情态动词归纳

情态动词归纳 情态动词归纳表 情态V 词义&用法 注意事项 软件开发合同注意事项软件销售合同注意事项电梯维保合同注意事项软件销售合同注意事项员工离职注意事项 特殊用法 can 1.表具备某种能力 Can表现在能力;Could表示过去能‎‎力.(1)表惊异、怀疑、不相信、不耐烦could 可用be able to代替;was/were able to to等。(此意常用于否定句、疑问句或惊 表示成功做了某事‎‎ 叹句语气)Can/Could this be true? 2.表请求和允许 ?请求用could 语气委婉 (2)can not„too\enough表示"无论怎?允许不用 could. 样``````也不过分","越``````越好": 3.表“可能性” ? can用于否定和疑问‎‎句(could不限) You can't be too careful. ? can (be)表示有时候会(常与som etimes, at times 连用) may 1.表请求和允许 ?请求用might语气更委婉。 (1)may/might well+V原形:表"完全might ?允许时用may，表示“可以”(表示可能,，很可能"= be very likely to:He may 允许时不用might)。 well be proud for his son. 2.表可能性“也许” 此意常用于肯定句。(might可能最小) (2)may/might as well+V原形:"最好， 满可以，倒不如" 3表祝愿 固定句型为“May+主语+V原型”: You may as well stay here over night .May you succeed! must 1.表“必须” ? must多表主观、现在/将来义务; (1)表示必然结果: have to多表客观、过去义务 All men must die.人固有一死。 ? mustn't表"禁止";否定用needn't / (2)表示一种与说话人愿望相反、不 don't have to 耐烦的感情色彩，可译为“一定要、偏 偏、非要”: 2.表推测:“肯定只用于肯定句。在否定句/疑问句中用 If you must know, her name is Mary. 是、准是” can/could will 1.表意愿,决心等 Would此时为will过去式，无意义差别 (1)will表命令(说话者确定命令一would 定会得到执行)或允诺:You will repor2.表经常性，习惯Would表过去反复‎‎的动作/某种倾向(相t to me afterwards.(命令)They will get 性，倾向性， 对于used to无“现已无此习惯”之义。) enough money from me.(允诺) 3.表功能，性质 叙述真理:The tree will leave without (2)可用于祈使句附加疑问‎‎句反义疑(water for 3 months. 问句):(此时would比will委婉) Don’t go 4.表估计:“想此意表对目前事物的预‎‎料。That will be now, will you? 必，大概”(只时the postman ringing.(would表示过去/现(3)woul短语:would rather/would 态区别) 在;will表示现在/将来) prefer宁愿;would like/would love喜5.表“请求/要求” 此意用于疑问句，常与you连用 欢/想要(见注意?) (Will you,) Will you give me a piece of paper? shall 1.表征求意见(“好用在第一、三人称Shall the reporters wait 点2其他示例: (shan’t) 不好”) outside or what? He shall have the book when I finish reading.(允诺) 2.表允诺、威胁、用于第二、第三人称 警告、命令或根据Passengers shall not talk with the driver You shall fail if you don't work harder. (警告) 规定有义务做 while the bus is moving You shall come at once.(命令) 3.表规章、法令、用于所有人称 预言:“必须” Every competitor shall wear a number should 1.表示道义上的责有时表示劝告:You ought to /should pay (1)should 用于疑问句中表示说话‎‎人ought to 任，义务或要求， more attention to what your lawyer says. 对某事不能理解，惋惜，感到意外，赞 2.表示推测和可能肯定的语气没有must用于推测时强 叹，愤怒、惊异等感情，意为“竟会”， 有时也用于陈述句中 性，是“ (按理说)This pen ought to /should be yours. (2)Should还可以用在if引导的条件从应该”之意 句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但3.表示说话人的一此意常用于第一人称时‎‎: 也不是完全没有可能‎‎，相当于“万一”种谦逊，客气，委You are mistaken , I should say . (依我 的意思。(见注意?) 婉的语气 看你是搞错了) 1 动词。 高考 地理事物空间分布特征语文高考下定义高考日语答题卡模板高考688高频词汇高考文言文120个实词 情态动词重点讲解 Something must be done to stop pollution. 必须采取 措施 《全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观软件质量保证措施下载工地伤害及预防措施下载关于贯彻落实的具体措施 来制止污染。 The work ought to have been finished long ago. 这工作早一、 情态动词的特征和形式 就该完成了。 A. 情态动词表推测 1. 形式 肯定的推测:must C. 情态动词第三人称单数一般现在时没有词形变化。 You ought to wear a raincoat. 你应该穿件雨衣。 否定的推测:can’t couldn’t She ought to wear a raincoat. 她应该穿件雨衣。 可能的推测:may might can could Plants must have oxygen in order to live. 为了存活植物疑问的推测:can could 必须有氧气。 2. 时间 对过去:情态动词+完成式(have done\have been done) A plant must have oxygen in order to live. 为了存活植物对正在进行:情态动词+be doing 必须有氧气。 对现在或将来:情态动词+do 不同的“肯定”程度可按下列层次排列: D. 情态动词的时态并不是区分时间的主要标志。在一些He is at home. (事实) 场合中，情态动词的现在式和过去式都可以表示现在时He must be at home.(非常肯定的推断) 间、过去时间或将来时间。 He could be at home.(很可能) I'm afraid it might rain tonight. 我看今晚可能要下雨。 He ought to be at home.(很可能) Could I borrow your thermos,我可以借用你的暖水吗, He may be at home.(仅仅可能而已) It's a nice day today. We could go for a walk. 