管理会计作业(chapter16-20)Chapter16P757a. (1)Directmaterialspurchased$410,000 (2)Directmaterialsused: Materialsinventory,beginningofyear$22,000 Add:Purchasesofdirectmaterials410,000 Costofdirectmaterialsavailableforuse$432,000 Less:Materialsinventory,endofyear26,000 Costofdirectmaterialsused$406,000 (3) Paymentsofdirectlaborpayrolls$189,000 (4) Directlaborcostassignedtoproduction$192,000 (5)Totalmanufacturingcosts: Directmaterialsused[parta(2)]$406,000 Directlaborcost192,000 Manufacturingoverhead393,600 Totalmanufacturingcosts$991,600 (6)Costoffinishedgoodsmanufactured: Workinprocessinventory,beginningofyear$5,000 Add:Totalmanufacturingcosts[parta(5)]991,600 Costofallgoodsinprocessduringtheyear$996,600 Less:Workinprocessinventory,endofyear9,000 Costoffinishedgoodsmanufactured$987,600 (7)Costofgoodssold: Beginninginventoryoffinishedgoods$38,000 Add:Costoffinishedgoodsmanufactured[parta(6)]987,600 Costofgoodsavailableforsale$1,025,600 Less:Endinginventoryoffinishedgoods25,000 Costofgoodssold$1,000,600 (8)Totalinventory: Materialsinventory$26,000 Workinprocessinventory9,000 Finishedgoodsinventory25,000 Totalinventory$60,000b.HILLSDALEMANUFACTURINGCORP. ScheduleoftheCostofFinishedGoodsManufactured FortheYearEndedDecember31,20__Workinprocessinventory,beginningofyear $5,000Add:Manufacturingcostsassignedtoproduction: Directmaterialsused[parta(2)]$406,000 Directlabor192,000 Manufacturingoverhead393,600 Totalmanufacturingcosts 991,600Costofallgoodsinprocessduringtheyear $996,600Less:Workinprocess,endofyear 9,000Costoffinishedgoodsmanufactured $987,600Chapter16P761a. Purchasesofdirectmaterials$360,000b. Costofdirectmaterialsused: Materialsinventory,beginningofyear$18,000 Add:Purchasesofdirectmaterials360,000 Costofmaterialsavailableforuse$378,000 Less:Materialsinventory,endofyear14,000 Costofdirectmaterialsused$364,000c. Directlaborpayrollspaidduringtheyear$225,000d. Directlaborcostsassignedtoproduction$230,000e. Overheadcostsduringtheyear$400,000 Unitsintheactivitybase(directlaborcosts) 230,000 Overheadstatedasapercentageofdirectlaborcosts ($400,000÷$230,000)174% f. Directmaterialsused(partb)$364,000 Directlaborcostsassignedtoproduction230,000 Manufacturingoverheadappliedtoproduction400,000 Totalmanufacturingcostschargedtoworkinprocess$994,000g. Costsoffinishedgoodsmanufactured: Workinprocessinventory,beginningofyear$20,000 Add:Totalmanufacturingcosts(partf)994,000 Costofallgoodsinprocessduringtheyear$1,014,000 Less:Costofworkinprocessinventory,endofyear25,000 Costoffinishedgoodsmanufactured$989,000h. Costofgoodssold: Beginninginventoryoffinishedgoods$98,000 Add:Costoffinishedgoodsmanufactured(partg)989,000 Costofgoodsavailableforsale$1,087,000 Less:Endinginventoryoffinishedgoods110,000 Costofgoodssold$977,000i. Totalinventoryatyear-end: Materialsinventory$14,000 Workinprocessinventory25,000 Finishedgoodsinventory110,000 