7.
MODEM
MOdulator, DEModulator
调制解调器
8.
RAM
Random Access Memory
随机访问存储器
9.
ROM
Read Only Memory
只读存储器
10.
RISC
Reduced Instruction Set Computer
精简指令集计算机
IV. Fill in the gaps with the words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the forms where necessary.1. instructions 2. devices 3. concept 4. consuming 5. integrated circuits
6. space 7. fit into 8. Information Age 9. embedded computer 10. control
V. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
计算机能够储存和执行被叫做程序的许多指令，这使其非常通用并不同于计算器。丘奇—图灵论点就是对该多功能的一个精确陈述：原则上说，任何具有一定的最低性能的计算机都能够执行其他计算机所能够执行的任务。因此，就计算机的性能和复杂性来说，无论是个人数字助手还是超型计算机，如果有足够的时间和储存能力，这些计算机都可以执行同样的计算任务。
Text B
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. same.
2. cards, components, slots, integrated
3. motherboard
4. microprocessor, chip, transistors
5. read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM)
6. software, hardware
7. power, supplies, drives, modems, sound, cooling systems
8. communicate, wireless cards, transceivers, data
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
to the point of
1.
达到...的程度
2.
solid state
2.
固体
3.
rely on
3.
依赖, 依靠
4.
printed circuit board
4.
印刷电路板
5.
optical storage drive
5.
光存储驱动器
6.
integrated card
6.
集成卡
7.
hard drive
7.
硬盘驱动器
8.
floppy disk drive
8.
软盘驱动器
9.
cooling system
9.
冷却系统
10.
to the point of
10.
达到...的程度
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
分割
1.
divide up
2.
图形卡
2.
graphics card
3.
散热片
3.
heat sink
4.
液体冷却系统
4.
liquid-cooling system
5.
数字只读光盘存储器
5.
DVD-ROM
6.
无线电波
6.
radio wave
7.
屏蔽箱, 隔离箱
7.
shielded box
8.
系统故障，系统损坏
8.
system failure
9.
关掉
9.
turn off
10.
水冷系统
10.
water-cooling system
Text C
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. three
2. motherboard, advantages, disadvantages
3. cheap, middle-of-the-road, high-end, extreme
4. grounding
5. faceplate, standoffs
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
break up into
1.
分类
2.
close up
2.
关闭
3.
correspond to
3.
相应, 符合
4.
High-end motherboards
4.
高端主板
5.
in general
5.
通常，大体上, 一般而言
6.
match up with
6.
使调协, 使配合
7.
power lead
7.
电力引入线, 电源线
8.
power supply
8.
电源
9.
step up
9.
提升, 提高
10.
video card
10.
视频卡，显示卡
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
缩写
完整形式
中文意义
1.
AGP
Accelerated Graphics Port
图形加速接口
2.
AMD
Advanced Micro Device
美国先进微电子器件公司
3.
aka
also known as
亦称作
4.
GB
gigabyte
吉字节
5.
PATA
Parallel ATA
并行ATA硬盘接口规范
6.
SATA
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment
串行高级技术附件
7.
DVI
Digital Video Interactive
数字视频交互系统
8.
IDE
Integrated Drive Electronics
集成驱动设备
9.
PCI
Peripheral Component Interconnect
外围设备接口
10.
VGA
Video Graphics Array
显示绘图阵列
Lesson2 Computer Hardware
Text A
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. personal computer, workstation, minicomputer, mainframe, supercomputer
2. expensive, mathematical calculations, Cray Research.
3. large, simultaneously
4. channels all its power into executing a few programs, to execute many programs concurrently
5. multiprocessing, 200
6. UNIX, Windows NT.
8. single-user systems, microprocessors
9. desktop, tower
10. notebook, hand-held computers, palmtops, PDAs
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
battery pack
1.
电池组
2.
computing power
2.
计算能力
3.
expansion board
3.
扩充卡，扩展板
4.
hand-held computer
4.
手持式计算机
5.
immense amounts of
5.
大量的，非常多的
6.
local-area network
6.
局域网
7.
memory capacity
7.
内存容量
8.
pin down
8.
使受约束, 阻止, 压制
9.
portable computer
9.
便携式计算机
10.
tower model
10.
立式
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
便携式电话
1.
cellular phone
2.
台式印刷系统，桌面出版系统
2.
desktop publishing
3.
图形用户界面
3.
graphical user interface
4.
高分辨率图形显示器
4.
high-resolution graphics screen
5.
每秒指令数
5.
instructions per second
6.
大容量存储设备
6.
mass storage devices
7.
操作系统
7.
operating system
8.
袖珍式计算机
8.
pocket computer
9.
在因特网上冲浪
9.
surfing the Internet
10.
语音识别
10.
voice recognition
IV. Fill in the gaps with the words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the forms where necessary.
1. account for 2. backplane 3. hosts 4. microprocessor 5. main memory
6. external storage 7. video 8. integrate 9. chipset 10. capabilities
V. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
CPU（中央处理单元）是计算机的“大脑”。所有计算机将要处理的指令都由CPU来处理。有许多“CPU结构”，每个都有其自己的特点和选择。在个人计算机中所使用的主要CPU结构是x86 和PowerPC。x86很容易地成为这类计算机最受欢迎的处理器（x86的主要生产者是Intel and AMD）。例如其他一些结构用于工作站、服务器或嵌入式系统。CPU包含少量的静态的RAM（SRAM），叫做高速缓存。一些处理器有两级或三级高速缓存，还有几兆内存。
Text B
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. the motherboard
2. microprocessor chip
3. the form factor
4. chipset, the northbridge, the southbridge
5. Socket T, Land Grid Array, the pins are actually part of the socket, not the CPU
6. the chipset
7. an integrated part, removed, upgraded
8. dual data rate (DDR), twice, once
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
a variety of
1.
