现代大学英语精读第二版book2unit2PPT课件

SayYesTobiasWolffReinforcementTextAnalysisBackgroundWarmingupUnit2SayYesQuestions/ActivitiesCheck-onPreviewObjectivesWarmingupUnit2SayYesQuestions/ActivitiesFormgroupsoffour,discussthefollowingtwoquestions,andkeeparecordofyouropinionstoseewhethertheywillchangeasthetextisanalyzedindetail.Isthemanagoodhusband?Citetextualevidencetosupportyourview.Isthemanaracist?Citetextualevidencetosupportyourview.WarmingupCheck-onPreviewWarminguppitchinonpinchresorttomopspraysnapthroughdemonstratebluroutcomeupwiththistrickthehouseworkthesilverwarethefloorherbrowsherindifferencethepagestherightanswerthestarsMatchtheverbswiththenouns.MarkthefollowingstatementsT,fortrueandFforfalse.Thestoryissetinthe1960sintheUSwhenracialissueswerehotoneverybody’smindandlips.Thestoryhappenedbetweentwomiddle-agedpeoplewhohadbeenmarriedforabout30years.Themanhadneverthoughtthathewasaracistandfeltgreatlywrongedbyhiswifewhoimpliedthis.Themanwasconsiderate,rationalandforgivingwhilehiswifewasselfish,emotionalandridiculous.Thehusbandhadknownallalongwhathiswifewantedfromhim,butsimplydidn’twanttogiveintoher.Afterthehusbandturnedoffthelight,someonebrokeintotheirhouseandmadesomestrangenoise.FTTFTFCheck-onPreviewWarmingupObjectivesKnowsomethingabouttheauthorandhisworks.GathersomebackgroundinformationaboutracismandsexismintheUS.Learntoappreciatetheshortstory.Masterthelanguageitemslisted.Understandthestoryandappreciateitssubtletyasmuchaspossible.Thinkaboutthethemesofthestoryandformyourownopinions.WarmingupBackgroundCultureTipsAuthorGenreTimeUnit2SayYesBackgroundHisLifeTobiasWolff(1945-)BorninAlabamaUSAin1945.Parentsdivorcedwhenhewasaboy;traveledwidelywithhismother;soonforcedtoendurelifeunderhisstrictandcruelstepfather.From1964to1968,lieutenantwiththeU.S.ArmySpecialForces(GreenBerets)inVietnam.B.A.(1972)andM.A.(1975)fromOxfordUniversitywithFirstClassHonorsinEnglish,asecondM.A.fromStanford.Areveredwriter&teacherofcreativewritingandliteratureinStanfordandelsewhere.BackgroundHisWorksShortstories(OHenryAward):“IntheGardenoftheNorthAmericanMartyrs”(1981)“NextDoor”(1982)“Sister”(1985) OurStoryBegins(shortstorycollectionin2003,TheStoryPrizein2004)Memoirs:ThisBoy’sLife:AMemoir(1989)InPharaoh'sArmy:MemoriesoftheLostWar(1994)Novels:TheBarrack'sThief(1984,PEN/FauknerAwardforFiction)OldSchool(2003)ThisBoy’sLifeFilmPosterBackgroundHisStyleAdirectwritingstyle,obeyingthe“show,don’ttell”maxim,leavingmuchtothereader’sintuitionNon-dramatic,focusingmoreonthepsychologicaldimensionsofacharacterindilemmasthanonplotdevelopmentOftenunderstated,forcingreaderstobecomeengagedinthecollectionofstrandsthatwillresultinthefullcomprehensionofastory.Exploringalienation,thenatureoflying,andtheessentialfoundationsofrelationshipsHopingtoinstructandinspirepeopletotriumphovertheirsituationsthroughcharacterchangeanddevelopmentBackgroundTimeThe1980swasadecadeledbyRepublicanpolicy.RonaldReagantookofficeaspresidentoftheUnitedStatesin1980,servedtwoterms,andthenwassucceededbyhisvicepresident,GeorgeBush.Reaganheldconservativepoliticalbeliefs,bothonthedomesticfrontandwhenitcametoforeignpolicy.Althoughhiseconomicprogramsbroughtthenationalinflationratedown,theyalsoseemedtofavorthewealthy.Bythe1980s,astheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionbuiltupastockpileofnuclearweapons,thecoldwarhadbeenongoingforalmostfortyyears.Reagan,anardentopponentofcommunism,encouragedhisadministrationtogreatlyincreasemilitaryspending.TheRepublicanYearsBackgroundCultureTipsDefinition