今天天气不He might be at home.(或许, 非常不确定) 错，我们可以出去散散步。 也许不在家) He might not be at home.( He may not be at home. (比might可能) E. 情态动词是互相排斥的，一般不允许两个意义相近的He couldn’tbeathome.(很可能不在家) 情态动词连用。 Hecan’tbeathome.(一定不在家) 【误】Soldiers must have to obey orders. He isn't at home.(事实) 【正】Soldiers have to obey orders. 军人必须服从命令 【正】Soldiers must obey orders. 军人必须服从命令。 【误】Can I be able to borrow two books at a time? B(情态动词除ought to, used to等外，后面只接不带to 【正】Can I borrow two books at a time? 我能一次借两本 的不定式。 1(情态动词+do 【正】Will I be able to borrow two books at a time ? You shouldn't be so careless. 你不该这样粗心大意。 我能一次借两本书吗, Jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip. 杰西卡昨天告诉他，她可能不去旅行了。 二、 情态动词的意义和用法 Difficulties can and must be overcome. 困难能够而且必A. may和might 须克服。 1(表示请求、许可，常译为“可以”。 2(情态动词+be doing 在口语中可用can, could代替may，但在正式场合用 She must be listening to pop music. 她肯定在听流行音乐 may。表示允许时，也可用might代替，might不表示过 You should be reviewing your lessons. 你应该在复习功课 去时，而是表示口气比较婉转。 My mother maymight be cooking now. 妈可能正在做饭。 You may take this seat if you like. 如果你喜欢可以坐这3(情态动词+have done 个位置。 They might have visited the Great Wall. 他们可能参观过 May/Can /Could/ Might I have a talk with you ? 我可以和长城了。 你谈谈吗, He must have got up very early to catch the train. 他一定 --- May/Might I come into the room to see my mother? 我起得很早去赶火车了。 可以进房间看我母亲吗, You ought to have come earlier. 你本该早一点儿来。 --- No, you mustn't. She needs to have a good rest. 不，你4(情态动词+be done 不能进。她需要好好休息。 This word can also be used as a verb. 这个词也可以用作提示: 2 告诉我怎么去动物园吗, May I ... 问句常见的肯定回答和否定回答。 肯定回答Yes, please. He asked me whether he could take the book out of the reading room.他问我可不可以把书带出阅览室。 Certainly. Yes, of course. Sure. Go ahead, please. 否定回答 No, you can't. (最常见) 3(表示推测，可用于肯定句(can罕见)、否定句和疑问No, you mustn't. (具有强烈禁止的意思) 句，但更常见于疑问句或否定句。在此种用法中canPlease don't. You'd better not. I don't think you can. I'm sorry和‎‎ could没有时态的区别，只是表示可能性的大小，canit's not allowed. 表示推测的可能性比could大。 Can he be ill at home? 他会是生病在家吗, 2(表示推测，可译为“可能，也许”。 Your math teacher maymight be in his office. 你们的数 Can the story be true? 这个故事会是真的吗, 学老师可能在办公室里。(一般情况下，might表示的可 He cannot be at home. 他不可能在家。 能性很小) You mustn't smoke while you are walking around in the The light isn't on. It maymight be broken. 那盏灯没有亮，woods. You could start a fire. 它可能坏了。 在林子里走时一定不要吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。 There may might be some ink left in the bottle. 瓶子里也4(表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和许还剩点儿墨水。 疑问句中。 注意: How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心, 用may表示推测一般不用于疑问句，在疑问句中通常用 Where can could they have gone? 他们会去了哪里, can来代替。 He can'tcouldn't be over sixty. 他不可能超过60岁。 Can he be at home? 他可能在家吗, 5(Could可以用在虚拟条件句中。 --- Can it be true? 这可能是真的吗, If I could fly, I should be very happy. 如果我能飞， 我会 --- It may be, or may not be. 可能是，也可能不是。 很高兴。 3(用在目的状语从句中，构成谓语。 If you had followed my advice, you could have finished it. 如果你当时听我的，你早就做完了。If you had tried harder, He wants to take a taxi so that he may get there in time. 他想坐出租车，这样他就能及时到达那里。 you could have passed your exam. 如果你再努力些，你就能通过考试了。 I arrived at the airport earlier in order that I might meet him. 我早早地就到了机场为了能接到他。 ,(can与be able to的区别 4( 有时可以用于祈使句表示祝愿。 ?can表示“能力”时，和be able to相当，许多场合都可May you succeed. 祝你成功 以互相替换。但当叙述过去经过一番努力才能完成的事情May you be happy. 祝你快乐。 或前面有特殊说明，表示你有能力时，只能用be able to。 May that day come soon. 希望这一天早日到来。 【正】Can you speak any foreign languages? 