多种的
2.
Basic Input/Output System
2.
基本输入输出系统
3.
dual bus
3.
双总线
4.
fit into
4.
适合
5.
hand in hand
5.
手拉手, 联合
6.
Pin Grid Array
6.
针脚栅格阵列
7.
Redundant Array of Independent Discs
7.
磁盘阵列
8.
single bus
8.
单总线
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
将...应用于
1.
apply to
2.
由...组成
2.
consist of
3.
双倍速率
3.
dual data rate
4.
软盘驱动器
4.
floppy drive
5.
代替, 而不是...
5.
instead of
6.
实时时钟芯片
6.
real time clock chip
7.
独立显卡
7.
separate video card
8.
把一切都连起来
8.
ties everything together
Text C
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. Universal Serial Bus, standardized intelligent serial, PC
2. "plug and play" support, "hot swap" ability
3. 127, interconnected external USB hubs
4. high speed communication interconnect standards, application focus
5. more PC centric, digital media, the consumer electronics industry
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
address space
1.
地址空间
2.
backward-compatible
2.
反向兼容的，向后兼容的
3.
data transfer rate
3.
数据传输率
4.
hot swap ability
4.
热交换能力，热插拔能力
5.
plug and play
5.
即插即用
6.
power consumption
6.
电能消耗
7.
power-saving mode
7.
省电模式
8.
sleep mode
8.
休眠模式
9.
system resource
9.
系统资源
10.
Virtual Reality
10.
虚拟现实
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
缩写
完整形式
中文意义
1.
CE
Consumer Electronics
消费电子
2.
DMA
Direct Memory Access
直接内存存取
3.
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
电气和电子工程师协会
4.
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network
综合服务数字网
5.
IRQ
Interrupt Request
中断请求
6.
Mbps
Megabits per second
兆比特/每秒
7.
PBX
Private Branch Exchange
专用分组交换
8.
USB
Universal Serial Bus
通用串行总线
Lesson3 Input/Output Device
Text A
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. output
2. LCD, flat panel, flat screen displays
3. pixels
4. the aspect ratio, the screen size
5. 4:3, 16:9
6. sharper, fuzzier
7. an expansion card, convert display information into a signal, a graphics adapter, video card, graphics card
8. Digital Video Interface, does not support the use of digital monitors
9. DVI-digital (DVI-D), DVI-integrated (DVI-I), digital transmission, both digital and analog transmissions
10. the number of bits, a single pixel, the number of colors that can be displayed
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
aspect ratio
1.
纵横比，屏幕高宽比
2.
cathode ray tube
2.
阴极射线管
3.
Digital Video Interface
3.
数字视频接口
4.
flat panel
4.
平板
5.
liquid crystal display
5.
液晶显示器
6.
projection surface
6.
显示面
7.
spread out
7.
分布
8.
true color
8.
真彩
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
位深度
1.
bit depth
2.
把…转换为…
2.
convert … into …
3.
双连接电缆
3.
dual link cable
4.
高清晰度电视
4.
high definition television
5.
低能耗
5.
lower energy consumption
6.
刷新率
6.
refresh rate
7.
最小化传输差分信号
7.
Transition Minimized Differential Signaling
8.
可视区域，可视觉面积
8.
Viewable Area
IV. Fill in the gaps with the words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the forms where necessary.
1. peripheral 2. paper 3. attached 4. built-in 5. support
6. directly 7. memory sticks 8. combined 9. photocopiers 10. features
V. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
可视显示器——经常被简单的称为监视器或显示器——是一个电子设备，它显示一些设备（如计算机）视频输出所产生的图像，而不产生永久的记录。大部分比较新的显示器有薄膜晶体管液晶显示器（TFT LCD），比较老的显示器则基于阴极射线管（CRT）。显示器包括显示设备、产生和
格式
pdf格式笔记格式下载页码格式下载公文格式下载简报格式下载
化信号源发送的视频图片的简单电路以及一个外壳。在信号源中，无论作为一个整体还是一个模块，都有一个显示适配器来产生与显示器的格式兼容的视频。
Text B
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. a fixed matrix of horizontal and vertical dots
2. three, 17 inch = 1024x768, 19 inch = 1280x1024, 20 inch = 1600x1200
3. 250, 350
4. The contrast ratio, The response rate
5. a thin metal screen, the sharpness, millimeters
6. CRT technology
7. require less power, smaller and weigh less, more adjustable, less eye strain
8. less expensive, better color representation, more responsive, multiple resolutions, more rugged
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
aperture grill
1.
孔径栅, 障栅
2.
candelas per square meter
2.
每平方米堪
3.
dot pitch
3.
点距
4.
eye strain
4.
视觉疲劳，眼睛疲劳
5.
negative terminal
5.
负端, 负极端子
6.
positive terminal
6.
正极端子
7.
shadow mask
7.
荫罩板, 遮光板
8.
stripe pitch
8.
条距
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
托臂
1.
arm mounting
2.
对比度
2.
contrast ratio
3.
电子束
3.
electron beam
4.
自身分辨率
4.
native resolution
5.
磷光点, 荧光点
5.
phosphor dot
6.
