32008年高级（含教授级）任职资格外语考试试卷－－英语（炼化工程）

中国石化集团公司2008年高级（含教授级）任职资格外语考试试卷 英语（炼化工程） （120分钟内完成） 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 号 一 二 三 总分 1 2 1 2 1-3 得 分 1、 阅读理解（阅读短文，用英语简要回答问题，共25分） 短文1（12.5分） Much of any manager’s times is taken up with meetings. There are meetings with colleagues to agree a course of action. There are meetings with superiors to report and to discuss future policies. There are meetings with subordinates. Many would say that there are far too many meetings: some would be even less polite. There can be no doubt that meetings are part of every manager’s life. He should know how to cope with them. He should know the techniques of communication in meetings. He should know how to use these techniques to his own advantages. It is sometimes suggested that when a manager can’t think what to do, he hold a meeting. But meetings in themselves are not an end product, no matter what some may think. They are merely one of many means of management communication. It may well be that a problem can be solved by a one-to-one discussion, or even by telephone. If the need can be met without a meeting, so be it. Let us therefore define a meeting, in the management sense, as the gathering together of a group of people for a controlled discussion, with a specific purpose. Each of those attending the meeting has a need to be there and both discussion and its result could not be so well achieved in any other way. It is often advisable to calculate the cost of a meeting. Do not have unnecessary people sitting in at meetings and do ensure that all meetings are both efficient and effective. Questions: 1. What is a meeting intended to be according to the passage? 2. What is the main idea of the first paragraph? 3. What should a manager know in meetings? 4. When does a manager often hold a meeting? 5. What is implied in the last few instances? 短文2（12.5分） The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’ money. Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with the message that there were fewer calories in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic, but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf. On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising. Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision. Questions: 1. What is the main idea of the first two paragraphs? 2. What does the word “economy” in the first paragraph mean? 3. Why was it said in the second paragraph that the bread advertised was misleading? 4. Explain the reason why fire insurance mentioned above is the positive advertising? 5. According to the lecture what you should do when advertising is intended to appeal to you? 2、 英译汉（将下列短文译成汉语，共45分） 短文1（20分） With the economic development and the increase of the population, we are faced with the lack of water supply. From a recent survey, it can be seen that the consumption of water all over the world has been remarkably raised compared with that of last year. Statistics also show that a lot of water resources such as lakes, rivers and oceans have been polluted seriously. As a result, there is less and less space for people to obtain enough healthy water. So it is high time for us to find a solution to the problem. There are two main ways to solve the problem. First, with the development of high technology new resources may be found and the present ones can be preserved effectively. Second, measures should be taken to restrain the increase of water consumption. For example, we can advocate the recycling of water in industry. Being one of those whose life has been threatened by the crisis, I would like to do something helpful, such as not wasting water in daily life and spreading the idea of protecting environment. As long as we take it seriously, we will definitely overcome this difficulty. 短文2（25分，A、B两篇，只翻译一篇，任选其一） A Many substances are being used in place of certain naturally occurring materials because either the natural product is unobtainable in sufficient quantity or, more usually, because the physical properties of the synthetic substance, as it is called, have been deliberately chosen, and even emphasized, in order to provide the maximum degree of usefulness in the field chosen for their application. In many cases, the synthetic product is the result of a deliberate attempt to imitate some rare natural material. Thus, celluloid（赛璐珞） resulted from efforts to produce a synthetic horn; cellulose acetate, such as safety film were the outcome of trying to reduce the inflammability of celluloid. Moreover, it is intended to show that these synthetic products have been “made to measure” in such a way that their internal molecular structure shows them with the very properties which are their characteristic attributes. In this way, these substances have been built up so as to possess all the advantageous properties of the naturally occurring material without those disadvantages so generally characteristic of natural raw materials. Typical synthetic products that are foremost in the minds of most people nowadays are plastics and artificial fibers. Both of these are substances put to a wide variety of uses. B In view of the development prospect of global refining industry, there is inevitable trend to upgrade refining industry. Refineries are tending to be large-scale, deep processing, integrated with petrochemical, cleaner, efficient and intelligentized by restructure. The global refining capacity increased from 3.86 billion tpy(吨/年) in 1982 to 4.06 billion tpy in 2000, while the number of refinery reduced from 784 to 742, which shows a notable extension in the average refinery scale, especially in developed countries. Regarding processing structure, capacity of deep processing units is increasing in developed countries led by the US. FCC capacity keeps steady while the capacity of hydro-processing and hydro-cracking units is significantly rising. Regarding product slate, Europe and America constantly introduce cleaner oil products meeting the requirement of environmental protection accompanied by an incremental output of jet fuel, diesel fuel and middle distillate. It is an urgent requirement for restructure in Asian refining industry, that is to say, it is necessary to optimize the processing configuration and product mix according to market requirement, to upgrade products quality meeting environmental requirement, to improve refining technology in order to fit for lower quality crude as soon as possible. 3、 汉译英（将下列句子、段落译成英语，共30分） 1. 句子翻译（10分） （1）网络确实有问题，但情况却决非像媒体说的那么糟。 （2）新技术史无前例地把世界连在了一起，我们的地球变小了。 （3）这种人与自然的巧妙和谐，多少能够说明这个国家的几分魅力。 （4）世界上所有物质都呈现三种不同的状态中的一种，即固态、液态和气态。 2. 段落翻译（10分） 我们已经感到只进口原油并不能很好地满足市场的能源结构需要。实际上任何炼油工业发达的国家，如美国和西欧也是原油和成品油综合进口，这样比较灵活有效。 3. 段落翻译（10分，A、B两段，只翻译一段，任选其一） A 亚洲炼油业面临着以最小成本赢得持续发展和最大盈利的严峻挑战。同时也必须指出，随着经济全球化和一体化的进程加快，美欧大石油公司经营业务在亚洲的进一步拓展，亚洲油品市场竞争也将会加剧。 B 在改造之前的催化剂最佳周期寿命为9个月。这个公司对催化剂的分析数据很难说明问题，单单由这些数据不足以得出正确的结论。这更说明对同一问题需要用多种方法解决，而过于信赖某一点数据是不正确的。 PAGE 第 6 页