你会说外语 吗, 【正】Are you able to speak any foreign languages? 你会说 B. can和could 外语吗, 1( 表示能力，可译为“能，会”。 I can swim. 我会游泳。 【误】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody Emily can dance well and her mother could dance well could escape. when she was young.艾米丽舞跳得很好，她妈妈年轻时舞【正】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody 跳得也很好。 was able to escape.大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼，但大家都逃 了出来。 The cinema can seat 1,000 people. 这电影院能容纳1，000人。 【正】The fire spread the building quickly but everybody managed to escape. 大火迅速蔓延到整幢大楼，但大家都 I could not read such an easy book when I was 7 years old. 我七岁时连如此简单的书我也看不懂。 想法逃了出来。 2( 表示允许、许可，常用在口语中。could比can语气?be able to 比can有更多形式。 No one could answer the question.没人能回答这个问题。上要客气。 Could I use your dictionary? 我可以用一下你的字典吗,(这里 could可用was able to 代替) ---Yes, go ahead. 可以，用吧。 When he grows up, he will be able to support his (或Yes, you can. 但不能说Yes, you could.) family. 他长大后就能养家了。 Could Can you tell me how to get to the zoo? 劳驾，你能 Frank is ill. He hasn't been able to go to school for one 3 week.弗兰克病了，已经一周没去上学了。 (because there is nowhere else to go) I'm sorry for not being able to help you in time. 对不起，不 ?must只有一种形式，而have to可有多种时态。 能及时帮你的忙。 They had to put off the sports meet due to the bad weather. 由于坏天气，他们不得不推迟运动会。 ?could经常和动词see, hear, smell, taste, feel, remember, understand等连用。 These last two days he has had to take a rest at home. 这两天他必须一直在家休息。 When we went into the house, we could smell something burning. ?must的否定式和have to的否定式的意思完全不同 当我们走进屋子时，我们闻到什么东西烧焦了。(不用 You must keep it a secret. You mustn't tell anyone. was able to) 必须保密，不可以告诉任何人。(mustn't表示“禁止”) You don't have to tell me the secret. 你不必告诉我这个秘 She spoke in a very low voice, but I could understand what 密。 she said. 虽然她讲话的声音很低，但我还是明白了她说的话。(don't have to 意思是“没有必要”=don'tneedto) ?在谈论说话时发生的动作，用can，不用be able to。 4(must用于表示推测，它的肯定程度比may, might, could 【误】Look! I'm able to swim. 大得多，一般只用于肯定句。 【正】Look! I can swim. 看，我会游泳了～ ?must do (这里的do通常是状态动词或系动词) ，表示 对现在状态的推测。 He must be very lazy for his desk is very untidy. 他肯定C(must和have to 很懒，因为他的课桌很不整洁。 1(must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务，强调主观看法， 可译为“必须，应该”。 Carol must get very bored with her job. She does the same Everyone must obey the rule. 人人都必须遵守 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 。 thing every day. We must do everything step by step. 我们必须逐步做每 卡罗尔肯定对她的工作厌烦了，她每天都做同样的事 件事。 ?must be doing表示对现在动作或状态的推测。 Teachers must be patient enough with their students. 老师 Put on more clothes. You must be feeling cold with only a 必须对学生有足够的耐心。 shirt on. 多穿点儿衣服，你只穿一件衬衣，肯定觉得冷。 2(have to 表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。 You can't turn right here. You have to turn left. 你不能在 ?must have done表示对过去的动作或状态的推测。 这里右拐，你必须左拐。 The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 地面是 湿的，昨晚肯定下雨了。 My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading. 我的视力很差，看书时不得不戴眼镜。 I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我没听见 电话铃响，我一定是睡着了。 You have to pass a test before you can get a driving licence 你在取得驾照之前必须先通过考试。 提示: 提示: must表示推测只用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句要用can, 在口语中，我们可以使用have got to来代替have to. could来代替must。 I've got to work on Sunday. 我不得不星期天工作。 He's just had his lunch. He can't be hungry already. When has Ann got to go?安必须什么时候走, 他刚吃过午饭，不会饿的。 3(must 与have to的比较。 