响应速率
6.
response rate
7.
开槽式荫罩显像管
7.
slot mask tube
8.
视角
8.
Viewing Angle
Text C
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. static electricity, built up on an insulated object
2. the speed
3. Hewlett Packard's Printer Command Language (PCL), Adobe's Postscript
4. a laser, a movable mirror, a lens
5. speed, precision, economy.
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
communications port
1.
通讯端口
2.
exchange data
2.
交换数据
3.
graphical device interface
3.
图形设备接口
4.
image distortion
4.
图形失真
5.
inkjet printer
5.
喷墨打印机
6.
laser beam
6.
激光束
7.
lightning bolt
7.
闪电
8.
output tray
8.
出纸器，托纸盘
9.
positive charge
9.
正电荷
10.
static electricity
10.
静电
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
点阵
1.
dot array
2.
全光谱
2.
full spectrum
3.
加热滚筒
3.
heated roller
4.
墨水盒
4.
ink cartridge
5.
绝缘体
5.
insulated object
6.
发光二极管
6.
light emitting diode
7.
每次一行
7.
line at a time
8.
页面脚本语言
8.
page description language
9.
光栅图象处理器
9.
raster image processor
10.
矢量形式
10.
vector form
Lesson4 Operating System
Text A
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. The operating system (OS)
2. to organize and control hardware and software
3. Microsoft, Apple, the UNIX family of operating systems
4. portable code, permanent physical circuits, having to scrap the whole device
5. two, the hardware and software resources, stable, consistent way, all the details of the hardware
6. keeping their operating systems flexible enough
7. real-time operating system, single-user, single task operating system, single-user, multi-tasking operating system, multi-user operating system
8. scientific instruments, industrial systems, in precisely the same amount of time
9. single-user, single-task, multi-user operating systems
10. processor management, memory management, device management, storage management, application interface, user interface
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
application program interface
1.
应用程序接口
2.
cell phone
2.
蜂窝电话
3.
disk space
3.
磁盘空间
4.
memory location
4.
存储单元
5.
power-on self test
5.
开机自检
6.
real-time operating system
6.
实时操作系统
7.
seal box
7.
密封盒
8.
single hard-wired program
8.
单个硬连线程序
9.
single-user, single task
9.
单用户、单任务系统
10.
take advantage of
10.
利用，使用
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
引导装入程序
1.
bootstrap loader
2.
安排, 处理, 涉及
2.
deal with
3.
与…交互
3.
interact with
4.
实际电路
4.
physical circuit
5.
实时控制系统
5.
real-time control system
6.
科学仪
表
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6.
scientific instrument
7.
建立，设立
7.
set up
8.
单用户、多任务系统
8.
single-user, multi-tasking
9.
系统补丁
9.
system patch
10.
胡乱地修补，捣鼓，乱弄
10.
tinker with
IV. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the forms if necessary.
1. be responsible for 2. in use 3. interfere with 4. timesharing 5. memory
6. assumes 7. allocated 8. bugs 9. alter 10. crash
IV. Translate the following passage from English to Chinese:
操作系统（通常缩写为OS和O/S）是计算机系统的基础软件部分。它负责管理和协调计算机的活动和有限的资源分享。操作系统扮演的角色是在计算机上所运行的应用程序的主人。作为主人，操作系统的目的之一是处理硬件运行的细节。这样应用程序就不用管理这些细节并使编写程序更容易。几乎所有的计算机，包括手持式计算机、桌面计算机、超型计算机甚至计算机游戏机都使用某种操作系统。一些老一点的型号可能使用嵌入式系统，光盘和其它数据存储设备中也可能使用这样的操作系统。
Text B
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1.successor, Windows Vista
2. Blaster, Sobig, Welchia
3. "be more user-centric", performance improvements
4. a "Milestone 1 (M1) code drop", January 2008, x86 and x86-64
5. touch, speech, handwriting recognition, multi-core processors, kernel improvements
6. multiple heterogeneous graphics cards
7. a Windows Live account, a 10-minute install process, improved network connection tools
8. how they can continue to add features that consumers will want that also don't run afoul of regulators
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
a number of
1.
许多的
2.
attract sb.'s attention
2.
引起某人的注意
3.
be integrated into
3.
被统一…中，被整合到…中
4.
beta release
4.
贝塔（β）版本，测试第二版
5.
drop by
5.
随便访问
6.
handwriting recognition
6.
手写识别
7.
native code
7.
本地代码
8.
Professional Developers Conference
8.
专业开发者会议
9.
system component
9.
系统部件
10.
virtual hard disk
10.
虚拟硬盘
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
连同...一起, 随同...一起
1.
along with
2.
来来往往地, 来回地
2.
back and forth
3.
更加以用户为中心
3.
be more user-centric
4.
控制面板
4.
control panel
5.
双引导系统
5.
dual-boot system
6.
移动电话
6.
mobile phone
7.
新闻周刊
7.
Newsweek
8.
来源于
8.
root in
9.
单位换算
9.
Lessonconversion
10.
可以解决, 设计出, 做出, 计算出
10.
work out
Text C
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. GNU/Linux, home PCs, popular
2. stability, security
3. managing resources
4. KDE (the K Desktop Environment), GNOME (the GNU Network Object Model Environment), the point-and-click, drag-and-drop functionality
5. network better, Linux handles most of the work
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
be responsible for
1.
为...负责, 形成...的原因
2.
best of all
2.
最好的
3.
drag and drop
3.
