高考英语阅读系列(12套)高考英语阅读系列2

高考英语阅读系列（2） A It has been shown that children who smoke have certain characteristics. Compared with non-smokers they are more rebellious, their work deteriorates as they move up school, they are more likely to leave school early, and are more often delinquent and sexually precocious. Many of these features can be summarised as anticipation of adulthood. There are a number of factors which determine the onset of smoking, and these are largely psychological and social. They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing tough, anticipation of adulthood, social confidence, the example of parents and teachers, and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters. It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact this has proved very difficult. The example set by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance. School rules should forbid smoking by children on the premises. This rule has been introduced at Summerhill School where I spent my schooldays. There is, however, a risk of children smoking just to rebel against the rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporal punishment there is as much smoking as in other schools. Nevertheless, banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial. Teachers too should not smoke on school premises, at least not in front of children. 1. In this passage the author puts an emphasis on _____. A) the effect of smoking among children B) the difficulty in preventing children from smoking C) the reasons why children start smoking D) the measures to ban smoking among children Key： B。文章第一段提及学童抽烟的危害（A）；第二段述及其原因（C）；而第三段及第四段则侧重讲述防止学童染上抽烟恶习之难，即使采取一些措施（D），也未必收到预期的效果。故 B）项内容显然是文章的侧重点。 2. Which of the following is a common characteristic of young smokers? A) Disobedience B) Laziness C) Lack of intelligence D) Vanity Key：A。第二段第二句谈及“rebelliousness”是青少年抽烟的心理因素之一，而第四段又提到孩童抽烟“just to rebel against the rules”，故在四个选项中仅 disobedience切合此意。其它三点，文章均未提及。 3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A) Some children start to smoke out of curiosity. B) Many children start to smoke because they want to appear mature. C) In order to have fewer children smokers, parents, teachers and health care workers should not smoke. D) It is not as difficult to prevent children from starting to smoke as to disuade adults from smoking. Key；D。 选项A)、B）、C）的内容在文章中皆有所提及，而选项D）的含意正好和作者的观点相反，故not true。 4. The writer concludes that school rules to forbid smoking _____. A) should be introduced, for it really works at the school where he once studied. B) should not be introduced, for it may cause disturbance. C) should be introduced though it may not work effectively. D) needn't be introduced as long as teachers don't smoke in front of children. Key：C。文章最后一段即阐明此点。 5. The author's attitude towards his writing is _____. A) objective B) emotional C) critical D) indifferent Key：A。本文笔调客观，不带有主观褒贬或个人感情色彩。 B When astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time, on July 20,1969, it represented one of the most inspiring achievements in man's history to millions of people throughout the world. But to a small organization called the International Flat Earth Research Society, it was nothing more than a piece of cleverly stage-managed science-fiction trickery. And Armstrong's historic words when stepping down from the Eagle module onto the dusty lunar surface about 240,000 miles from earth - "one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind" - was a phrase that could have come only from the pen of a scriptwriter. As for the pictures reputedly taken in space showing the earth to be a rotating sphere, well, they were just too ludicrous for words. The sun,say the Flat Earthers,circuits the earth instead of the earth revolving around the sun - a notion that most people take for granted. The society, whose membership is currently estimated to be about 1,400, dismisses much of accepted modem thinking about the shape of the earth as sheer nonsense and is convinced that the entire human race is being subjected to the greatest hoax in history. From its headquarters in Lancaster, California, the society wages a war of words through newsletters and pamphlets against the evils of science. The society was founded about 1800 in Great Britain and the United States and, says its American president Charles Johnson,was descended from the Zetetic society, which took its name from an ancient Greek philosophical school of skeptics. It survived under this name until 1956, when its general secretary, Samuel Shenton,of Kent, England, changed the name to the present title. The society's belief is this: that the earth is flat, with the land masses grouped around the central point of the North Pole. The Antarctic region is not the compact island mass it is commonly believed to be but an impenetrable ice-cold girdle around the earth. The Flat Earthers argue that transantarctic expeditions have never happened. Explorers, misled by instrument faults, merely traveled an icy arc within the girdle. 6. To the International Flat Earth Research Society, man's first landing on the moon was A) one of the most inspiring events in man's history B) only a well-conducted experiment C) just a smartly-performed trick D) a science-fiction piece produced by a certain scriptwriter Key；C。见第一段最后一句：“But to… the International Flat Earth Rearch Society… it was nothing more than a piece of cleverly stage-managed science-fiction trickery"。 7. Which of the following is NOT true about the society? A) It now has about 1,400 members. B) Its headquarters are in both Great Britain and the United States. C) After its foundation in 1800, it was called the Zetetic Society. D) In 1956, Samuel Shenton changed its name to the present title. Key；B。第五段第一句即提及“its headquarters in Lancaster”，说明B）项是错误的。 8. According to the society's belief,_____. A) the earth is flat and the Arctic is an impenetrable icecold girdle around the earth B) the Antarctic region is a compact island mass C) some explorers had made successful transantarctic expeditions D) much of the accepted modem thinking about the shape of the earth is sheer nonsense Key；D。 A）项中 Arctic不对，应为“Antarctic”；B)项内容正好与The society's belief相反；文中最后一段说 transantarctic expeditions have never happened," 故C）项也不对。 9. Which of the following is an appropriate title for the passage? A) The International Flat Earth Research Society B) Man's First Landing on the Moon — C) The Zetetic Society D) The Evils of Science Key：A。 B）项、C）项仅涉及枝节内容，D）项或许在该society看来如此，但不宜用作文章标 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ，而A）项则能概括 全文 企业安全文化建设方案企业安全文化建设导则安全文明施工及保证措施创建安全文明校园实施方案创建安全文明工地监理工作情况 ，可为标题。 10. This piece is written _____. A) in a matter-of-fact way B) in a sarcastic tone C) with a touch of irony D) as a joke Key；C。