Unit 4-6 answer keys 学术英语答案

Unit4-6answerkeys学术 英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 答案Unit4VII. AnswerKeysWarmup1)SearchtheInternetforthefollowingtermsandchooseonetopresenttotheclass.略。2)Whatisculture?Simplyspeaking,culturereferstoagrouporcommunitywithwhichtheysharecommonexperiencesthatincludethoughts,communication,actions,customs,beliefs,valuesandinstitutionsofaracial,ethnic,religiousorsocialgroup.3)What’sthedifferencebetweenWesterncultureandChineseculture?Theydifferinmanyways.TheChinesehaveastrongsenseofcollectivismwhileWesternersvalueindividualismverymuch.Astoreligion,mostChinesepracticesarerelatedtoreligiousbeliefsrootedinConfucianism,BuddhistandTaoistprincipleswhilethewesternersconformtoChristianity,IslamandJudaismwhicharethemajorWesternreligions.4)Whatareculturalawarenessandculturalcompetency?CulturalAwarenessisthefoundationofcommunicationanditinvolvestheabilityofstandingbackfromusandbecomingawareofourculturalvalues,beliefsandperceptions. Culturalcompetenceisasetofsuitablebehaviors,attitudes,andpoliciesthatcometogetherinasystemthatenableseffectiveworkincross-culturalsituations.5)Whyisculturalawarenessimportanttoglobaleconomy?Intheeraofglobaleconomy,theglobebecomessmallerandsmaller,likeavillage.Wehavemoreandmorechancestointeractwithpeoplefromothercultures,whosee,interpretandevaluatethingsindifferentwaysfromours. Whatweconsideredanappropriatebehaviorinonecultureisfrequentlyinappropriateinanotherone.Misunderstandingsarisewhenweuseourmeaningstomakesenseoftheirreality.Soifwewanttoachieveourgoalonbusiness,weneedtobeawareofculturaldifferences,whichbecomecentralincross-cultureunderstanding.Reading1.Skimthefollowingarticleandanswerthequestionsbellow.1)Whatisthemainideaofparagraph1?Communicationindifferentcultureishard.2)Whatdoesparagraph2tellus?Thedefinitionofculture.3)Whatdoestheexampleinparagraph2illustrate?Therearedifferentcultures.4)Whatistheresultofthefailureofculturalawareness?Misunderstandingsoccur.5)Whichexampleillustratetheimportanceofbodylanguage?Thelastsentence.2.Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitionsaccordingtothecontext.1)c2)d3)e4)g5)a  6)j7)k8)b9)h10)f 11)i12)l3.RereadReading1andwriteafewsentencesaboutthecausesforculturaldifferenceswithexamplesgivenbyyourself,thengiveareporttotheclass.略。4.SkimReading2forthequestionsbelow.1)What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardAmericanvalues?Howdoyouknow?Positive.Forexample,asinparagraphC,“Changeishealthy.”2)WhichtwopointsofAmericanvaluesemphasizechange?Number1andNumber6.3)WhydoAmericanpeoplerushtogetthingsdone?Tobemoreproductive.4)WhichtwopointsofAmericanvaluescanexplainthatAmericansemphasizework?Number6andNumber10.5)Whichthreepointsofnon-Westernculturesemphasize“Being”orientation?Number1,Number7andNumber10.5.IntegrateinformationprovidedinReading1and2,andfillinthefollowingtable.InformationReading1Reading2AttitudestowardstimeTime-consciousnessTimeflies.Peoplearepressuredbytime.Peopleshouldn'twastetime.Theymustrushtogetthingsdone,andmustfollowtheirschedulestobeproductive.AttitudestowardsaddressPlacingthefamilynamefirstwhenaddressingsomeoneinmanycollectivistcultures.Theuseoftitlesandlastnamesiscommon;displaysofrespectareimportant.6.Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitionsaccordingtothecontext.Thendiscussyouranswerswithyourpartner,pointingoutwhichsentenceprovidecontextclues.1)b2)d3)a4)f5)h  6)k7)j8)c9)e10)l  11)g12)i7.UsetheinformationabovetowriteanumberofsentencesaboutthedifferencebetweenAmericanCultureandChineseCulture,andthenreporttoyourclass.略。8.ScanReading3andfillintheinformationinthetablebelow. CharacteristicsAdvantagesDisadvantagesWesternsocietiesTeachersemphasizedthequalitiesthatmakeeachstudentspecial.Studentsareseldomexpectedtomemorizeinformation;instead,theyareencouragedtothinkforthemselves,findanswersontheirownandcompupwithindividualsolutions.Atanearlyage,studentslearntoformtheirownideasandopinions,andtoexpresstheirideasinclassdiscussion.Studentslearntothinkforthemselves.Theylearntotaketheinitiative-tomakedecisionsandtakeactionwithoutsomeonetellingthemwhattodo.Thesystempreparesthemforasocietythatvaluescreativeideasandindividualresponsibility.Americanhighschoolgraduateshaven’tstudiedasmanybasicrulesandfactsasstudentsinothercountrieshave.AndmanysocialcriticsattributethehighcrimerateintheUSatleastpartiallytoalackofdisciplineintheschools.JapanesesocietyTheeducationsystemreflectsabeliefingroupgoalsandtraditionsratherthanindividualism.Japaneseschoolchildrenoftenworktogetherandhelponeanotheronassignments.Intheclassroom,theteacheristhemainsourceofknowledge.Heorshelectures,andthestudentslisten.Thereisnotmuchdiscussion;instead,thestudentsreciterulesorinformationthattheyhavememorized.Theylearnthesocialskillofcooperation,andlearnmuchmoremathandscience.TheyalsostudymorehourseachdayandmoredayseachyearThesystemprepareschildrenforasocietythatvaluesdisciplineandself-control.Studentssaythatafteranexam,theyforgetmuchofinformationtheymemorized.Foranother,theextremelydemandingsystemputsenormouspsychologicalpressureonstudents,andisconsideredaprimaryfactorinthehighsuiciderateamongJapaneseschool-agechildren.9.Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitionsaccordingtothecontext.Thendiscussyouranswerswithyourpartner,pointingoutwhichsentenceprovidecontextclues.1)b2)d3)f4)g5)j 6)a7)e8)k9)i10)h 11)l12)c10.Discussingroups,makeacomparisonbetweentheChineseeducationsystemandtheJapaneseeducationsystemandpresenttotheclass.略。11.ThefollowingaredifferentvaluesbetweentheChineseandAmericans.Ticktheonesyouagreewithandaddnewones.Thendiscussinsmallgroupsaboutthedifference.√ InChinathesocialstructureisformalandhierarchical.Youknowwhereyourplaceisinthestructure.InAmerica,itismuchmorelooseandinformal.Itisnotuncommontoseethoseofvarioussociallevelssocializingandknowingeachother.Thereareveryfewlinesthatsociallyarenotallowedtobecrossed.