拖放
4.
malicious program
4.
恶意程序
5.
point of sale
5.
零售终端，商业收款机
6.
user-friendly environment
6.
用户友好环境
7.
development tool
7.
开发工具
8.
impose constraints on
8.
限制，局限
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
因...而众所周知
1.
be known for
2.
证实
2.
bear out
3.
中枢神经系统
3.
central nervous system
4.
许多的
4.
dozens of
5.
在...方面胜过
5.
excel in…
6.
为了...
6.
in order to
7.
开放资源，主要指源代码开放
7.
open source
8.
坚持做(某事)
8.
stick with
Lesson5 Computer Software Basic
Text A
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. software life cycle, software process
2. ISO 12207
3. extracting the requirements, requirements analysis
4. an abstract representation, the software system, future requirements
5. bugs are recognized
6. resistant to change, venturing into an unfamiliar area
7. feedback, regular tests and releases of the evolving software.
8. requirements specification (also known as verification), design, integration, testing and debugging (also known as validation), maintenance
9. data and statistical analysis, identifying and eliminating defects
10. Test Driven Development, before the class is written
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
agile software development
1.
敏捷软件开发
2.
correcting error
2.
纠错
3.
light design
3.
轻便设计
4.
project team
4.
项目组
5.
software development process
5.
软件开发过程
6.
software engineer
6.
软件工程师
7.
Software Process Improvement Capability Determination
7.
软件过程改进和能力测定
8.
Test Driven Development
8.
测试驱动的开发
9.
Use Case
9.
用例
10.
write-test-once-and-code-until-class-passes
10.
测试写一次然后编码直到类结束
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
敏捷建模
1.
Agile Modeling
2.
瀑布模型
2.
waterfall model
3.
第三方评价
3.
third party review
4.
统计
分析
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4.
statistical analysis
5.
软件元素分析
5.
Software Elements Analysis
6.
软件生命周期
6.
software life cycle
7.
需求分析
7.
requirements analysis
8.
面向制造的
8.
manufacturing-oriented
9.
极限编程
9.
Extreme Programming
10.
能力成熟度模型
10.
Capability Maturity Model
IV. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the forms if necessary.
1. operating system 2. programs 3. controls 4. perform 5. system software
6. In contrast to 7. application software 8. tasks 9. transferring 10. display device
V. Translate the following passage from English to Chinese:
应用软件是任何可以起作用的工具，由计算机来运行，其目的是支持或改进软件用户的工作。换句话说，它是计算机软件的子类，它直接彻底地使用计算机的性能使用户完成他希望完成的任务。应用软件应该与系统软件（基础软件）或中间件（计算机服务/处理综合软件）不同。系统软件或中间件也涉及到整合计算机的多种性能，但通常在执行对用户有益的任务时不能直接应用这些性能。在这种环境下，术语“应用”既指应用软件也指其执行。
Text B
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. organizing and storing data, the array, the file, the record, the table
2. storing information on multiple devices
3. objects with the same attributes, subscripting
4. a related collection of records
5. a unique name
6. a row, relevant to a specific entity
7. a file, rows and columns
8. Web page elements spatially, tabular, lists, specifications
II. Translate the following term s and phrases into Chinese.
1.
account number
1.
账号
2.
in turn
2.
依次, 轮流
3.
three-dimensional table
3.
三维表
4.
draw up
4.
草拟
5.
data structure
5.
数据结构
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
数据集
1.
data set
2.
判定表, 决策表
2.
decision table
3.
文件扩展名
3.
file name extension
4.
内存单元
4.
memory cell
5.
真值表
5.
truth table
Text C
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. a data structure, elements, indexing, the same data type
2. array data type, fixed-sized arrays (sometimes known as static arrays), dynamic arrays
3. less memory, packed arrays
4. implement mathematical vectors, rectangular tables
5. zero-based, one-based, n-based arrays, zero, one, a programmer-specified value
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
associative array
1.
关联数组,联合数组
2.
Column-major order
2.
以列为主排序
3.
data parallelism
3.
数据并行性
4.
deque
4.
双端队列
5.
dynamic memory allocation
5.
动态内存分配
6.
lower bound
6.
下界, 下限
7.
multi-dimensional array
7.
多维数组
8.
packed array
8.
合并数组
9.
row-major order
9.
以行为主排序
10.
static array
10.
静态数组
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
随机访问
1.
random access
2.
存储器组合
2.
memory pool
3.
有序列表
3.
ordered list
4.
静态数组
4.
dynamic array
5.
固定大小的数组
5.
fixed-sized array
6.
连续的存储
6.
continuous storage
7.
数据类型
7.
data type
8.
有界集合
8.
bounded set
9.
数组说明
9.
array declaration
10.
随机访问
10.
random access
Lesson6 Programming Language
Text A
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. an artificial language, a computer, create programs, information, human communication
2. syntax and semantics, instructions, a specification document, a dominant implementation
3. interaction between people, communicate instructions to machines
4. non-computational languages
5. a greater degree of precision and completeness
6. the complexity of the computer, do more computing
7. its syntax
8. the possible combinations of symbols, semantics
9. regular expressions, Backus-Naur Form
10. The static semantics, A type system
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
regular expression
1.
规则表达式
2.
commonly used algorithm
2.
常用算法
3.
natural language processor
3.
自然语言处理程序
4.
carry out
4.
完成，实现，贯彻，执行
5.
ANSI
5.
美国国家标准学会
6.
HTML
6.
超文本链接标识语言
7.