They have just arrived here. They can't know many people. 他们刚到这里，不可能认识很多人。 must 与have to在表示“必须”这个意思时意义相近，但 在用法上有所区别。 Leslie walked past me without speaking. He can'tcouldn't ?must含有说话者的强烈决意(表示主观的看法)，have seen me. 莱斯利从我身边走过而没打招呼，他肯定没看见我。 have to 则表示外力环境或习惯‎‎使然(即表示客观的必 要，作“不得不”解)。 5(must可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事，可译 I must study hard. 我必须努力学习。(发自内心的决 为“必然会，总是会”。 I have to study hard. 我不得不努力学习。(外界因素逼 We all must die. 我们都会死。 迫) Truth must be out. 真相必然会大白的。 You must stay for supper. 你必须留下来吃晚饭。 Winter must be followed by spring. 冬天到了，春天还会(because I want you to) 远吗, You have to stay for supper. 你得留下来吃晚饭。 4 The window won't open. 窗子打不开。 6(must有时可用来表示“偏偏”的意思。 Why must it rain today? 为什么偏偏在今天下雨, This glass will not crack under heavy pressure. 这种玻璃 在重压下也不会破碎。 When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door. 正当我午睡时，偏偏一个学生在这个时候来敲门。 5(will表示将来时间时，不可用于条件状语从句，但will 表示意愿或决心时，可用于条件状语从句。 If you will read the book, I'll lend it to you. 如果你愿意D( will和would 读这本书，我会把它借给你。 1.will和would可用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求和建议 等。would比 will委婉客气。 If you will give up smoking, your health will improve. Will you have some tea? 你喝点茶，好吗, 如果你愿意把烟戒掉的话，你的健康状况就会好转。 Will you share your happiness with us? 你可以把你的欢6(will和would可表示推论或猜测。 乐与我们共享吗, The patient took the sleeping pills an hour ago. He will be Would you pass this book to the student in the last row? asleep now. 请你把这本书传给最后一排的学生好吗, 病人一小时前吃的安眠药，现在应该睡着了。 必背: It would be about ten when he left home.. 他大约在十点 钟离开的家。 WillWould you ... 表示请求和建议的答复。 I thought he would have told you about it. 我认为他已告肯定回答 知你此事。 Yes, please. 是的，请。 Certainly. 当然可以。 It would be raining when she went home.. 她回家时可能 Sure. 当然了。All right. 好啊～ 否定回答 正在下雨。 比较: I'm sorry. I can't. 对不起，不行。 No, thank you. 不，不行。No, I won't. 不，不行。 Would you like ...表示邀请 Do you like ...表示习惯 Do you like going go the cinema? 你喜欢看电影吗, 2(will和would可表示意志、愿望和决心，用于各种人称 陈述句。 Yes,I go to the cinema a lot. 是的，我经常去看电影。 I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。 Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? I will never tell you the secret. 我永远不会告诉你这个秘 今天晚上去看电影好吗, 密。 Yes,I'd love to. 非常乐意。 None is so blind as those who won't see. 不愿看的人眼睛 最瞎。 E(shall和should They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 1(shall 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。 ?表示征询意见或请求指示，用于一、三人称疑问句 Shall I carry it for you? 我来帮你搬它，好吗, 3(will和would可表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。will表示 Shall we sing a song? 我们唱一支歌，好吗, 现在的习惯动作，would表示过去的习惯动作。 He will surf the Internet every night. 他每天晚上都在上 Shall they wait outside? 让他们在外面等吗, 网。 Shall the waiter bring meals to your room? 要服务员把饭 送到你房间去吗, The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic 提示: go by. 那男孩常常坐在那儿好几个钟头，看着车辆行人通过 Shall I open the window? 我打开窗子好吗, He would be nervous when he met strangers. 遇见陌生人 Will you open the windo‎‎w? 你打开窗子好吗, 时他总是很紧张。 Shall he open the window? 他打开窗子好吗, In class he would ask some silly questions, and his ?表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等classmates would laugh at him. 意思，用于第二、三人称陈述句中。 课上，他总是问一些蠢问题，他的同学们总是嘲笑他 You shall。 do as I say. 按我说的做。(命令) He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 我告诉你，总有4(will可表示固执坚持，这时will不可使用'll的简略形 一天他会后悔的。(警告) 式。用于非人称主语时，表示物体的固有性质和倾向。 I will take the job, and no one can stop me. 我就要这个 You shall fall behind in your exam if you keep playing..