√ReputationoftheindividualisveryimportantinChina.Ifanactionwillhumiliatesomeoneorruinareputation,itisavoided.InAmerica,reputationscomeandgoovernightandintheendusuallydoesnotmatter.Apersonismorelikelytooverlookareputationtogetthejobdone.√Chinesesocietyplaceshighvaluesonthemoralsoftheirpeople.Forexample,datingisdiscouragedearlyinayoungadult’slifeTheAmericancultureismuchmorerelaxedandsomecouldevenarguethatthereneedstobemoremorallyemphasized.√HonoringancestorsisveryimportantinChineseculture.Onceayear,allmembersofafamilyvisitthegravesitesofeachancestorandpaytheirrespects.ThisisincontrasttomostAmericanswhorarelyknowwherethemajorityoftheirancestorsarelaidtorestbecausemostAmericansareimmigrants.√ThesuccessofanindividualintheiracademicstudiesorpersonallifeisdownplayedinChinaandmodestyismoreemphasizedwhileinAmericathesuccessesarehighlypraisedandcelebrated.Peopleopenlyshowtheirambition.√MostAmericansareverytimesensitivewhenitcomestomeetingsanddeadlines.TheChinesedonotviewtimeasanabsolutebutmoreasasuggestion.×Beingsensitivetoanotherperson’sneedsisveryimportantinChineseculture.Itisexpectedthatyouwillrespecttheotherpersonandtreatthemwell.ThisisacharacteristicthatunfortunatelyhasfallenonthewaysideinmostAmericancircles.12.Skimthefollowingarticletodecidewhichstatementisthemainideaofeachparagraph.1)a2)c3)b4)b5)c13.Matchthewordswiththeirdefinitionsaccordingtothecontext.Thendiscussyouranswerswithyourpartner,pointingoutwhichsentenceprovidecontextclues.1)l2)c3)j4)d5)g6)e7)b8)f9)i10)k11)h 12)a14.Rereadthearticleanddecidethestatementsbelowareinferred(I)orexplicitlyexpressed(E)orunsaid(U).1)I,Para.12)E,Para.23)E,Para.14)U,Para.35)I,Para.36)I,Para.47)I,Para.58)I,Para.5Listening1.LookatthetitleandthekeywordsofListening1providedbythespeaker,andfigureoutwhatthelecturerisgoingtotalkabout.略。2.ListentoPart1ofListening1andcirclethecorrectanswer.1)B 2)A 3)B3.ListentoPart2ofListening1andcirclethecorrectanswer.1)A 2)A 3)A4.ListentoPart3ofListening1andcheckthestatementsbellowanddecidewhethertheyaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1)T 2)F 3)T 4)F 5)T5.ListentoPart3ofListening1andcompletethefollowingparagraph.differences,shaping,assumptions,questioning,track,compromise,respectotherchoices.6.ListentoListening1againanddiscussthepatternsandchallengesinCross-CulturalCommunicationingroups.Youmayintegratetheinformationofthepreviousreadingsduringthediscussion.略。7.LookatthetitleandthekeywordsofListening2providedbythespeaker,andfigureoutwhatthelecturerisgoingtotalkabout.略。8.ListentoPart1ofListening2andcirclethebestanswer.1)B 2)B 3)A9.ListentoPart2ofListening2andanswerthequestionsbelow.Thenoteslistedintheboxareforyourreference.1)Whyissuchanexpressionas“Iwantthisnow”rudeinsomecultures?Becauseinthissituation,thepersonwhoisaddressedmayfeelangryanduncooperative. 