SQL
7.
结构化查询语言
8.
artificial language
8.
人工语言
9.
batch process
9.
批处理
10.
building block
10.
积木
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
上下文无关语法
1.
context-free grammar
2.
形式语法
2.
formal grammar
3.
交互对话期
3.
interactive session
4.
标识语言
4.
markup language
5.
空指针
5.
null pointer
6.
纯文本的
6.
purely textual
7.
脚本语言
7.
scripting language
8.
独立实体
8.
separate entity
9.
图灵完备
9.
Turing complete
10.
类型理论
10.
type theory
IV. Fill in the blanks with the words chosen from the box. Change the forms if necessary.
1. lowest-level 2. understood 3. humans 4. numbers 5. contains
6. variables 7. high-level 8. compiler 9. assembler 10. unique
V. Translate the following passage from English to Chinese:
编程语言（如C、FORTRAN 或者 Pascal）使程序员能够编写或多或少的独立于某一特定类型的计算机程序。这些持续被认为是高级语言，因为它们更接近人类语言而更远离机器语言。相反，汇编语言被认为是低级语言，因为它们非常接近机器语言。与低级语言相比，高级语言的主要优势是它们更容易读、更容易编写以及更容易维护。最后，用高级语言编写的程序都必须用编译器或翻译器翻译成机器语言。
最早的高级编程语言是在二十世纪五十年代设计而成的。现在有许多不同的高级语言，包括Ada、Algol、BASIC、COBOL、C、C++、FORTRAN、LISP、Pascal以及Prolog。
Text B
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. named sections
2. an unlimited number of parameters
3. no parameters, an integer result
4. any function that returns a result,
5. the value that the function will return
6. int, float, char
7. American National Standards Institute
8. the function name, its return type, prior to
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
random number
1.
随机数
2.
memory address
2.
内存地址
3.
function prototype
3.
函数原型
4.
error message
4.
出错提示信息
5.
void return type
5.
空返回类型
6.
debugging code
6.
调试代码，调试程序
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
错误代码，出错代码
1.
error code
2.
出口
2.
exit point
3.
局部变量
3.
local variable
4.
参数列表
4.
parameter list
5.
结构体
5.
struct
Text C
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. selecting your operating system and clicking the SDK 1.4.1 documentation link
2. a two-line blob of text
3. you are not ready to go, rereading the installation instructions
4. Step 1 - Type in the program, Step 2 - Save the file, Step 3 - Compile the program, Step 4 - Fix any problems, Step 5 - Create an HTML Page, Step 6 - Run the Applet
5. that can run within a Web browser, that runs on your local machine
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
normal phone-line modem
1.
普通的电话线调制解调器
2.
licensing agreement
2.
许可
协议
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3.
object oriented programming technique
3.
面向对象编程技术
4.
Java development environment
4.
Java开发环境
5.
MS-DOS
5.
微软磁盘操作系统
6.
SDK
6.
软件开发工具包
7.
case matter
7.
严格区分大小写，大小写敏感的
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
剪贴
1.
cut and paste
2.
对角线
2.
diagonal line
3.
Java小应用程序
3.
Java applet
4.
本地机
4.
local machine
5.
确保，确定，确信，证实
5.
make sure
6.
临时目录
6.
temp directory
7.
文本编辑器
7.
text editor
Lesson7 Database
Text A
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. a structured collection of records or data
2. database management system, the software, organize the storage of data
3. increase their speed, a sorted list of the contents of some particular table column
4. indexes can be created or dropped
5. Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
6. Master/Slave Replication, Quorum, Multimaster
7. the system, processes, procedures
8. access control, auditing, encryption
9. who can connect, what can be done to the database
10. multiple concurrent operations, shared, exclusive, no other lock can acquire the current data object, needs to change data
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
built-in encryption mechanism
1.
内置的加密机制
2.
recovery from hardware failure
2.
从硬件故障中恢复
3.
physical data structure
3.
物理数据结构
4.
parallel synchronous replication
4.
并行同步复制
5.
database management system
5.
管理信息系统
6.
RDBMS
6.
关系型数据库管理系统
7.
SSL
7.
加密套接字协议层
8.
concurrent operation
8.
并行操作, 同时操作
9.
database model
9.
数据库模型
10.
dead lock
10.
死锁
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
哈希桶
1.
hash bucket
2.
层次模型
2.
hierarchical model
3.
中间结果
3.
intermediate result
4.
嵌套循环连接
4.
nested loop join
5.
网络模型
5.
network model
6.
主索引
6.
primary index
7.
查询语言
7.
query language
8.
实时
8.
real time
9.
关系模型
9.
relational model
10.
有序列表
10.
sorted list
IV. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the forms if necessary.
1. data structure 2. columns 3. products 4. inventory 5. information
6. individuals 7. sorted 8. relatively 9. relational 10. sound clips
V. Translate the following passage from English to Chinese:
有许多不同类型的数据库管理系统，范围从运行在个人计算机上的小系统到大型机上的大系统。下面是数据库应用的例子：
·计算机化的图书馆系统
·自动取款机
·航班预定系统
·计算机化的部件库存系统
从技术角度来说，数据库管理系统的区别很大。术语关系、网络、平面和层级都指数据库管理系统组织信息的内在方法。内部组织能够影响抽取信息的速度和灵活性。
数据库中的信息可以以多种格式展现。大部分数据库管理系统都有一个报告编写程序，你可以用报告的形式输出数据。大多数数据库管理系统也有一个图形部件，你可以用图形和图表的形式输出信息。
Text B
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. Structured Query Language, a standard interactive and programming language
2. SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, the SELECT command.
3. the GROUP BY clause
4. inserts data into a table
5. to pass in each of the values, to insert the data from a select statement
6. to update a record or set of records in a single table, filtering the data in the table, the source of the data
7. remove all the data from your table
8. SQL Server uses the index automatically
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
Books OnLine
1.