如工作，没有人可阻止我。 果你一直玩，你就会在考试中落后。 He won't do what he's told. 他就是不愿按所吩咐的去做 Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也阻 5 止不了我们执行这项计划。(决心) Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知 He shall have the book when I finish reading. 我看完这本道‎‎他的电话号码。 书就给他看。(允诺) There's a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. I shall do my homework after reading this story book.. 今天有晚霞读，明天应该是个好天。 完这本故事书后我就做作业。 3(ought to和should一样，表示对现在或以前应做的2(should 事却没做的责怪、批评。 ?表示义务，意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种 You ought to be washing your clothes. Why are you 人称。 playing Ping-Pong Children should obey their parents. 儿童应该服从他们的 你应该在洗衣服(可是你没洗)。为什么你在打乒乓球 父母。 You ought to have handed in the exercise last week. One shouldn't be selfish. 人千万别自私。 你上周就应当交练习。(可你没交，含责备的意思。 He ought to have asked me before he took my bike. 他在 Customers who get bad service should complain, shouldn't they 没有得到满意服务的顾客应该抱怨，不是吗, 用我自行车之前应该和我讲一声。 ?与what, how, why等词连用，表示意外、惊讶等情绪4( ought to 与should的比较。 How should I know? 我怎么会知道呢 ought to 和should的含义较近，但不完全相同。ought to Why should I fear? 我为什么会害怕, 表示“应该”， 是从“义务”或“按理推断”的角度来讲的。 What should she do but cry for help? 除了呼救外，她还能should则是从说话人的个人看法这一角度来讲的。 干什么, You are her mother. You ought to look after her. I don't know why you should think I did it. 我真不知道你 你是她的母亲，你应当照管她。(是道义上的责任，不凭什么认为这件事是我干的。 能和should互换。) ?表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测，可译为“可 We should encourage him for we are his classmates. 我们应该鼓励他，我们是他的同班同学啊～ 能、照说应该”。 It should be fine tomorrow. 明天可能天是晴天。 提示: He should be taking a bath now. 他可能在洗澡。 表示“义务”时，我们在口语中可以用had better或be supposed to 来代替should和ought to。 It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack should be here at any moment. 已经快七点了，杰克随时都可能到这儿。 If you are not well, you had better ask Alice to go instead. 如果你不舒服，你最好叫艾丽丝代替你去。 The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。 I'm suppo sed to be there at 8 o'clock. 我应该八点到那里。 ?表示对现在或以前的动作的责怪、批评(应做的事却 没做)。 The boys shouldn't be playing football. They should be at school. G(used to 这些男孩子不应该在踢足球，他们应该在上课。 1(used to表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况，但现 You shouldn't have entered the teachers' office witho在已不ut 存在。 permission. He used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee. 没有允许你们不应该进老师办公室。 他过去总是喝茶但现在他喝咖啡了(强调现在不喝茶 I know where there used to be a river here. 我知道这儿以 前哪里有条河。(现在没有河了) F(ought to When I was a child I didn't use to like tomatoes. 我小时候 1(表示义务，意为“应该”(因责任、义务而该做)， 不喜欢吃西红柿。 口气比should稍重。 We ought to defend our country. 我们应当保卫我们的国 He is not what he used to be.. 他已不是原来的他了。 家。(每一个公民应尽的义务) Where did you use to live before you came here You ought to respect your parents. 你应当尊敬你的父母 来此之前你 住在什么地方, Oughtn't we to do everything possible to stop pollution. 2(would 和used to的用法区别。 难道我们不应当尽可能地制止污染吗, ?used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有 2(表示推测，暗含很大的可能，可译为“应该是，会是 不同，强调“现已无此习惯了”，而would只表示过去的Prices ought to come down soon. 价格可能会很快下跌。 情况，与现在无关。 6 When he was young, he would smoke a lot. punishment. 他年轻时总是吸许多烟。(不含有和现在比较，现在他 如果你们敢在考试中作弊，我就惩罚你们。 也许还在抽，也许不抽了。) 2(行为动词dare He used to live in the country, but now he lives in the city. ? dare可以作为行为动词，多用于肯定句中，但也可他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。 用在疑问句和否定句中 He will dare any danger. 他敢面对任何危险。 ?used to可表示过去的习惯动作或状态，而would只 He dared me to jump over the stream. 他激我跳过小溪。 表示过去的习惯动作。 