作者看似客观地陈述the society的观点，但文章一开始即正面阐明登月实属鼓舞人心的科学成就，而该协会却持有此种观点，自然不无暗讽之意。 C People can be addicted to different things — e. g. , alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive; i. e. ,they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders. They feel that they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is irrational — impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit.charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy. There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, of ten buy things that they don't need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game. When they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason. It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also businesspeople. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business: They consider people's needs for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods. Psychologists often use a method called "behavior therapy" to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money. 11. According to the psychologists, a compulsive spender is one who spends large amounts of money ______. A) and takes great pleasure from what he or she buys B) in order to satisfy his or her basic needs in life C) just to meet his or her strong psychological need D) entirely with an irrational eagerness Key；C。第一段即指出 compulsive spender是“people who have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy”。 12. According to the writer, compulsive bargain hunters are in constant search of the lowest possible prices _____. A) because they want to save money to help their budgets B) because they can openly boast of their triumph over others in getting things for less C) and will not have money problems if they can keep to their budgets D) but they seldom admit they feel satisfied if they can get things for less than others Key；D。第二段中提及compulsive spenders "want to believe that they are helping their budgets"，其实并非如此，故A)项不符合文章原意；同一段中，作者说“they feel that they are winning”，故并非 openly boast（B）；C)项明显与文中意思不符；故此题应选D)项。 13. Which of the following is true? A) All people spend money for exactly the same reason that they need to buy things. B) Businesspeople and advertisers can use the psychology of money to increase sales. C) Businesspeople understand the psychology of compulsive buying better than scientists do. D) compulsive bargain hunters do not have problems with money. Key；B。第三段第二行“Stores…use psychology to increase business”即为B)项之意。 14. The article is mainly about_____. A) the psychology of money-spending habits B) the purchasing habits of compulsive spenders C) a special psychology of bargain hunting D) the use of the psychology of spending habits in business Key：A。 B)项、C）项仅讲述了某一方面，D）项是本文的 minor point，仅一笔带过。综观全文，A）项能概括文章的主旨。 15. From the passage we may safely conclude that compulsive spenders or compulsive bargain hunters _____. A) are really unreasonable B) need special treatment C) are really beyond remedies D) can never get any help to solve their problems with money Key；B。最后一段提及“behavior therapy”，因此可得出作者的 结论 圆锥曲线的二级结论椭圆中二级结论圆锥曲线的二级结论圆锥曲线的二级结论探究欧姆定律实验步骤 ，说明他们需要特殊治疗。 D I came across an old country guide the other day. It listed all the tradesmen in each village in my part of the country, and it was impressive to see the great variety of services which were available on one's own doorstep in the late Victorian countryside. Nowadays a superficial traveller in rural England might conclude that the only village tradesmen still flourishing were either selling frozen food to the inhabitants or selling antiques to visitors. Nevertheless, this would really be a false impression. Admittedly there has been a contraction of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable. Our local grocer's shop, for example, is actually expanding in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town. Women sensibly prefer to go there and exchange the local news while doing their shopping, instead of queueing up at a supermarket. And the proprietor knows well that personal service has a substantial cash value. His prices may be a bit higher than those in the town, but he will deliver anything at any time. His assistants think nothing of bicycling down the village street in their lunch hour to take a piece of cheese to an old age pensioner who sent her order by word of mouth with a friend who happened to be passing. The more affluent customers telephone their shopping lists and the goods are on their doorsteps within an hour. They have only to hint at a fancy for some commodity outside the usual stock and the grocer, a red-faced figure, instantly obtains it for them. The village gains from this sort of enterprise, of course. But I also find it satisfactory because a village shop offers one of the few ways in which a modest individualist can still get along in the world without attaching himself to the big battalions of industry or commerce. 16. The services available in villages nowadays are normally A) fewer but still very active B) less successful than earlier but managing to survive C) active in providing food for the village, and tourist goods D) surprisingly energetic considering the little demand for them Key：A。切会第二段最后一句原文之意：“Admittedly there has been a contraction of village commerce, but its vigor is still remarkable”。 17. The local grocer's shop is expanding _____. A) because women spend a lot of their time there just gossiping B) even though town shops are larger and rather cheaper C) in spite of the fact that people like to shop where they are less well-known D) for people get personal service in his shop Key：B。见第三段第一句“in spite of the competition from supermarkets in the nearest town”以及第四段第一句“His prices may be a bit higher"。 18. The writer implies that one disadvantage of town shops is that _____. A) their prices are higher B) people cannot telephone them C) their staff may take less trouble to satisfy customers D) one has to queue up to pay in them Key：C。第四段叙述乡村小店店员愿为顾客提供多种方便，即暗含城市商店却无此优点。 19. How do the village grocer's assistants feel about giving extra service? A) They tend to forget it. B) They will not consider it. C) It does not seem worth their while. D) They take it for granted. Key：D。第四段中“think nothing of”即为“take it for granted”之意。 20. Another aspect of personal service available in the village shop is that _____ A) there is a very wide range of goods available B) rare goods are obtained whenever they are needed C) special attention is given to the needs of wealthier customers D) goods are always restocked before they run out Key：B。 第四段最后一句"commodity outside the usual stock"说明这些是"rare goods"；"hint at a fancy"说明顾客暗示喜欢这些商品。