联机书籍，联机手册
2.
mathematical function
2.
数学函数
3.
roll up
3.
大量积累
4.
foreign key constraint
4.
外部键约束
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
代码样本
1.
code sample
2.
使匹配，使调协，使配合
2.
match up
3.
涉及，关系到…
3.
relate to
4.
记录集合
4.
set of record
Text C
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. "objects", their interactions, the 1960s
2. the abstract characteristics, behaviors
3. the actual object
4. sends data to another object, invoke a method, interfacing
5. modelling classes appropriate to the problem, inheritance for a given aspect of the problem, conceals the functional details of a class
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
discrete event simulation
1.
离散事件模拟
2.
Object-oriented programming
2.
面向对象编程
3.
prototype-based programming
3.
基于原型的编程
4.
Parametric Polymorphism
4.
参数多态性
5.
class-based programming
5.
基于类的编程
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
算法语言
1.
Algorithmic Language
2.
方法调用
2.
method calling
3.
父类
3.
parent class
4.
模拟语言
4.
Simulation Language
5.
虚方法
5.
virtual method
Lesson8 Computer Network
Text A
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. multiple computers connected together, sharing data, resources, communication
2. personal area network (PAN), local area network (LAN), campus area network (CAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), or wide area network (WAN)
3. connection method, functional relationship, network topology, services provided, protocol
4. communication among computer devices, computer buses, USB, FireWire
5. covering a small geographic area, Ethernet technology
6. governmental, academic, public, the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), ARPA of the U.S. Department of Defense
7. allow computers to communicate over a computer network
8. the connectivity of a segment of a network
9. directs traffic to the correct node
10. forwards data packets along networks, the best path to forward the packets
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
active networking
1.
主动式网络
2.
bus network
2.
总线网
3.
data link layer
3.
数据链路层
4.
home computer network
4.
家庭计算机网络
5.
mesh network
5.
网状网
6.
network layer
6.
网络层
7.
optical cable
7.
光缆
8.
reference model
8.
参考模型
9.
ring network
9.
环型网
10.
star network
10.
星型网
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
缩写
完整形式
中文意义
1.
TCP
Transfer Control Protocol
传输控制协议
2.
NIC
Network Interface Card
网卡
3.
IP
Internet Protocol
网际协议
4.
MAC
Media Access Control
介质访问控制
5.
DSL
Digital Subscriber Line
数字用户线路
6.
ICMP
Internet Control Messages Protocol
网间控制报文协议
7.
LAN
Local Area Network
局域网, 本地网
8.
MAN
Metropolitan area network
城域网
9.
OSI
Pen System Interconnect Reference Model
开放式系统互联参考模型
10.
WAN
Wide area network
广域网
IV. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the forms if necessary.
1. separate…into 2. network stack 3. transporting 4. layer 5. isolated
6. interact with 7. adjacent to 8. protocols 9. TCP/IP 10. older
V. Translate the following passage from English to Chinese:
计算机网络的基本元素包括硬件、软件和协议。这些基本元素之间的相互联系构成了网络的基础。
网络基础是相互连接的局域网（LAN）或广域网（WAN）节点的拓扑结构。这些连接包括用电缆（铜线、光缆等）或无线技术连接的像路由器、交换机、网桥和集线器这样的设备。
如果我们把网络看作道路、高速公路、铁路和其他交通方法的话，网络协议就是“交通规则”。网络协议定义了网络中两种设备通讯的方法。网络协议规范首先规定网络设备如何接入基础网络。例如，线电压、载波信号、指定可以使用的信号线的类型，这些都必须规定。这样看来，网络协议包括对管理网络拥塞以及应用程序通信与交换数据的方法的规范。
Text B
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. the Cold War
2. the University of California-Los Angeles, Stanford University, the University of California-Santa Barbara, the University of Utah.
3. Telnet, The File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
4. the BITNET, major university
5. the World Wide Web, Web browsers
6. connection and log-on software, Web browser, E-mail manager and editor
7. establish his or her identity and authorization.
8. nearly every Internet-connected device will communicate wirelessly.
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
address information
1.
地址信息
2.
emergency military communication system
2.
应急军用通讯系统
3.
centralized system
3.
集中系统
4.
packet switching
4.
包交换技术
5.
Internet-smart appliance
5.
智能化因特网应用
6.
HTTP
6.
超文本传输协议
7.
Internet service provider
7.
因特网服务提供者
8.
URL
8.
统一资源定位符
9.
Wide Area Index Search
9.
广域索引搜索
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
铜线
1.
copper wire
2.
分布式的计算机系统
2.
distributed system
3.
域名
3.
domain name
4.
信息高速公路
4.
information superhighway
5.
互动游戏
5.
interactive game
6.
邮件表
6.
mailing lists
7.
办公软件套件，办公软件包
7.
office suite
8.
印刷机
8.
printing press
9.
搜索引擎
9.
search engine
Text C
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. wireless phones do, signals, created
2. the air, pick up that signal, a router that offers security features
3. go wireless, a cord-free Internet connection
4. come true, receive a wireless signal, transmit this to your computer
5. purchasing wireless keyboards, mice, send a wire-free signal to your computer, require no special routers or devices
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
ireless wave
1.