Kate used to be very thin. 以前凯特非常瘦。 Did anyone dare to admit it? 有人敢于承认吗, There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has I have never dared (to) go back to take a look. 我再也不敢返回去看一眼了。(否定句中to可省略) been pulled down. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。(不用would) ?和其他行为动词一样，dare在句子中要随着主语的人 ?used to可泛指过去的习惯动作或状态，而would表称和数发生变化。 He doesn't dare to walk at night. 他不敢走夜路。(作行示过去的习惯动作时，往往要带有一个特定的时间状语 【误】We would play hide-and-seek in the fields. 为动词) 【正】We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields. 我 He daren't walk at night. 他不敢走夜路。(作情态动词 们过去常在田野里玩捉迷藏。 Does he dare to walk at night? 他敢走夜路,行为动词 【正】Whenever we were in the country, we would play Dare he walk at night? 他敢走夜路吗,(作情态动词) He didn't dare to walk at night fifteen years ago. 15年前hide-and-seek in the fields. 每当我们在乡下，我们都在田野里玩捉迷藏。 他不敢走夜路。(作行为动词) He daren't walk (=dared not walk) at night fifteen years ago.15年前他不敢走夜路。(作情态动词) H(dare Will you dare to do the same experiment tomorrow? 明天 dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作行为动词，指勇气和 你敢做同样的实验吗,(作行为动词) 胆量上的可能，可译为“敢”。 Dare you do the same experiment tomorrow, 明天你敢 1(情态动词dare 做同样的实验吗, (作情态动词) ?dare作为情态动词时主要用于疑问句和否定句，一般 不用于肯定句中。 英语口语中dare的几个常用结构: I dare not daren't walk through the forest at night. 我不敢 ?Idaresay... 我想, 大概, 可能, 或许…… 在黑夜穿过森林。 I dare say things will improve. 我想情况会好转的。 --- Dare you walk through the forest at night 你敢在黑夜 ?Howdareyou... 你怎么敢……, 穿过森林吗, How dare you ask me such a question ? 你怎么敢问我 --- Yes, I dare. 是的，我敢。 这样的问题, --- No, I daren't. 不，我不敢。 ?Idareyou... 我谅你也不敢…… He dare not drive too fast on the rainy day. 下雨天他不敢 I dare you to tell your parents!我谅你也不敢告诉你父母～ 开得太快。 He dared not do it last year. 去年他不敢做这事。(dareI(need 的过去时为dared) 1(情态动词need ?可以用于表示怀疑的名词性从句中。 need 和dare一样，作为情态动词时，主要用于否定句 I wonder how he dare say such things. 我真奇怪他怎么竟和疑问句，一般不用于肯定句中(在肯定句中常被 must, 敢说出这样的话。 have to, ought to, should等情态动词取代)。作为情态动 We don't know whether he dare climb the mountain. 我们词，它的词形只有need一种形式。 不知道他是否敢爬那座山。 You needn't return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. 你现在不必还书， 如果愿意，你可以 ?可以用于条件状语从句中。 下周还。(needn't = don't have to) If the enemy dare enter the village, we'll fight against them Need I hand in my homework now? 我现在就要交家庭to the end. 如果敌人敢进入村里，我们就和他们战斗到底。 作业吗, --- Need he finish the article next week. 他要下个星期完 If you dare cheat in your exam, I will give you some 成这篇文章吗, 7 --- Yes, he must. 是的，他必须完成。 there before. 他似乎对那个城市很熟悉，他以前可能去过 --- No, he needn't. 不，他不需要。(= he doesn't have to) 那儿。 2(行为动词need 2(表示“本来应该或可以做但没有做某事”，含有轻微 need和dare一样，也可以作行为动词，可用于肯定的句、责备口吻或遗憾。 否定句和疑问句中。行为动词need有人称和数的变化。 You might have given him more help, though you were Plant needs water. 植物需要水。 busy. 你本来应该给他更多的帮助，虽然你很忙。 My shirt needs a button. 我的衬衫需要一枚钮扣。 The proposal might have been refused. 这个建议本该拒绝My car needs repairing. 我的车该修理了。 的。 He has grown up. We don't need to worry about him. 他已 经长大了，我们不必为他担心。 B( cancould have done You don't need to buy so many things for the picnic. 你不1(表示对过去事实的推测，常用于否定句和疑问句。 必为这次野餐买这么多东西。 He can't couldn't have watched TV yesterday for he knew Patience is needed for that job. 干那工作，需要耐心。 they would have an exam. 昨天他不可能看电视，因为他知提示: 道快要考试了。 Need作为情态动态时，不要用于肯定句中。 I don't know why she didn't call me yesterday. Can (Could) 【误】She need do her homework by herself. (need作为情she have forgotten my telephone number 我不知道昨天她态动词时，不用于肯定句中) 为什么没给我打电话，难道她会把我的电话号码忘了吗 【正】She needs to do her homework by herself. 