Since-和-for-的用法及区别

Since和for的用法及区别：一，since的四种用法1，since+过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、ago.1990,lastmonth,halfpastsixIhavebeenheresince1990.1990起，我一直在这儿。2，since+一段时间+agoIhavebeenheresincefivemonthsago。自从五个月前，我已经在这儿了。3，since+从句GreatChangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.自从你走后，已经发生了很大的变化。4，Itis+一段时间+since从句ItistwoyearssinceIbecameanEnglishteacher.我成为英语老师有两年了。二，Since和for区别1，Since+时间点，具体时间“自从、、、、以来，从、、、以后”用来说明动作起始时间IhavebeeninBeijingsince2010.2，For+时间段，用来说明动作延续时间长度，因此句中的谓语动词，也应该是延续性动词。IhavebeeninBeijingforoneyear。WehavelearntEnglishforaboutthreeyears.Ihavebeenherefor3days.(对)Ihavearrivedherefor3days.（误）三，延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。四、延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：fortwoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,howlong等IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcamehere.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：Itraindateightyesterdaymorning.（误）rain为延续性动词，而ateight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词性动词来表示一瞬间的动作，可借助comebeginget等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.(正)又如：-WhendidyougettoknowJack?-Twoyearsago.-Thenyou'veknowneachotherformorethantwoyears.-That'sright.五、终止性动词的用法特征1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：Thetrainhasarrived.火车到了。Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup?你加入电脑小组了吗？2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语用(只限肯定式)。如：（1)他死了三年了。误：Hehasdiedforthreeyears.正：Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.正：Hediedthreeyearsago.正：Itisthreeyearssincehedied.正：Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied.(2)他来这儿五天了。误：Hehascomehereforfivedays.正：Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.正：Hecameherefivedaysago.正：Itisfivedayssincehecamehere.正：Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere.句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leave→beaway,borrow→keep,buy→have,begin/start→beon,die→bedead,moveto→livein,finish→beover,join→bein/beamemberof,opensth.→keepsth.open,fallill→beill,getup→beup,catchacold→haveacold。　练习：用since和for填空　　1)______twoyears2)_______twoyearsago3)_______lastmonth　　4)______19995)_______yesterday6)_______4o’clock　　7)______4hours8)_______anhourago9)_______wewerechildren　　10)_____lunchtime11)______shelefthere　　1.HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.　　2.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.　　3.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.　　4.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.　　5.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.　　2.短暂性转换延续性　　①arriveat/insw.getto/reachsw.come/go/movetosw.　　→beinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere　　1)HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.　　He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.　　2)ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.　　I__________________________theUSAsince____________________.　　3)Iwenthomeyesterday.　　I________________________homefor___________________.　　4)Theycameherelastweek.　　They__________________heresince___________________.　　②come/goback,return→bebackcome/goout→beout　　1)Hecameouttwoyearsago.　　He____________________________for____________________.　　2)WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.　　We_________________________toFuzhousince__________.　　③become→be　　1)Ibecameateacherin2000.　　I__________________ateacherfor__________________.　　2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.　　Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________.　　④close→beclosedopen→beopen　　1)Theshopclosedtwohoursago.　　Theshop__________________________for__________________.　　2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.　　Thedoor________________________forsixhours.　　⑤getup→beupdie→bedead　　leavesw.→beawayfromsw.　　fallasleep/gettotsleep→beasleep　　finish/end→beovermarry→bemarried　　1)Igotuptwohoursago.　　I________________________since________________.　　2)HeleftFuzhoujustnow.　　He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.　　3)Mygrandpadiedin2002.　　Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.　　4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.　　Themeeting____________________forsixhours.　　5)Igottosleeptwohoursago.　　I__________________________since___________________.　　6)Theymarriedin1990.　　They___________________________since_________.　　⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth.begin→beon　　1)Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.　　I________atthisschoolsince____.　　2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.　　Thefilm____________for________.⑦borrow→keeplose→nothavebuy→haveputon→wear　　catch/getacold→haveacoldgettoknow→know　　1)Theyborroweditlastweek.　　They__________________itsince____________________.　　2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.　　I__________________apenfor__________________.　　3)Igottoknowhimlastyear.　　I___________________himsince____________________.　　4)Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.　　I____________________myglassesfor__________________.　　⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeenin　　1)HehasgonetoBeijing.　　He_____________Beijingfortwodays.　　⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy　　→bealeague/aPartymember/asoldier　　→beamemberoftheleague/theParty　　→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy　　1)Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.　　He_________________a__________________fortwoyears.　　He__________________a_____________________the__________fortwoyears.　　He__________________________________theleaguefortwoyears.　　2)Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.　　Mybrother____________________a___________for______________________.　　Mybrother______________________in_______________________fortwoyears.　　3.汉译英　　1）这本字典我已买了三年了。　　2）他离开中国三年了。　　3）我认识他们五年了。　　4）他们已去了美国五年了。　　5）自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。　　6）他们已经结婚10年。　　7）我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。　　8）这会已开了多长时间了？　　9）这门已经关了两天了。　　10）我入团2年了。　　I________________________________twoyearsago.　　I_____________________a______________________fortwoyears.　　I_____________________a___________of___________________fortwoyears.　　I_________________________________the__________fortwoyears.　　11）自从1999年以来他们就认识。　　12）我来到农场已5年了。　　4.划线提问　　1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays.　　_____________________________you____________________?　　2)Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.　　____________________________yourfather___________________?　　3)Helefthereyesterday.　　_________________he___________________?　　4)Theyboughtabooktwohoursago.　　_____________________they__________abook