:Racismisprejudiceordiscriminationbasedonthebeliefthatraceistheprimaryfactordetermininghumantraitsandabilities.Racismincludesthebeliefthatgeneticorinheriteddifferencesproducetheinherentsuperiorityorinferiorityofoneraceoveranother.Institutionalracism:e.g.theJimCrowlawsintheUSfrom1876to1965mandatingsegregationinallpublicfacilitiesinthesouthernstatesoftheformerConfederacywithasupposedly“separatebutequal”statusfortheblackAmericans;officiallyoverruledwiththeCivilRightsActof1964andtheVotingRightsActof1965.Overtandsubtleracism:TheCivilRightsMovementdidawaymuchovertracism,butracismpersistsinmanysubtleforms,inmanyaspectsandonmanylevels.RacismBackgroundCultureTipsRace&MarriageDespitethepublicoppositiontointerracialmarriage,in1948,theCaliforniaSupremeCourtbecamethefirststatehighcourttodeclareabanoninterracialmarriageunconstitutional.Thedecisionwascontroversial,courageousandcorrect.Atthattime,38statesstillforbadeinterracialmarriage,andsixdidsobystateconstitutionalprovision.Then,in1967,theU.S.SupremeCourtstruckdowntheremaininginterracialmarriagelawsnation-wide.BackgroundCultureTipsSexismAswithracism,overtsexismisnotverymuchondisplaynowinmuchoftheworld.Butsubtlesexismpersistsandcanbefoundeverywhereatalltime.Itisaclusterofsocialexpectationsandpracticesthatreinforcesex-basedinequality.Forexample:Atschool:moreboysinscienceclassesandmoregirlsinartsclasses(boysarelogicalwhilegirlsareimaginative)Atwork:amalebossandafemalesecretary,andrarelytheotherwayaround(wehave“careerwomen”and“familymen”butno“careermen”and“familywomen”)Athome:houseworkregardedasthewife’sresponsibilitywhethershehasafull-timejobornot(thehusbandreputedasaconsiderateonebecausehe“pitchedinonthehousework”)BackgroundGenreAShortStorySetting:kitchen,cleaningupafterdinner,USA,1980sCharacters:husband&wife,white,middle-aged,middle-classConflict:differentviewsoninterracialmarriagesPlot:casualtalk,argument,fight,hurtfeelings,failedattemptatreconciliationNarrativepointofview:3rdperson,thehusbandCharacterization:showinginsteadoftellingDetailedAnalysisStructureThemeTextAnalysisUnit2SayYesTextAnalysisThemeThethemeofthisstoryiseverybody’sguess.Sowhatisyours?Attitudestowardsinterracialmarriages(racism)?Man-womanrelationships(feminism)?Theunreasonablenatureofwomen?Thearroganceofmen?Theimpossibilityofeffectivecommunication?/Alienationinmodernsociety?TextAnalysisStructureTheargument:Thehusbanddisapprovedinterracialmarriagesonthegroundofculturaldifferenceswhilethewifeapprovedonthegroundoflove.Thewound:Thewifewashurt;thehusbandhelpedherquicklyandhopedshewouldrewardhimbylettinggoofthetopic.Thequestion:Thewifepersistentlyaskedwhetherherhusbandwouldmarryherifshewereblackandgotastraightnointheend.Theanger:Thehusbandfeltdeeplyhurtbyhiswife’sindifferencetohimbutthendecidedtoforgiveheroutoflove.Thestranger:Whenthehusbandtriedtomakeupwithhiswife,hefoundherastrangerdespitethreedecadesofmarriage.Para.1-18Para19-24Para25-44Para45-48Para49-57TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartI:MainIdeaWhatisthesettingofthestory?(thefictionaltime,thehistoricaltime,theplace)Whoarethemaincharacters?Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?Whatistheconflictofthestory?Howdidthewifefeelwhenherhusbandsaiditwasabadideaforwhitepeopletomarryblackpeople?Howdidthehusbandshowthathewasnotaracist?Whyshouldn’twhitepeoplemarryblackpeople,accordingtothehusband?Isthisreasonjustifiable?Howdidthewiferetortherhusband?TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartI:SentenceParaphraseAfewmonthsearlierhe’doverheardafriendofhiswife’scongratulatingheronhavingsuchaconsideratehusband.