她该 He didn't come to school yesterday. Can he have been ill 独立完成家庭作业。 他昨天没来学校，难道他生病了, 2(could可表示对过去能做而未做的事感到惋惜、遗憾，三、 情态动词+动词完成式 可译成“本来是可以……的”。 “情态动词+havedone”是情态动词的一个十分重要的 Why didn't Sophie apply for the job She could have got it. 结构，这种结构有两个主要的用法。表示对过去发生的动为什么索菲不申请这项工作,她本来是能得到的 作或状态的推测或估计 Why did you stay at a hotel when you went to New York may might have done 表示“大概已经” 通常用于肯You could have stayed with Barbara. 你到纽约时为什么住定句和否定句。 宾馆,你完全可以和芭芭拉住在一起的。 might有时可用于疑问句。 Given more time, we could have done the work better. 如 can could have done 表示“可能已经” 通常用于疑问句果给我们更多的时间，我们完全可以把这项工作干得更和否定句。 好。 could有时可用于肯定句。 must have done 表示“一定已经” 只用于肯定句，具有C( must have done 较大的可能性 1(表示对过去事实有把握的推测，具有较大的可能性。 should have done表示“该”,可能性较小 表示对过去发只用于肯定句中，否定句和疑问句用cancould have done 生的动作的遗憾或责备 His watch must have stopped. 他的表肯定停了。 might have done 表示“本可以 通常用于肯定句 --- I rang your flat yesterday. A man answered but I didn't could have done 表示“本可以 通常用于肯定句。 recognize the voice. 昨天我给你家打电话，一位男士接了 should have done 表示“应该 可用于肯定句、否定句和电话，但我没听出来是谁的声音。 疑问句。 --- Oh, it must have been my brother Peter. 哦，那一定是 ought to have done 表示“应该” 同should have done。 我哥哥彼得。 needn't have done 表示“本没有必要” 只用于否定句。 2(用于虚拟语气中时，表示与过去事实相反。 You must have caught the bus if you had got up earlier. 如 果你早一点儿起床的话，你准能赶上那一班公共汽车了。A( may /might /have done (事实上没有赶上公共汽车) 1(表示对过去事实不大肯定的推测，常译为“可能已 经”。 He must have won the game if he had been careful enough. They might have taken a later train. 也许他们乘坐的是晚如果他足够细心的话，他准能赢得比赛。. 一点儿的火车。 He seems to know the city quite well. He may have been 8 我没能开车送他回家。 D( needn't have done Will you be able to help me learn English tomorrow?明天你 用于对过去的责备，表示“没有必要做某事，可是做了”。 能帮助我学习英语吗, The airport is close to us. You needn't have hurried there early. 机场离这儿很近，你没必要早早地赶到那里。(可 是你早早地到那儿了) 2.表示请求或允许，意为“可以”时，用can、could或 He is still young. You needn't have sent him such an may均可，只不过can比may更正式，could比can语气expensive present. 他还小，你没必要送他这么昂贵的礼更委婉。 Can I park my car in front of your office?我能把我的车停物。 在你的办公室前面吗, 注意:如表示“过去不必做也没有做”之意，需用didn't ----Could I use your bike now?----Certainly. Go ahead. need to do。 May I have a look at the photos that you took yesterday?我 It is not cold today. I didn't need to take the thick sweaters 能看一下你昨天拍的照片吗, out. 今天天气不冷，我没有必要把厚毛衣拿出来。(实际 上也没拿) 3. must, can, may/might表推测时的用法。 表推测时must用于肯定句，can用于疑问句和否定句，E( shouldought to have done may/might用于肯定句和否定句。must用于否定句时不表1(表示对过去动作的责备或批评。 推测，表示“禁止，千万不做„”。 You should have gone over your lessons. (In fact you didn't go over your lessons.) 你们应把功课复习好的。(可事实The man standing over there must be a doctor.站在那边的 那个男子一定是个医生。 上你们没有。) The man standing over there can’t be a doctor.站在那边的 You shouldn't have watched TV last night. (In fact you watched TV last night.) 你们昨天晚上本不该看电视。(可那个男子不可能是个医生。 你们看了。) He may be out now.他可能出去了。 I think you mustn’t change the way that you live.我想你千 You oughtn't to have entered the teachers' office without permission. 没有经过允许，你们本不该进老师的办万公室不要改变你 的生活方式。(这句中的must不表推测，表 You oughtn't to have gone to the deserted place alone. 你禁止。) 不该独自去那荒凉之地。 can和may表推测都可用于否定句，但can’t的意思是2(表示期待或推测。 “不可能”，may not的意思是“可能不”。可见can’t的否 定意味更强。 If the flight was on time, you should ought to have arrived in Shanghai early this morning. 如果航班准点的话，你今早A teacher like her may not be popular with the students. 就能到上海了。 像她这样的老师可能不会受到学生的欢迎。 A teacher like her can not be popular with the students. The building should ought to have been completed by the end of the week. 