2010 伦敦平等法案

2010伦敦平等法案2010equalityact---whatisit？---whyisitimportant？---what’swrong/right/bad/goodaboutthis?TheEqualityAct2010[1]isanActofParliamentoftheUnitedKingdom.TheprimarypurposeoftheActistocodifythecomplicatedandnumerousarrayofActsandRegulations,whichformedthebasisofanti-discriminationlawinGreatBritain.Thiswas,primarily,theEqualPayAct1970,theSexDiscriminationAct1975,theRaceRelationsAct1976,theDisabilityDiscriminationAct1995andthreemajorstatutoryinstrumentsprotectingdiscriminationinemploymentongroundsofreligionorbelief,sexualorientationandage.ThislegislationhasthesamegoalsasthefourmajorEUEqualTreatmentDirectives,whoseprovisionsitmirrorsandimplements.[2]Itrequiresequaltreatmentinaccesstoemploymentaswellasprivateandpublicservices,regardlessoftheprotectedcharacteristicsofage,disability,genderreassignment,marriageandcivilpartnership,race,religionorbelief,sex,andsexualorientation.Inthecaseofgender,therearespecialprotectionsforpregnantwomen.However,theActallowstranssexualpeopletobebarredfromgender-specificservicesifthatis"aproportionatemeansofachievingalegitimateaim".[3]Inthecaseofdisability,employersandserviceprovidersareunderadutytomakereasonableadjustmentstotheirworkplacestoovercomebarriersexperiencedbydisabledpeople.Inthisregard,theEqualityAct2010didnotchangethelaw.Unders.217,withlimitedexceptionstheActdoesnotapplytoNorthernIreland.Part1Socio-economicinequalities(butthiswillnotcomeintoforce[7][notincitationgiven])Part2Equality:keyconceptsChapter1Protectedcharacteristics[8]Chapter2Prohibitedconduct[9]Part3ServicesandpublicfunctionsPart4PremisesPart5WorkChapter1Employment,etc.Chapter2OccupationalpensionschemesChapter3EqualityoftermsChapter4SupplementaryPart6EducationChapter1SchoolsChapter2FurtherandhighereducationChapter3GeneralqualificationsbodiesChapter4MiscellaneousPart7AssociationsPart8Prohibitedconduct:ancillaryPart9EnforcementChapter1IntroductoryChapter2CivilcourtsChapter3EmploymenttribunalsChapter4EqualityoftermsChapter5MiscellaneousPart10Contracts,etc.Part11AdvancementofequalityChapter1PublicsectorequalitydutyChapter2PositiveactionPart12Disabledpersons:transportChapter1Taxisetc.Chapter2PublicservicevehiclesChapter3RailvehiclesChapter4SupplementaryPart13Disability:miscellaneous[14]Part14Generalexceptions[15]Part15GeneralandmiscellaneousDebate[edit]Reformofthemonarchy[edit]InApril2008,SolicitorGeneralVeraBairdannouncedthataspartoftheSingleEqualityBill,legislationwouldbeintroducedtorepealpartsoftheActofSettlement1701thatpreventRomanCatholicsorthosewhomarryRomanCatholicsfromascendingtothethrone,andtochangetheinheritanceofthemonarchyfromcognaticprimogenituretoabsoluteprimogeniture,i.e.thefirst-bornheirwouldinheritthethroneregardlessofhisorhergenderorreligion.[16]However,AttorneyGeneralTheBaronessScotlandofAsthalsubsequentlyruledtherewouldbenochangeinthelawofsuccessionin2008,saying,"Tobringaboutchangestothelawonsuccessionwouldbeacomplexundertakinginvolvingamendmentorrepealofanumberofitemsofrelatedlegislation,aswellasrequiringtheconsentoflegislaturesofmembernationsoftheCommonwealth".[17]Thepublisheddraftbilldidnotcontainanyprovisionstochangesuccessionlaws.CognaticprimogeniturefortheBritishmonarchywasinsteadabolishedthreeyearsaftertheEqualityActcameintoforce,withthepassingoftheSuccessiontotheCrownAct2013.Bishopopposition[edit]AlthoughtheActwasnevergoingtochangethelawfromitsexistingposition,orbindingEuropeanUnionlawwhichcoversmanymoreCatholicsthanintheUK,andthispositionwasspelledoutintheHighCourtinR(Amicus)vSecretaryofStateforTradeandIndustry[18]asmallnumberofRomanCatholicBishopsofEnglandandWalesmadeclaimsthattheycouldbeprosecutedundertheEqualityAct2010forrefusingtoallowmarriedmen,women,transsexualpeopleandgaypeopleintothepriesthood.[19][20][21]ThelegislationhasalsoattractedcriticismfromlocalAnglicanclergy.[22]Thisclaimhasbeenrejectedbythegovernment.Aspokespersonhassaidanexemption"coversministersofreligionsuchasCatholicpriests"[19]andadocumentreleasedbytheGovernmentEqualitiesOfficestatesthatthat"theEqualityBillwillnotchangetheexistinglegalpositionregardingchurchesandemployment".[23]