(para.1)Questions:Howdidthemanearnthereputationofaconsideratehusband?Whatdoyouthinkofthisreputation?Whatdidthehusbandfeelabouthisreputation?TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartI:SentenceParaphraseSometimeshiswifegotthislookwhereshepinchedherbrowstogetherandbitherlowerlip.Whenhesawherlikethisheknewheshouldkeephismouthshut,butheneverdid.Actuallyitmadehimtalkmore.(para.4)Question:Whatdoesthisshowaboutthehusband?relativeadverbintroducingarelativeclausetomodify“look”Compare:Hewaswonderingaboutthestrangelookthathesawonthefaceofhiswife.(relativepronoun)Whenheisdispleasedhehasthislookwherehiseyesarenarrowedandbrowscloselyknitted.(relativeadverb)Isawamovielastnightwhichwasrealjunk.Isawamovielastnightwheretherewasalotofviolence.TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartI:SentenceParaphrase“Butthat’sdifferent.Apersonfromtheircultureandapersonfromourculturecouldneverreallyknoweachother.”“Likeyouknowme?”hiswifeasked.“Yes.LikeIknowyou.”…“Howcanyouunderstandsomeonewhocomesfromacompletelydifferentbackground?”“Different,”saidhiswife.“Notthesame,likeus.”“Yes,different,”hesnapped,angrywithherforresortingtothistrickofrepeatinghiswordssothattheysoundedhypocritical.(para.10-18)Questions:Whydidthewifeconstantlybringthemselvesinforcomparison?Dotheyreallyknoweachother?TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartI:Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesGrammarWordsoverhear;somehow;snapPhrasesdo/drythedishes;pitchin(on/withsth.);congratulatesb.onsth.;allthingsconsidered;takemywordforit;breakup;resorttoSentencePatternidon’tneedyoucomingalongandimplying…Grammar…thislookwhereshepinchedherbrows…TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartI:ExerciseTranslatethefollowingsentences,andpayspecialattentiontotheunderlinedparts.Mybrotherpitchedinwithanoffertoloanussomemoney.我弟弟主动借钱给我。Herhusbandreallypitchedinonhousework.她丈夫真的帮她做家务。Theentirecompanypitchedintohelp.公司所有人都来帮忙了。Channel4arrivedandsomehowcreatedadifferentrolefortelevision.第四频道开播了，从某种意义上改变了电视的作用。He'sbeenveryquietandwithdrawn,sortofdifferent,somehow.他最近非常安静内向，好像有点不一样了。TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartI:ExercisesContemporarycareerwomenoftenfindthemselvesinasituationwheretheyhavetosacrificetheircareerfortheirfamily.当代职业女性常会面临不得不为了家庭牺牲自己事业的情况。Takemywordforit,timewillhealallwoundsandcureallpains.相信我，时间会治疗一切伤痛。Don’tsnapatme!It’snotmyfaultthatyoulostyourwallet!别冲我嚷嚷！你丢了钱包又不是我的错！Shesnappedthesuitcaseshutandleftangrily.她啪的一声关上手提箱，怒气冲冲地走掉了。Peopleoftenresorttobodylanguagewhenwordsfail.词不达意时人们常借助于肢体语言。TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartII:MainIdeaWhatdidthehusbanddowhenthewife’sfingergothurt?Whatdoesthisshow?Whatdidthehusbandexpectfromhiswife?Whatdoesthisshow?Isthecutsymbolicofsomething?TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartII:SentenceParaphraseHehopedthatsheappreciatedhowquicklyhehadcometoheraid.He’dactedoutofconcernforher,hethoughtthatitwouldbeanicegestureonherpartnottostartupthatconversationagain,ashewastiredofit.(para.21)donebyhercometohelpherbecausehecaredaboutherQuestion:Whatdoesthisshowaboutthehusband?Paraphrasing:Hehopedthathiswifewasgratefulthathehadhelpedhersoquickly.Hediditbecausehereallycaredaboutherandhethoughtthatsheshouldshowherconcernforhiminreturnbynotcontinuingtheconversationbecausehedidnotwantto.TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartII:Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentencePatternGrammarWordsplunge;rummage;dabPhrasesoutofconcernfor;onherpartSentencePatternGrammarTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartII:ExerciseTranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingwordsinthebrackets.1.