这幢建筑物本周末前应该能完工。 像她这样的老师不可能会受到学生的欢迎。 F(would have done表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果4. can和may都可以用于肯定句中表示可能性，注意它 I would have been happy to see him, but I didn't have time. 们的的区别。can表示可能性时是“理论上的(或逻辑上我会很高兴和他见面的，但我没时间见他。 的)可能性”，并不是说话人的主观猜测，意为“有时 If your father had still been alive, he would have felt very 会„”。may表示的是“现实的可能性”。 proud of you. 你父亲如果还健在的话，他会为你骄傲的。In the north of Canada it can snow in June.在加拿大的北部 六月份有时会下雪。 注意点 The road is narrow and it can be blocked sometimes.这条路 窄，有时会堵车。 1.表示能力，意为“能，会”，用can, could, be able to Jane has promised she will be here at 8:30,but it is 9:00 now 均可，could是can的过去式。区别是:can只有过去时 and she hasn’t turned up. The road may be blocked. 简答应could，而be able to有多种时态。 John can speak three foreign languages fluently.约翰能流8:30到这儿，但现在9:00了她还没到。路上可能堵利地说三门外语。 车了。 John could swim when he was four.约翰四岁时就会游泳。 I regretted that I hadn’t been able to drive him home.我后悔5. shall是近几年全国各省市高考中考查频率较高的一个 9 重点情态助动词。主要掌握以下内容:shall与第一人称搭She must have read the novel lastweek,didn’tshe? 配，用于疑问句，表提出请求或征求意见;与二、三人You must have told her about it, haven’tyou? 称搭配，用于陈述句(肯定句和否定句)，表警告、威胁、Shemusthavehadaverygoodtime,didn’tshe? 允诺、命令、强制、决心等。 He must have lived here at least ten years,hasn’the? Shall he open the window?他打开窗户好吗,(征求意见) 2.当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，疑问部分可用You shall get the justice that you want.你会得到你想要的usedn’t或didn’t 公平。(表允诺) The old man used to smoke,didn’the?或usedn’the? You shall not use my camera if you don’t use it properly.如3. 当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时，疑问部分果你不正确使用，我不会让你使用我的照相机(表警告) 用oughtn’t或shouldn’t No, he shan’t go.不! 他不能去。(表命令) We ought to read this book, oughtn’twe?或shouldn’twe? Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.什么也阻4.当陈述部分含有had better时，疑问部分用had 挡不了我们实施这项计划。(表决心) You’dbetter finish your homeworknow,hadn’tyou? 5.陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't 6. must和should推测之外的用法。 +主语(didn't +主语) 上面讲了must在肯定句中表推测的用法，must在肯定句 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 中还有“必须”的用法。注意二者不要混淆。另外，must6. 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't 还有“偏偏，非要做„”的意思。 +主语 We must do everything step by step.我们一定要一步一个He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 脚印地做每一件事情。 7. 情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问用 need If you must smoke, please go outside.如果你非要抽烟，请出(dare ) +主语We need not do it again, need we ? 去。 He dare not say so, dare you/he? + 主When everybody was in bed, he must turned the radio on.大当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do 语。She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 家都上床睡觉了，他偏偏把收音机打开了。 should表示吃惊、赞叹、不满等情绪，是高考热点。 It’s wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years.这几年你们有了这么大的成就真了不起。 You can’t imagine a gentleman like him should treat a lady so rudely.你想象不出来象他这样一位绅士竟然会如此粗 鲁地对待一位女士。 情态动词的反义疑问句 1(当陈述句部分有情态动词must时 (1)must表示“必须、禁止“时，反意疑问部分要用must (mustn’t)。 You mustn’tstopyourcarhere,mustyou? (2)must表示“有必要”时，反意疑问句部分要用 needn’t。 They must finish the work today, needn’tthey? You must see the doctor, needn’tyou? (3)当must用来表示对现在的情况进行“推测”时，反意 疑问部分要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。 He must be good at maths,isn’the? (4)当must用来表示对过去的情况进行“推测”(must + have done)时: a). 单纯表示对过去的推测, 与现在无关, 反意疑问句附 加部分用过去式。 b). 表示对过去的推测且影响到现在或持续现在, 反意疑 问句附加部分用现在完成式。 10