无线电波
2.
wireless Internet adapter
2.
无线因特网适配器，无线因特网卡
3.
computer-driven device
3.
计算机驱动的设备
4.
so to speak
4.
可以说，可谓
5.
be equipped with
5.
装备，配备
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
接通
1.
hook up
2.
获得
2.
pick up
3.
插上电源
3.
plug in
4.
按部就班的，一步步的
4.
step-by-step
5.
无线设备
5.
wireless device
Lesson9 Computer Network Application
Text A
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, communication language or protocol of the Internet
2. Transmission Control Protocol, the assembling of a message or file, smaller packets, the Internet, the original message
3. Internet Protocol, the address part of each packet
4. point-to-point, another point or host computer
5. "stateless", a new request
6. the Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP), the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), encapsulate the IP packets
7. the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP), the Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP), the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
8. handling the actual delivery of the data, the individual units of data (called packets)
9. connection-oriented protocol, to be exchanged, at each end
10. Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4)
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
1.
点对点协议
2.
Open System Interconnect Reference Model (OSI)
2.
开放式系统互联参考模型
3.
Internet Control Messages Protocol(ICMP)
3.
网间控制报文协议
4.
Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP)
4.
内部网关协议
5.
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)
5.
串行线路接口协议
6.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
6.
简单邮件传输协议
7.
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)
7.
外部网关协议
8.
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
8.
边界网关协议
9.
TCP/IP
9.
传输控制协议/网际协议
10.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
10.
用户数据报协议
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
客户机/服务器模式
1.
client/server model
2.
无连接协议
2.
connectionless protocol
3.
拨号电话连接
3.
dial-up phone connection
4.
主机
4.
host computer
5.
以...的形式
5.
in the form of
6.
记录，监视
6.
keep track of
7.
原始信息，原来消息
7.
original message
8.
特殊用途, 单一用途
8.
special purpose
9.
处理，照顾
9.
take care of
10.
传输层
10.
transport layer
IV. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the forms if necessary.
1. developed 2. vendors 3. delivered 4. remote logon 5. LAN
6. network 7. global 8. sustain 9. node 10. automatic recovery
V. Translate the following passage from English to Chinese:
TCP/IP代表传输控制协议/网际协议组。TCP/IP在1983年创建以取代NCP，因为TCP/IP能够成功地转换来自各种网络的所有形状和大小的包。由于TCP/IP能够把任一网络的计算机系统中的包转换到其他网络中，而不用考虑网络的特性、操作系统差异以及包的区别，所以TCP/IP已经成为因特网、局域网和广域网的支柱。
TCP/IP协议组指计算机在因特网中用来传输数据的几个独立的协议。下面是最常用的四个TCP/IP协议：
IP —网际协议是一个在主机之间传输数据的网络层协议。
TCP — 传输控制协议是一个在应用程序之间传输多个包数据的传输层协议。
UDP — 像TCP一样，用户数据报协议是一个传输层协议，但没有TCP复杂和可靠。
ICMP —网间控制报文协议传输网络错误信息和其他网络软件需求。
Text B
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. Bob Metcalfe, PARC /Xerox Corporation’s Palo Alto Research Center, 1973
2. local area, within a single building
3. The nodes, information
4. reaches every attached node
5. carrier-sense multiple access, regulates communication among nodes
6. a collision domain, causing a collision
7. short enough, receive each other's signals, with minimal delay
8. reduce unnecessary traffic, the frame
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
megabits per second (Mbps)
1.
每秒兆字节
2.
in close proximity
2.
与...极接近
3.
CSMA/CD
3.
带有冲突检测的载波侦听多路存取
4.
broadcast address
4.
广播地址
5.
coaxial copper cable
5.
同轴铜缆
6.
in a radial pattern
6.
以放射状
7.
be analogous to
7.
类似于..., 与...相似
8.
carrier sense
8.
载波侦听
9.
collision detection
9.
冲突检测
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
目的地址
1.
destination address
2.
电干扰
2.
electrical interference
3.
以太网
3.
Ethernet network
4.
简称, 缩写
4.
for short
5.
局域，本地
5.
local area
6.
多路存取，多路访问
6.
multiple access
7.
源地址
7.
source address
8.
来自，起源于
8.
stem from
9.
双绞线
9.
twisted pair
Text C
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. help people find information stored on other sites, They search the Internet — or select pieces of the Internet — based on important words; They keep an index of the words they find, and where they find them; they allow users to look for words or combinations of words found in that index.
2. the words within the page, where the words were found
3. choosing which of the several possible meanings for these words is correct, add meta tags that fit very popular topics, the actual contents of the page
4. the information stored with the data, the method by which the information is indexed
5. AND, OR, NOT, FOLLOWED BY, NEAR, Quotation Marks
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
natural-language queries
1.
自然语言查询
2.
spin out of control
2.
失控
3.
select pieces of the Internet
3.
指定的因特网范围
4.
Web crawling
4.
爬网
5.
hash table
5.
哈希表
6.
domain name server (DNS)
6.
域名服务器
7.
save storage space
7.
节省存储空间
8.
active page
8.
活动页面
9.
natural-language queries
9.
自然语言查询
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
布尔算子, 逻辑算子，逻辑运算符
1.
Boolean operator
2.
平均分布
2.
evenly distribute
3.
关键字
3.
key word
4.