他把脸扎进一盆冷水里，想借此清醒清醒头脑。(plunge)Heplungedhisfaceintoabowlofcoldwatertoclearuphismind.2.现在看来什么也不能阻止这个国家陷入一片混乱。(plunge)Itseemsthatnothingcansavethecountryfromitsplungeintochaos.3.有些婚姻因性格不合而破裂，有的因原则问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 而破裂。(break)Somemarriagesbreakupbecauseofpersonalityclashesandsomebecauseofprincipleproblems.4.我们会尽可能地提供帮助，但也需要你们做出努力。(part)We’lldoallwecantohelpbuteffortsonyourpartarealsorequired.5.为了关心在寒冷的冬夜里无家可归的人们，政府设立了这些临时收容所。(concern)Thegovernmentsetupthesetemporarysheltersoutofconcernforthehomelessonthecoldwinternights.TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartIII:MainIdeaHowdidthewifepursuetheargumentafterthehusbanddressedherwound?Whydidshedoso?“TheonlyblackgirlIeverknewwasmypartnerinthedebatingclub.”(para.28)Isthisremarkcontrarytowhathesaidinthefirstpart?Whatdidthehusbandmeanwhenhesaid“ifyouwereblackyouwouldn'tbeyou?”Doyouagree?Whydidthehusbandfeelcornered?Didthehusbandknowwhatwasexpectedofhim?Whydidthehusbandrefusetosay“yes”?TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartIII:SentenceParaphraseTherewasnopossiblewayofarguingwiththefactthatshewouldnotbeherselfifshewereblack.(para.32)introducinganappositiveclausewhichexplainswhatthefactisQuestion:Whatdidthehusbandmean?Compare:Doyouaccepttheviewthatpeoplefromdifferentculturesshouldnotmarry?Doyouaccepttheviewthatissopopularamongthestudents?AppositiveclauseRelativeclauseTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartIII:Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentencePatternGrammarWordsspray;unattached;cornerPhrasesputitthatwaySentencePatternthefact+that+appositiveclauseGrammarsubjunctivemoodTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartIII:ExerciseComparethestructureofthesentencesandtranslatethemintoChinese.Howdoyouexplainthefactthatmymissingpurseisunderyourpillow?(appositiveclause)Howdoyouexplainthefactthatwehavejustdiscovered?(relativeclause)Whatdoyouthinkoftheideathatweputasidesomemoneyeachmonthforatripinsummerholiday?Whatdoyouthinkoftheideathatwediscussedjustnow?Ican’tacceptthereasonthatyousimplydidn’tgetmymessage.Ican’tacceptthereasonthatisclearlymadeupinahurry.TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartIII:ExerciseLearnthesubjunctivemoodinthefollowingsentences.Shewouldnotbeherselfifshewereblack.Youwouldn’thavemarriedmeifI’dbeenblack.Youwouldprobablyhavebeengoingoutwithablackguyifyouhadbeenblack.Respondtothefollowingquestions.Whatwouldyoudoifyouweregivenalargesumofmoney?Theoldwomanfoundawalletonthepavementandwaitedforhoursinthecoldwindforitsowner.Whatwouldyouhavedoneifyouhadbeeninthatsituation?Theschoolwasfundedtopulldowntheoldclassroomsandbuildnewones.Whatwouldhavebeenthestudentsdoingiftheyhadn’tbeengiventhemoney?TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartIV:MainIdeaWhatdidthewifedoafterherhusbandanswered“No”?Howdidshefeel?Howdidthehusbandreact?Why?Howdidthehusband’sfeelingschange?Whatbroughtaboutthechange?TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartIV:SentenceParaphraseHeknewthatshewastooangrytobeactuallyreadingit,butshedidn’tsnapthroughthepagesthewayhewouldhavedone.Sheturnedthemslowly,asifshewerestudyingeveryword.Shewasdemonstratingherindifferencetohim,andithadtheeffectheknewshewantedittohave.Ithurthim.Hehadnochoicebuttodemonstratehisindifferencetoher.