2)Whatdoesthesentence“theresponsewouldhavebeenentirelydifferent”mean?Thepersonsoaddressedmightnothavefeltangry.3)Whyistheapproachnotunderstandableinmanycultures?Sincethepersonfailstoexpresshisideadirectly.4)Whymaysomestudentsappeartobeverydemanding?Theiruseoflanguage,theirpersonality,theiranxiety,theirculturalconditioning,theirdesireforsurvival.5)Howcananinternationalstudenthavefewerdifficultiesinsettlingintohisnewwayoflife?Heorsheshouldtoleratesomemisunderstandingsandnotoverreacttoconfusingsituations.10.ListentoPart3ofListening2andcompletethefollowingparagraph.minimize,tolerant,practice,considerablepressure.Writing1.略。2.Paraphraseeachofthesentencesbelowbyusingasmanysynonymsaspossible.1)Bydealingwiththeproblemdirectlywecangetanewculture.Wecanacquireanewculturebyapproachingtheproblemdirectly.2)Itwasoncethoughtthatmancouldchangehisownenvironment.Theideathatmancanalterhisownenvironmentwasonceconsideredright.3)Allmenhaveequalrightdespitetheirsocialpositions.Allpeopledeserveequalrightsdespitetheirsocialstatus.4)Themethodemphasizesindependentthinkingbecauseitmakeseachstudentdifferent.Themethodvaluesindependentthinking,foritmakeseachstudentspecial.5)Studentsaremadetofinddifferentsolutions.Studentsareencouragedtocompupwithindividualsolutions.6)Theteacherprovideknowledgeandstudentlearntokeepitinmind.Theteacheristhesourceofknowledgeandstudenttrytomemorizeit.7)TherearesomeobviousdisadvantagesthoughtheylearnbetterthanAmericanstudents.ThoughtheylearnbetterthanAmericancounterpartstherearesomeseriousdrawbacks.8)Weneedtoemphasizeculturalawarenessbecausewewillmakeseriousmistakeswithoutit.Theneedforculturalawarenessshouldbeheightenedforlackofitwillleadtoblunders.3.Paraphraseeachofthesentencesbelowaccordingtothemodels.1)Wemustheightentheneedforcross-culturalawarenessinourglobaleconomies.Theneedforgreatercross-culturalawarenessisheightenedinourglobaleconomies.2)Ifwecarefullycomparetwosocieties,wewillfindtheirbeliefsandvaluesarequitedifferent.Acarefulcomparisonoftwosocietieswillrevealtheirdifferentbeliefsandvalues.3)Someculturesplacemuchemphasisonhumancontrolovertheenvironment.Humancontrolovertheenvironmentishighlyvaluedinsomecultures.4)Withoutcross-culturalcompetency,wewillmakegreatmistakesinternationalbusiness.Lackofcross-culturalcompetencycanleadtoblundersininternationalbusiness.5)Itispeopleratherthantechnologythatdeterminethesuccessorfailureofacompany.Thesuccessorfailureofacompanyoftendependsuponpeopleratherthantechnology.4.Readtheparagraphstakenfromthisunitandsummarizeeachofthemusingonesentenceonly.Thencompareyourswithyourpartner’sWriteitontheboardandshareyourswiththerestoftheclass.1)Cross-culturalcommunicationcanbehard.2)Everyeducationsysteminaparticularsocietyisinfluencedbyitsculture.3)Attitudestowardsconflictvaryfromculturetoculture.5.Readthefollowingparagraphscarefully,highlightthetopicsentencesandsupportingsentences,andthentellhowthetopicsentencesarefullysupported.略。IntegratedExercises1.略。