2017-2018学年高中英语人教版必修四教学案：Unit 2 Section 3含答案

2017-2018学年人教版高中英语必修四学案 　　　[语法初识] 原句感知 自主探究 ①Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal． ②As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output． ③Yuan Longping searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields． ④However, he doesn't care about being famous． ⑤He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah­jong, swimming and reading． ⑥Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him． ⑦Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing． ⑧He awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people． ⑨Mary's being late for class made her teacher angry． ⑩It is no use arguing with him about such a matter． (1)动词­ing(短语)(加黑部分)在句中可作主语(句①、⑥、⑦、⑨、⑩)；可作动词的宾语(句⑤)；作介词(短语)的宾语(句②、③、④、⑧)。 (2)动词­ing的复合结构作主语(句⑨)。 (3)it作形式主语，而动词­ing(短语)作真正的主语(句⑩)。 [语法剖析] 语法点一 基本用法 动词­ing形式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语、宾语补足语和状语。其基本形式如下： 及物动词(do) 不及物动词(go) 主动语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done going 完成式 having done having been done having gone Being exposed to the sun for a long time will do harm to your skin． 暴露在太阳下太长的时间会伤害你的皮肤。 He enjoys walking in the field in a summer morning． 他喜欢在夏日的早上在田间漫步。 [点津]　(1)非谓语动词­ing形式的一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而动词­ing形式的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。 (2)非谓语动词­ing形式若与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系时，需用被动语态；而不及物动词的非谓语形式无被动语态，但可有完成形式。 (3)非谓语动词­ing形式的否定式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时 not应放在逻辑主语和动词­ing形式之间。 即时演练1 1－1．写出下列句中的动词­ing(短语)所充当的成分 ①Playing with fire is dangerous． 主语 ②Would you mind opening the window？宾语 ③Having finished his paper, he handed it to his tutor．状语 ④When he walked past the playground, he saw some boys playing football happily． 宾语补足语 1－2．单句改错 ⑤Excuse me for not my coming on time． 把not放于my后 ⑥I'm sorry for having not kept my promise． having_not→not_having (一)动词­ing形式作主语 1．动词­ing形式作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词多用单数形式 Laughing often will benefit you a lot． 笑口常开好处多多。 Having lived abroad for a long time makes him homesick． 在国外生活了很久令他想家。 　[点津]　意义不同的两个动词­ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式 Writing and reading are her two hobbies． 写文章及读 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 是她的两个爱好。 2．形式主语it代替动词­ing形式作主语 (1)It is＋adj．＋doing sth． It is/feels funny doing sth．做某事(感觉)很滑稽 It is useless doing sth．做某事无用 It's worthwhile doing sth．做某事是值得的 (2)It is a waste of＋n．＋doing sth． It's a waste of time doing sth．做某事是浪费时间 (3)It is no＋n．＋doing sth． It's no good/no use/no fun doing sth．做某事没好处/没用/没意思 (4)There be＋no＋doing (joking/knowing ．．．) It is useless making such efforts． 做这样的努力是没用的。 It is a waste of time doing such work． 做这样的工作是浪费时间。 It is no good saying such words． 说那样的话没有好处。 There is no knowing how the project will be carried out． 不知道这个工程将如何实施。 即时演练2 2－1．用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①It is a waste of time trying (try) to persuade him to give up smoking． ②It is worthwhile reading/to read such a wonderful novel． ③It's no use complaining (complain) without taking action． ④There is no denying (deny) that the environment is from bad to worse． 2－2．完成句子 ⑤Reading_aloud is a good way to learn a language． 大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。 ⑥Wasting_a_person's_time is the same as killing him for his property． 浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。 (二)动词­ing形式作宾语 1．在admit, avoid, consider (考虑), enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, delay, appreciate等动词之后只能用动词­ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式 He finally admitted having made such a mistake． 他终于承认犯了那样的错误。 The little girl practises playing the piano every day． 女孩每天练习弹钢琴。 2．