(para.45-46)Questions:Fromwhosepointofviewisthesituationdescribed?Arethehusband’sguessesabouthiswife’sthoughtsandfeelingsreliable?Isittruethatthehusband“hadnochoice”?Whatwouldareallyconsideratehusbanddo?TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartIV:SentenceParaphraseHefeltashamedthathehadlethiswifegethimintoafight.(para.48)Questions:Whodidthehusbandblameforstartingthefight?Whydidthehusbandfeel“ashamed”?Doyounoticethesexismofthehusband?TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartV:MainIdeaHowdidthehusbandtrytomakeupwithhiswife?Whydidthewifeaskherhusbandtoturnoffthelight?Whatdidthemanexpecttohappenwhenheturnedoffthelight?Whatdoyouthinkreallyhappened?Why?Whatdoestheendingofthestoryimply?TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartV:SentenceParaphrase“I’llmakeituptoyou.Ipromise.”“How?”shesaid.Heknewthathehadtocomeupwiththerightanswer.…“I’llmarryyou,”hewhispered.“We’llsee,”shesaid.(para.49-52)Questions:Isitusualforonetoask“how”whensomeonepromisesto“makeituptoyou”?Whydidthewifeaskthisquestion?Didthehusbandreallymeanthathewouldmarryherifshewereblack?Whatdidthewifemeanbysaying“We’llsee”?TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartV:SentenceParaphraseTheroomwassilent.Hisheartpoundedthewayithadontheirfirstnighttogether,thewayitstilldidwhenhewokeatanoiseinthedarknessandwaitedtohearagain–thesoundofsomeonemovingthroughthehouse,astranger.(para.57)followedbyarelativeclausetherelativeadverb(how)ofwhichisomittedQuestions:Howdidthehusbandfeelontheirfirstnighttogether?Howdidhefeelwhenhewokeatastrangenoiseatnight?Whowasthe“stranger”?TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartIV&V:Words&ExpressionsWordsPhrasesSentencePatternWordssnap;demonstrate;blurPhrasesmopthefloor;bedone;tothewest;makeitupto/withsb.;comeupwith;reachoverSentencePatterntheway+relativeclauseGrammarsubjunctivemoodTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartIV&V:ExerciseCompletethefollowingsentences.Idon’tlike_______hetreatshisparents.Helikesobservingchildren_____play.Nowthatweareinthesupermarket,we______lookaroundandbuysomethingweneed.SorryIcan’ttakeyoutothecinematoday,butI’ll__________younextweek.I’lllendyouthebookwhenIam_________it.Haveyou_________hersinceyourfightlastweek?Ifyouhadn’tcomeupwiththatbrightideaourcompany__________(struggle)forsurvival.TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisPartIV&V:ExerciseKey:Idon’tlikethewayhetreatshisparents.Helikesobservingchildrenatplay.Nowthatweareinthesupermarket,wemightjustaswelllookaroundandbuysomethingweneed.SorryIcan’ttakeyoutothecinematoday,butI’llmakeituptoyounextweek.I’lllendyouthebookwhenIamdonewithit.Haveyoumadeitupwithhersinceyourfightlastweek?Ifyouhadn’tcomeupwiththatbrightideaourcompanywouldstillhavebeenstrugglingforsurvival.ReinforcementRetellingDiscussionUnit2SayYesReinforcementDiscussionFromwhosepointofviewisthestorytold?Howdoesthisnarrativepointofviewaffectthestory?Whatdifferencewoulditmaketochooseanotherperspective?Fromwhatthehusbandsaidanddid,ishearacistornot?Inwhatsenseisthemanaconsideratehusband?Inwhatsenseishenot?Doyounoticesexualinequalityintherelationshipbetweenthehusbandandthewife?Explainyourself.ReinforcementRetellingChooseonetopicSupposeyouwerethehusbandandtellthestoryofthatnighttoyourfriends.Supposeyouwerethewifeandtellthestoryofthatnighttoyourfriends.