2.Fillinthefollowingblankswithwordsandsentencesgivenbelow.Changetheformswherenecessary.1)stereotype;  2)competence;  3)institution;  4)offence;5)interpersonal;  6)intimidating;  7)counterpart;  8)preservation;9)breakdown;  10)feature;  11)expertise;  12)ineffective.3.Guessthemeaningofthefollowingwordsandthenaddmorewordsusingthesameprefixorsuffix.Shareyouranswerswiththeclass.略。4.Tickoffthosewordsorphraseswhichcannotcollocatewiththeheadword.1)participatetheinterview;2)sharewiththework;  3)acquiremoney;4)pressurein;  5)highlyjump;  6)heightenEnglishlevels7)contactsomething;8)viewwithsomebody;9)scheduletime10)inpresent5.Findsynonyms(intheboxbellow)ofthefollowingwordsasmanyaspossible.Thenexchangewithyourpartners.1)concept(idea,notion,view,theory)2)acquire(achieve,attain,gain,earn,collect,obtain,secure)3)status(position,rank,standing,state,)4)drawback(defect,disadvantage,flaw,shortcoming)5)interpret(explain,define,clarify,expound,throwlighton)6)recommend(suggest,advocate,advise,propose)7)addto(increase,advance,grow,boost,buildup,enhance,multiply)8)collaboration(cooperation,partnershipteamwork,alliance,association)9)blunder(error,fault,mistake,slip,inaccuracy)10)blame(criticize,complain,accuse,charge,disapprove,charge)6.略。7.Completethefollowingstatementswithphrasesfromthebox.YoumaychangethephrasesaccordingtotheChinesegiven.1)areencouragedtothinkforthemselves,compupwithindividualsolutions.2)takingallthefactorsintoaccount,beabletorecognizeandadapttodifferentworkstyles.3)puttingenormouspsychologicalpressureonstudents,isconsideredaprimaryfactorinthehighsuiciderate.4)individualneedsareconsideredprimary,sometimeshastosacrificehisorherneedstothoseofthegroup.5)understandtheneedforculturalawarenessandsensitivity,misunderstandings,offenceandabreakdownincommunicationcanoccur.6)Independentthinkingishighlyvalued,learntoformtheirownideasandopinions.7)theneedforgreatercross-culturalawarenessisheightenedinourglobaleconomies,understandtheimpactofcross-culturaldifferencesonbusiness.8)Theeducationsystemisdemanding,valuesdisciplineandself-control.9)isderivedfromdistinguishablephysicalcharacteristics,makeupofmanydifferentnationalities.10)There'snoneedforpeopletofeelsopressured,mustfollowtheirschedulestobeproductive.VIII.ChineseTranslationsofthereadingsReading1文化与文化差异我们一直都在与他人沟通——无论是在家里，在工作场合，还是在我们所属的群体，或在社区里。不管我们自以为有多了解彼此，沟通都不是容易的事。例如，试想一下，我们经常听到这样的话：“他没抓到重点”，或“她并没有真正听懂我想说什么”。“文化”通常是沟通中遇到挑战的根源。我们的文化影响着我们处理问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 的方式，及我们参与群体和社区事务的方式。在群体中，我们常常会为不同的人能一起工作而感到惊奇。文化是一个复杂的概念，定义多种多样。但简单地说，“文化”指的是人们在一个群体或社区里所共同拥有的经历，包括思想，沟通，行为，风俗，信仰，价值观、及种族、民族、宗教或社会群体的运行。它反映了一个特定的社会或政体的行为规范和价值观念，在很大程度上，反映的是该社会里个体看待世界的方式。文化，还包括我们加入或融入的群体。例如，搬迁到一个新的地区、经济状况发生变化、或者是身患残疾，都是我们汲取新文化的途径。当我们如此广泛地思考文化，就会马上意识到我们都身处多元的文化当中。一些文化的元素包括：语言，服饰与长相，食物与饮食习惯，音乐与舞蹈，时间与人对时间的意识，人际关系，信仰与观点。文化的其它一些定义也有助于思考文化差异，包括：民族——在种族、国籍、语言或共同文化遗产层面有联结的人群。种族——根据明显的外貌特征划分的社会特定人群。刻板印象——某特定群体里的人都有着相同的特征。一些最常见的文化差异跟名字的使用有关——人们的是如何命名的、为何要这样命名，以及在某些特定的情况下人们是如何称呼彼此的。