在动词短语give up, feel like, put off, get to (着手), object to, look forward to, devote oneself to, can't help(禁不住), can't bear/stand等之后用动词­ing形式作宾语 I'm looking forward to hearing from you． 我盼望着收到你的来信。 He devotes himself to looking into the matter． 他致力于调查这起事件的真相。 [助记] 接动词­ing作宾语的及物动词(短语)： 建议考虑坚持练 (suggest, advise, consider, insist on, practise) 允许想象弃冒险 (permit, allow, imagine, give up, risk) 阻止抵抗否逃脱 (prevent, resist, deny, escape) 不禁介意保持完 (can't help, mind, keep, finish) 耽误推迟求原谅 (delay, put off, require, forgive, excuse) 承认错过欣喜欢 (admit, miss, appreciate, enjoy) 即时演练3 3－1．用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①I often practise listening (listen) and speaking (speak)． ②The boy was lucky to escape being_punished (punish)． 3－2．完成句子 ③It is useful for someone who is trying to give up smoking． 这对于正在试图戒烟的人来说很有用。 ④I have never dreamed of visiting_that_place． 我从未梦想过要参观那个地方。 ⑤It's quite hot today． Do you feel like going_for_a_swim? 今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗？ 语法点二 动词­ing形式作宾语时，需要注意的问题 (一)某些动词及动词短语后面既可以用不定式也可以用动词­ing作宾语 1．动词begin, start, continue等后既可跟不定式，又可跟动词­ing作宾语，意义基本相同 They continued reading/to read． 他们继续朗读。 2．动词love, like, hate, prefer等后可跟动词­ing和不定式作宾语，但接动名词表示经常性的情况，接不定式表示具体的动作 I hate walking in such a rainy day．(习惯) 我不喜欢在这样的雨天里散步。 I hate to trouble you．(动作) 我真不愿麻烦你。 3．一些动词后既可跟动词­ing作宾语，又可跟不定式作宾语，但意义有很大差别 I remembered locking the door．(记着事情做了) 我记着锁门了。 When you leave the house, please remember to lock the door． (记着去做) 离开家时，记得锁门。 4．在need, want, require, demand, deserve等后用动词­ing的主动形式表示被动，need/want/require/demand/deserve doing＝need/want/require/demand/deserve to be done The cottage needs repairing ＝The cottage needs to be repaired． 这所农舍需要修理。 The letter demands answering at once． ＝The letter demands to be answered at once． 需要立刻回复这封信。 即时演练4 4－1．用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①He likes swimming but he doesn't like to_swim this afternoon． (swim) ②He usually prefers staying in the house when it rains, but this time he prefers to_go (go) out． 4－2．单句改错 ③I mean to changing it for another one．changing→change ④(安徽 高考 地理事物空间分布特征语文高考下定义高考日语答题卡模板高考688高频词汇高考文言文120个实词 改编)I remembered locking the door before I left the office, but forgot turning off the lights． locking→to_lock;_turning→to_turn 4－3．一句多译 ⑤这位员工值得表扬。(deserve) The_worker_deserved_praising． ＝The_worker_deserved_to_be_praised． ⑥这个窗户需要清扫了。 The_window_needs/requires/wants_cleaning． ＝The_window_needs/requires/wants_to_be_cleaned． (二)动词­ing形式作宾语时，省掉介词的情况 [归纳拓展] spend ．．．(in) doing sth．　　 　　　　花费……做某事 have difficulty/trouble (in) doing．．． 做……有困难/麻烦 stop/prevent ．．．(from)doing 阻止……做某事 waste time (in) doing 浪费时间做某事 be busy (in) doing 忙于做某事 have a good/hard time (in) doing sth． 做某事很高兴/费了很大劲 He is usually busy (in) managing his shop． 他通常忙于经营商店。 即时演练5 用所给动词的适当形式填空 ①Yesterday, I had difficulty/trouble in hunting (hunt) for some important information on the Internet． ②We all had a good time staying (stay) at your home． ③He usually spends his free time developing (develop) his own hobby． ④My dear child, don't waste too much time just playing (play) around． 语法点三 动词­ing的复合结构 1．动词­ing的复合结构作主语 动词­ing的复合结构作主语时的两种形式 (1)形容词性物主代词＋动词­ing (2)名词(有生命的物体)'s＋动词­ing His being late again made his boss very angry． 他又一次迟到令他的老板很生气。 Jane's being careless caused so much trouble． 简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 2．动名词的复合结构作宾语 动词­ing的复合结构作宾语时的四种形式 (1)形容词性物主代词＋动词­ing (2)代词宾格＋动词­ing (3)名词＋动词­ing (4)名词(有生命的物体)'s或名词(有生命的物体)＋动词­ing He made an apology for his/him telling lies to the public． 他因向公众撒谎而道歉。 Outside the classroom, we could hear the noise of the desks being opened and closed． 在教室外，我们能够听到课桌被打开及关闭的声音。 The chairman of the meeting was angry at John's/John being absent from the meeting． 会议主席因约翰的缺席而生气。 [点津]　(1)动词­ing形式的否定形式：not置于动词­ing形式结构之前，即：not doing．．． (2)能够在句中充当主语和宾语的动词­ing形式又可称之为“动名词” (3)动词­ing的复合结构(也可称之为动名词的复合结构)的否定形式为： 形容词性的物主代词/宾格/名词/名词所有格＋not doing．．． (4)动词­ing的复合结构中的“形容词性的物主代词/宾格/名词”与动词­ing 之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系 Jerry's not arriving on time made people present angry． 杰瑞未能按时到达令在场的人很生气。 Not knowing what has happened to his daughter makes the father upset． 不知道女儿发生了什么使得这位父亲很是不安。 即时演练6 用动名词的复合结构完成句子 ①His_father's_being_ill made him worried． 他父亲病了，使他很担心。 ②We are looking forward to Jay_Chou's_coming_to give us a concert． 我们盼望着周杰伦来给我们举办一场演唱会。 ③Her_coming_to_help encouraged all of us． 她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 ④The baby was made awake by the_door_suddenly_shutting． 这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。 [链接高考] 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include introducing (introduce) British visitors to the 120­plus pandas at Chengdu ．．． 2．(2016·浙江高考书面表达)Planning (plan) is good as it decides in detail how we do what we want to do． 3．(2015·陕西高考)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on to_thank (thank) all the people who had helped in her career． 4．(2015·安徽高考)Ignoring (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make． 5．(2014·北京高考)The film star wears sunglasses． Therefore, he can go shopping without being_recognized (recognize)． 6．(2014·湖南高考)Understanding (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions． 7．(2014·江西高考)When it comes to speaking (speak) in public, no one can match him． 8．(2013·福建高考)Knowing (know)basic first­aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies． 9．(2012·湖南高考)We've had a good start, but next, more work needs to_be_done/doing (do) to achieve the final success． 10．(2012·福建高考)China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from being_attacked(attack) in the South China Sea． [针对演练] Ⅰ．用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．Everybody stopped talking (talk) as soon as the old expert began his speech． 2．I have no trouble persuading (persuade) him to change his mind． 3．It's no good making (make) an excuse for this． 4．People appreciate working (work) with him because he has a good sense of humor． 5．Putting/To_put (put) on more clothes is not so good． 6．These flowers need watering/to_be_watered (water)． 7．He got well­prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losing (lose) the good opportunity． 8．Being_invited (invite) to the party was a great honour to the family． 9．I can not imagine the boy speaking (speak) so rudely to his parents． 10．Meeting (meet) you has been a great pleasure． Ⅱ．完成句子 1．This book is worth reading_again． 这本书值得再读一次。 2．We must try to avoid making_the_same_mistakes． 我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。 3．People couldn't help laughing_at that foolish man． 人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。 4．I shall never forget seeing_the_famous_writer． 我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。 5．We don't allow smoking_in_the_office． 我们不允许在办公室里吸烟。 6．It is worthwhile making_the_experiment． 做这个实验是值得的。 7．Mary is considering changing_her_job． 玛丽正在考虑换工作。 8．Would you mind opening_the_door? 打开门你介意吗？ Ⅲ．短文改错 A terrible storm took place in a summer night． The wind was so strong that many trees brought down． It was already eleven o'clock． Li Ming who had been to night school, was still not back and her parents were very anxious． Half an hour late the wind stopped, and it was still raining． Li Ming's parents were about to looking for him when he returned． Li Ming explained the storm has pushed over many big trees as well telephone lines, blocking the roads and that the bridge had been washed away by the floods． So they had been to find another way back． 答案：第一句：in→on 第二句：trees后加were 第四句：been→gone; her→his 第五句：late→later; and→but 第六句：looking→look 第七句：has→had; well后加as 第八句：去掉been 1