多(重意)义
4.
multiple meaning
5.
数值
5.
numerical value
6.
最佳性能
6.
peak performance
7.
引号
7.
quotation mark
8.
网页
8.
Web page
9.
布尔算子, 逻辑算子，逻辑运算符
9.
Boolean operator
Lesson10 Computer Security
Text A
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. confidentiality, integrity, availability, the individuals, customs, the particular organization
2. the concealment of information or resources, implement controls to enforce a "need to know" principle
3. confidentiality, cryptography, data, incomprehensible
4. the trustworthiness, preventing improper, unauthorized change, data integrity (the content of the information), origin integrity (the source of the data, often called authentication)
5. prevention mechanisms, detection mechanisms, change data which she has no authority to change, change the data in other ways
6. compromised, the correctness, the trustworthiness, assumptions about the source of the data, about trust in that source
7. use the information or resource desired, reliability, system design
8.disclosure, or unauthorized access to information; deception, or acceptance of false data; disruption, or interruption or prevention of correct operation; usurpation, or unauthorized control of some part of a system
9. disclosure, deception, usurpation
10. Repudiation of origin, Denial of receipt, Delay, Denial of service
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
secondary system server
1.
副服务器，第二系统服务器，次系统服务器
2.
man-in-the-middle attack
2.
中间人攻击
3.
prevention mechanism
3.
预防机制
4.
take into account
4.
重视, 考虑
5.
denial of service attack
5.
拒绝服务攻击
6.
repudiation of origin
6.
否认发出
7.
authentication service
7.
认证服务，鉴定服务
8.
cryptographic key
8.
密钥
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
否认收到
1.
denial of receipt
2.
拒绝服务
2.
Denial of service
3.
拒绝访问，拒绝存取
3.
deny access
4.
检测机制
4.
detection mechanism
5.
网络元件，网络部件
5.
network components
6.
恢复知觉, 恢复
6.
recover from
7.
统计模式，统计模型
7.
statistical model
8.
用户或系统的行为
8.
user or system action
IV. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the forms if necessary.
1. unauthorized 2. altered 3. detectable 4. restricted 5. be entitled to
6. qualified 7. originators 8. in fact 9. availability 10. maintain
V. Translate the following passage from English to Chinese:
计算机安全技术基于逻辑。就安全行为是什么而言，还没有一个通用的标准概念。“安全”这个概念在不同的情况下有不同含义。安全与计算机应用功能无关，而是其辅助。因此，安全对计算机应用进行必要的限制。
有几种方法可以是计算安全，有时也可以是几种方法的组合。
1．相信所有软件都遵守安全方针，但是软件不可信（这是计算机不安全）。
2．相信所有软件都遵守安全方针，但是软件被证实是可信的（例如通过冗长乏味的分部和渠道分析）
3．不相信任何软件，但用不值得信任的机制实施安全方针（这也是计算机不安全）。
不相信任何软件，但用值得信任的机制实施安全方针。
Text B
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. they share some of the traits of biological viruses
2. the same psychology that drives vandals, the thrill of watching things blow up, bragging rights, or the thrill of doing it
3. load viruses into memory, background, infect the boot sector on hard disks
4. a small program, loads, how to load the rest of the operating system
5. March 1999, on May 4, 2000, E-mail viruses.
6. copy itself from machine to machine, computer time, network bandwidth, payloads, security hole
7. 1) Replicate itself for the first 20 days of each month
2) Replace Web pages on infected servers with a page featuring the message "Hacked by Chinese"
3) Launch a concerted attack on the White House Web site in an attempt to overwhelm it.
8. how to protect your computer from viruses
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
back door
1.
后门，秘密途径
2.
spread like wildfire
2.
像野火般迅速传播，成燎原之势
3.
Macro Virus Protection
3.
宏病毒防护
4.
virus protection software
4.
防病毒软件
5.
social engineering techniques
5.
社会工程学技术
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
生物病毒
1.
biological viruse
2.
引导扇区
2.
boot sector
3.
可执行文件病毒
3.
executable viruses
4.
安全漏洞
4.
security hole
5.
特洛伊木马
5.
Trojan horse
Text C
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. hacker
2. the network hacker subculture, technology
3. a computer intruder, concealing identity
4. non-malicious reasons, commit terrorism, social, religious, governmental
5. security exploit, vulnerability scanner, packet sniffer, spoofing attack, Trojan horse, virus, worm,
II. Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese.
1.
script kiddie
1.
脚本少年
2.
vulnerability scanner
2.
漏洞扫描程序，漏洞扫描器
3.
pre-packaged automated tools
3.
打包好的自动工具软件
4.
Trojan War
4.
特洛伊战争
5.
Packet Sniffer
5.
封包探测器，封包监听器
6.
credit card fraud
6.
信用卡诈骗
7.
data packet
7.
数据包
III. Translate the following terms and phrases into English.
1.
知识产权
1.
intellectual property
2.
按键记录器
2.
key logger
3.
端口扫描器，端口扫描程序
3.
port scanner
4.
进程表
4.
process tables
5.
安全探测
5.
security exploit
6.
漏洞分析
6.
Vulnerability analysis
Lesson11 eCommerce
Text A
I. Complete the following sentences according to the information in the text.
1. eBusiness, information and communication technologies (ICT)
2. more strategic focus, electronic capabilities, a subset
3. the World Wide Web, the Internet, clients and partners, knowledge management systems
4. supply chain management, processing orders electronically, business partners
5. commerce transactions between businesses
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