一个例子就是，在许多集体观念主导的文化群体里，人们会把姓氏放在前面。如握手这样的问候方式、男女间的交流互动、家庭的结构、尊重他人的礼仪、对待教育的态度、及肢体语言等，也在大多数文化中发挥着重要的作用，也最常从引发误解。比如，在许多非洲和亚洲文化里，避免目光接触是尊重对方的表现，而非感觉不自然或缺乏兴趣。Reading2 美国与非西方文化价值观某些思考、行动和沟通的方式是文化价值观的直接结果。下面列出了许多美国人的基本价值观及与其“相反的价值观”，后者常常也是非西方文化的社会中人们的价值观。美国价值观：个体控制客观环境——人们可改造自然，并在很大程度上可以决定自己的生活方向。相反的价值观：命运主宰一切——生活中的事属于神明的宏伟计划、或是由命运决定的。美国价值观：注重变化——变化是好的。人们如果改变得不够，就会停滞不前。相反的价值观：注重传统——仪式、习俗和信仰的承传是非常重要和值得的。美国价值观：把握时间——时间转瞬即逝。时间让人们感受到压力，因此不该浪费时间。我们必须赶紧把事情做完，并且必须遵循日程安排，做尽量多的事。相反的价值观：时间闲庭信步。人们不必为此感到有压力。咱们慢慢来！美国价值观：追求人人平等（即平等主义）——所有人生而平等，应享受平等的权利。（注意：这只是一个价值观或理念，而非既定事实。）相反的价值观：讲究等级和地位——人与人的关系决定其所扮演的角色，与他者相比，人有高低之分。美国价值观：注重个人主义和隐私——个体的需求被放在首位。相反的价值观：集体为先——集体需求的满足可以个人需求为代价。美国价值观：自力更生——人们能够并应该设法改善自己的生活，自己的思想，自己的婚姻，甚至自己的个性。相反的价值观：人们生来非富则贫，应顺应传统去生活；我们都应“保持自我本色”，切勿伪装。美国价值观：工作导向——工作通常能定义人，工作把人们区分了开来（问“你是干什么的”几乎无异于问“你是谁”）。相反的价值观：“存在”导向——工作不能代表人的心灵，专注于工作、成就或成就并非必要的。美国价值观：随意就好——在美国，你可能常常听到“叫我鲍勃就好”，常看到人们穿休闲的服饰，却没碰上什么正规的仪式。相反的价值观：讲究形式——常见的例子包括标题和姓氏的使用，讲求尊重他人，而“君子之交淡如水”是较为得体的社交礼仪。美国价值观：直接、坦率、诚实——最好的为人处世之道是“以诚相待”，人们应坦诚公布，不要“拐弯抹角”。相反的价值观：在决定如何措辞之前，应考虑他人感受，诚实并不总是上策。美国价值观：物质至上——对物质的追求高于对心灵或智慧追求是很正常的。相反的价值观：精神至上——现实的一切都关乎心灵，任何物质都无法堪比。Reading3日本教育体系与北美教育体系任何一个教育体系都必然是一面镜子，反映了其所在社会文化。许多西方国家如美国或加拿大，都有着不同的民族、宗教团体及文化取向，因此个人主义和独立思考受到高度重视。这些国家的教育体系反映了其价值观。老师会强调每个学生与众不同的品质，很少会让学生死记硬背；相反，老师会鼓励学生自己思考问题，独自寻找答案，并各自想出解决 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 。早在小时候，学生就学习形成自己的观点和意见，并在课堂讨论中表达自己的观点。相比之下，在日本，绝大多数人都使用同一种语言，拥有共同的历史和文化。也许正因如此，其教育体系反映了人们信仰的是是集体目标和传统，而非个人主义。日本小学生经常一起学习，在课业上相互帮助。课堂上，知识的主要来源是老师——老师授课，学生听讲；学生之间没有太多的讨论，而是背诵已经烂熟于心的规则或知识。日本教育体系的优势在于，它让学生学会合作这一社会技能。另一优势则在于，与大多数美国学生多相比，他们学了更多数学和科学知识。他们每年的学习天数和每天的学时比北美学生的都要多。日本的教育体系相当严格，但它为孩子们将来进入一个重视纪律和自控的社会提前做好准备。然而，该体系有其弊端。其一，许多学生反映，很多他们学过的知识，考后即忘。其二，该体系极其严格，给学生造成巨大的心理压力，被视为日本学龄儿童自杀率居高的主要因素。另一方面，北美教育体系的优势在于，它让学生学会独立思考。学生学会在无人引导的情况下，主动做出决定并采取行动。该体系为学生将来进入一个重视创意和个人责任的社会提前做好准备。然而，其亦有弊，美国高中毕业生并没有像其它国家的学生那样，学习基本规则和基础知识。很多社会评论员把美国的高犯罪率归咎于——或至少部分归咎于——学校缺乏纪律。Reading4全球经济的挑战在全球市场，知识与技能不仅意味着力量，也可能意味着生存。据估计，过半的国际合资企业在两三年内就倒闭。其中最常见的原因是缺乏文化意识和文化能力，而非缺乏专业技术或知识。因此，任何管理者或商人在决定拓展全球业务前，都应了解文化意识和敏感度的需求。在世界各地工作，最具挑战的一个方面就是发展全球文化竞争力。企业在不同地区面对不同的工作和管理风格，其业务、职能和项目均是巨大的考验。在一种文化里行之有效的工作方式，在其它文化里可能毫无效果，甚至不合时宜。有效的管理者应能识别并适应不同的工作风格和文化。要与来自不同文化的伙伴进行良好的合作，需要与其畅通无阻地交换准确的信息，并建立公开、高效的合作关系。据通信专家称，当今商业人士很有必要了解跨文化差异对业务、贸易和企业内部架构的影响。公司、企业、并购的成败基本上取决于“人”。如果人们没有跨文化意识，那么就可能产生误解或导致沟通失败。在全球经济的大环境中，提高跨文化意识的需求日益增大。在语言、礼仪、非语言交流、社会规范和价值观等问题上体现的跨文化差异可能导致跨文化交际的严重失误。如果不了解跨文化差异对管理、公关、广告和谈判等领域的影响，可能最终会导致交流失误，引发破坏性后果的失误。我们在网络上大量跨文化交流失误的例子中选了几个，来说明为何跨文化意识和敏感度如此重要。Pepsodent牙膏以“美白牙齿”为广告词，意欲打开东南亚的市场，然而推销失败了；后来，他们发现当地人会嚼槟榔来“美黑”牙齿，因为其认为黑牙齿的人很有魅力。某眼镜公司在泰国广告，是让各种可爱的动物戴上眼镜，但他们没有考虑到一个事实——泰国本地人认为动物是低级生物。Fresca软饮料的女销售人员在墨西哥做推销时，总是看到人们笑着跟她打招呼，她对此感到非常惊讶；后来才发现，Fresca是墨西哥当地的俚语，意为“女同性恋”。