科技英语 动词的翻译

动词的翻译 the driving wheel----the driven wheel 主动轮——从动轮 a changing compound 变化着的化合物 a changed compound 起了变化的化合物 Boiling water 沸水 Moving parts 运动件 Driving force 驱动力 谓语动词的一般译法 一、直译 Nuclear energy assumed a particularly important role after the Second World War. 核能在第二次世界大战后担当起特别重要的角色。 The force of gravity extends throughout space. 引力扩展到整个宇宙。 二、引申 Rubber is not hard; it gives way to pressure. 橡胶不硬，遇到压力它就会变形。 When the ore is reduced to 60 mesh, it is more compatible to flotation. 这种矿石磨碎到60网目以下时就比较适合浮选。 三、转译 1.转译为汉语名词 Within seconds the meter needle should read zero. 在几秒钟内，表针的读数应为零。 An electric current varies directly as the electromotive force and inversely as the resistance. 电流的变化与电动势成正比，与电阻成反比。 A pipeline across the desert may cost as much as ￡80,000 per mile. 穿越沙漠的输油管道，造价高达每英里八万英镑。 The article aims at discussing recent trends in naval gun design. 本文的目的是讨论舰炮设计的新趋势。 Boiling point is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure. 沸点的定义就是汽压等于大气压时的温度。 2、转译为形容词 Light waves differ in frequency just as sound waves do. 同声波一样，光波也有不同的频率。 The range of the spectrum in which heat is radiated mostly lies within the infrared portion. 辐射热的光谱段大部分位于红外区。 3．转译为副词 The methyl group on the benzene ring greatly facilitates the nitration of toluene. 苯环上的甲基使甲苯非常易于硝化。 The molecules continue to stay close together, but do not continue to retain a regular fixed arrangement. 分子仍然紧密地聚集在一起，但不再继续保持有规则的固定排列形式。 四、省译 In absolute terms, the consumption of solar energy has remained remarkably constant until the present time. 就绝对数字而言，到目前为止太阳能耗用量都异常稳定。 Radar involves transmitting electromagnetic waves of very short wave length. 雷达发射的是波长非常短的电磁波。 五、重复 一个动词接几个宾语，这是英语中常见的语言现象。但在英汉两种语言中由于词的搭配习惯不同，英语中的一个动词在汉语中往往因为宾语的不同而译成多个动词。 The first snow came. How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead. 初雪飘零，真美啊！它整日整夜地飘着，飘到山岭上，落到草地上，停在生者的屋顶上，息在逝者的墓冢上。 He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor fights, nor contests of strength. 他不再梦见风暴、惊人的遭遇、大鱼、搏斗和角力。 他不再梦见风暴，不再梦见惊人的遭遇，也不再梦见大鱼、搏斗和角力。 The lasers will be capable of destroying planes and missiles within seconds of their being launched. 这些激光器能够在飞机起飞和导弹发射后的几秒钟内将它们摧毁。 六、增译 在操作规程、使用说明书一类的英文资料中，经常有一些以inspect, check, examine, signal等动词作谓语的句子，翻译这些句子时，一般要在这些动词后添加“是否”、“有无”等词，才符合汉语的表达习惯。 Inspect the instrument carefully for damage when removing it from the protective container. 从包装箱中取出仪器时，请仔细检查有无损坏之处。 Light on the front of the instrument is signaling the operator that the controller is in the right operation. 仪表面板上的指示灯可向操作者显示出控制器的工作是否正常。 Voltage testers should be checked for correct functioning before use. 在使用测压器之前，应检查其功能是否正常。 科技英语中常用的祈使语气，有时需要加词译出才能反映出建议、指示或劝告的意义。 Do not leave dead batteries in the battery-box as this may cause malfunction. 注意不要将废电池留在电池盒内，以免引起故障。 Should the instrument show any signs of damage, file a claim with the carrier immediately. 如果仪器有损坏现象，请立即向承运者提出索赔要求。 Be very careful when you take antibiotics. 使用抗菌素时， 请务必当心。 科技英语中还有一些用动词原形开头的句子，它们并不表示祈使语气，只是一种习惯表达方式，往往含有条件意味，翻译时要视情况加词。 Bring a charged ebonite rod near a light object, and the latter will be attracted towards it. 如果把带电硬胶棒靠近轻物体，后者就会被吸过去。 Wave your hand in front of your face, and you can feel the air moving. 如果在你面前摆手，你会感到空气在流动。