Unit5ArtBackgroundInformation1.Wikipedia 维基百科Wikipediaisacollaborativelyedited,multilingual,free-access,freecontentInternetencyclopediathatissupportedandhostedbythenon-profitWikimediaFoundation.VolunteersworldwidecollaborativelywriteWikipedia's30millionarticlesin287languages,includingover4.5millionintheEnglishWikipedia.Anyonewhocanaccessthesitecaneditalmostanyofitsarticles,whichontheInternetcomprisethelargestandmostpopulargeneralreferencework.InFebruary2014,TheNewYorkTimesreportedthatWikipediaisrankedfifthgloballyamongallwebsitesstating,“With18billionpageviewsandnearly500millionuniquevisitorsamonth...,WikipediatrailsjustYahoo,Facebook,MicrosoftandGoogle,thelargestwith1.2billionuniquevisitors.”JimmyWalesandLarrySangerlaunchedWikipediaonJanuary15,2001,thelattercreatingitsname,aportmanteauofwiki(thenameofatypeofcollaborativewebsite,fromtheHawaiianwordfor“quick”)andencyclopedia.TheopennatureofWikipediahasledtovariousconcerns,suchasthequalityofwriting,vandalismandtheaccuracyofinformation.Somearticlescontainunverifiedorinconsistentinformation,thougha2005investigationinNatureshowedthatthe42sciencearticlestheycomparedcameclosetothelevelofaccuracyofEncyclopediaBritannicaandhadasimilarrateof“seriouserrors”Britannicarepliedthatthestudy'smethologyandconclusionswereflawed.ThepoliciesofWikipediacombineverifiabilityandaneutralpointofview.2.fineart 美术Fineartisartdevelopedprimarilyforaesthetics,distinguishingitfromappliedartthatalsohastoservesomepracticalfunction.Historically,thefivemainfineartswerepainting,sculpture,architecture,musicandpoetry,withperformingartsincludingtheateranddance.Today,thefineartscommonlyincludeadditionalforms,suchasfilm,photography,conceptualart,andprintmaking.However,insomeinstitutesoflearningorinmuseums,fineartandfrequentlythetermfinearts(pl.)aswell,areassociatedexclusivelywithvisualartforms.Onedefinitionoffineartis“avisualartconsideredtohavebeencreatedprimarilyforaestheticandintellectualpurposesandjudgedforitsbeautyandmeaningfulness,specifically,painting,sculpture,drawing,watercolor,graphics,andarchitecture.”Inthatsense,thereareconceptualdifferencesbetweentheFineArtsandtheAppliedArts.Asoriginallyconceived,andasunderstoodformuchofthemodernera,theperceptionofaestheticqualitiesrequiredarefinedjudgmentusuallyreferredtoashavinggoodtaste,whichdifferentiatedfineartfrompopularartandentertainment.HoweverinthePostmodernera,thevalueofgoodtasteisdisappearing,tothepointthathavingbadtastehasbecomesynonymouswithbeingavant-garde.Theterm“fineart”isnowrarelyfoundinarthistory,butremainscommoninthearttradeandasatitleforuniversitydepartmentsanddegrees,evenifrarelyusedinteaching.Theword“fine”doesnotsomuchdenotethequalityoftheartworkinquestion,butthepurityofthedisciplineaccordingtotraditionalcanons.Thisdefinitionoriginallyexcludedtheappliedordecorativearts,andtheproductsofwhatwereregardedascrafts.Incontemporarypracticethesedistinctionsandrestrictionshavebecomeessentiallymeaningless,astheconceptorintentionoftheartistisgivenprimacy,regardlessofthemeansthroughwhichthisisexpressed.3.digitalart 数字艺术Digitalartisanartisticworkorpracticethatusedigitaltechnolog