Totalinventory$149,000Chapter17P802a.DepartmentOneoverheadapplicationratebasedonmachine-hours:ManufacturingOverhead=$420,000=$35permachine-hourMachine-Hours12,000DepartmentTwooverheadapplicationratebasedondirectlaborhours:ManufacturingOverhead=$337,500=$perdirectlaborhourDirectLaborHours15,000b.Jobno.58: Dept.OneDept.TwoTotalDirectmaterials $10,100$7,600$17,700Directlabor 16,50011,10027,600Manufacturingoverhead: 750machine-hours×$35perhour 26,250 26,250 740directlaborhours×$perhour 16,65016,650Totalcostofjobno.58 $88,200c. GeneralJournal CostofGoodsSold 88,200 FinishedGoodsInventory 88,200 Torecordcostofgoodssold(jobno.58) toCityFurniture. AccountsReceivable(CityFurniture)147,000 Sales 147,000 TorecordrevenuefromsaletoCityFurniture. d. Dept.OneDept.Two ActualmanufacturingoverheadforJanuary $39,010$26,540 Manufacturingoverheadappliedtojobs: 1,100machine-hours×$35perhour38,500 1,200directlaborhours×$perhour 27,000 Underappliedmanufacturingoverhead—Dept.One$510 Overappliedmanufacturingoverhead—Dept.Two $460Chapter17P805a.Budgetedmanufacturingoverhead$24,600 Budgeteddirectlaborhours(DLH)÷2,500 Manufacturingoverheadapplicationrate$perDLH ManufacturingoverheadallocatedusingDLHBasicChunksCustomCuts 50,000bags×DLHperbag×$perDLH$4,920 20,000cases×DLHpercase×$perDLH $19,680 b.PercentofcostdriverassignedtoeachproductlineBasicChunksCustomCuts Kilowatthours: BasicChunks(90,000KWH÷100,000KWH)90% CustomCuts(10,000KWH÷100,000KWH) 10% Machinehours: BasicChunks(160MH÷200NH)80% CustomCuts(40MH÷200MH) 20% Squarefeetoccupied: BasicChunks(60,000Sq.Ft.÷80,000Sq.Ft.)75% CustomCuts(20,000Sq.Ft.÷80,000Sq.Ft.) 25% Directlaborhours: BasicChunks(500DLH÷2,500DLH)20% CustomCuts(2,000DLH÷2,500DLH) 80% ManufacturingoverheadallocatedusingABCBasicChunksCustomCuts Utilitiescostpool(usingKWHasacostdriver): BasicChunks(90%×$8,000)$7,200 CustomCuts(10%×$8,000) $800 Maintenancecostpool(usingMHasacostdriver): BasicChunks(80%×$1,000)$800 CustomCuts(20%×$1,000) $200 Depreciationcostpool(usingSq.Ft.asacostdriver): BasicChunks(75%×$15,000)$11,250 CustomCuts(25%×$15,000) $3,750 Miscellaneouscostpool(usingDLHasacostdriver): BasicChunks(20%×$600)$120 CustomCuts(80%×$600) $480 TotaloverheadallocatedtoeachproductlineusingABC$19,370$5,230c.TotalmanufacturingcostsallocatedtoeachproductlineBasicChunksCustomCuts DirectLabor: BasicChunks(50,000bags×$12perDLH×DLH)$6,000 CustomCuts(20,000cases×$12perDLH×DLH) $24,000 DirectMaterials: BasicChunks(50,000bags×$2perbag)$100,000 CustomCuts(20,000cases×$4percase) $80,000 ManufacturingOverhead(allocateusingABC): BasicChunks(frompartb)$19,370 CustomCuts(frompartb) $5,230 TotalcostallocatedusingABC$125,370$109,230 d.TheCustomCutsproductlineisverylaborintensiveincomparisontotheBasicChunksproductline.Thus,thecompany’scurrentpracticeofusingdirectlaborhourstoallocateoverheadresultsintheassignmentofadisproportionateamountoftotaloverheadtotheCustomCutsproductline.Ifpricingdecisionsaresetasafixedpercentageabovethemanufacturingcostsassignedtoeachproduct,theCustomCutsproductlineisoverpricedinthemarketplacewhereastheBasicChunksproductlineiscurrentlypricedatanartificiallylowpriceinthemarketplace.ThisprobablyexplainswhysalesofBasicChunksremainstrongwhilesalesofCustomCutsareonthedecline.e.Thebenefitsthecompanywouldachievebyimplementinganactivity-basedcostingsysteminclude:(1)abetteridentificationofitsoperatinginefficiencies,(2)abetterunderstandingofitsoverheadcoststructure,(3)abetterunderstandingoftheresourcerequirementsofeachproductline,(4)thepotentialtoincreasethesellingpriceofBasicChunkstomakeitmorecomparabletocompetitivebrandsandpossiblydosowithouthavingtosacrificesignificantmarketshare,and(5)theabilitytodecreasethesellingpriceofCustomCutswithouthavingtosacrificeproductquality.Chapter18P835B.Ex.a.jobcosting(eachprojectofaconstructioncompanyisunique)b.bothjobandprocesscosting(institutionalclientsmayrepresentuniquejobs)c.jobcosting(eachsetofequipmentisuniquelydesignedandmanufactured)d.processcosting(thedoghousesareuniformlymanufacturedinhighvolumes)e.processcosting(thevitaminsandsupplementsareuniformlymanufacturedinhighvolumes)Chapter18P841PartI.PhysicalFlowTotalUnitsInputs: •BeginningWIP-0-•Started4,000Dishwasherstoaccountfor4,000Outputs: •Unitscompleted4,000•EndingWIP-0-Dishwashersaccountedfor4,000 PartII.EquivalentUnits DirectMaterialsConversionCostsBasedonmonthlyinput: •BeginningWIP -0--0-•Unitsstarted 4,0004,000Equivalentunitsofinput 4,0004,000Basedonmonthlyoutput: •Unitscompleted 4,0004,000•EndingWIP -0- -0-Equivalentunitsofoutput 4,0004,000 PartIII.CostPerEquivalentUnitTotalUnitCostDirectMaterialsConversionCostsCostsfromTubDepartment $150,000$30,000CostsfromMotorDepartment 96,00024,000TOTAL $246,000$54,000Dividebyequivalentunits ÷4,000 ÷4,000Costsperequivalentunit$$$ PartIV.TotalCostAssignmentTotalCostsDirectMaterialsConversionCostsCoststoaccountfor: •CostofbeginningWIP$-0- •Costaddedduringtheperiod300,000 Totalcosttoaccountfor$300,000 Costsaccountedfor: •Costofgoodstransferred BeginningWIPlastperiod$-0-$-0- $ -0- BeginningWIPthisperiod-0--0--0- Startedandcompleted300,000246,000a54,000bTotalcosttransferred$300,000$246,000$54,000•AddendingWIP -0--0--0-Totalcostaccountedfor$300,000$246,000$54,000 a4,000EU@$=$246,000b4,000EU@$=$54,000Chapter18P845a.(1)$49[($192,000+$48,000+$54,000)÷6,000units](2)$109[($480,000+$108,000+$66,000)÷6,000units](3)$158($49+$109)(4)$32($192,000÷6,000units)(5)$18($108,000÷6,000units)b.InevaluatingtheoverallefficiencyoftheEngineDepartment,managementwouldlookatthemonthlyper-unitcostincurredbythatdepartment,whichisthecostofassemblingandinstallinganengine($109inparta).Chapter20P918a.Requiredcontributionmarginperunit BudgetedoperatingIncome $260,000 Fixedcosts 540,000 Totalrequiredcontributionmargin $800,000 Numberofunitstobeproducedandsold 50,000 Requiredcontributionmarginperunit ($800,000÷$50,000units) $16 Requiredsalespriceperunit: Requiredcontributionmarginperunit $16 Variablecostsandexpensesperunit 84 Totalrequiredunitsalesprice $100 b.Break-EvenSalesVolume(inunits)=FixedCostsContributionMarginperUnit=$540,000$16=33,750units c.Marginofsafetyat50,000units: Salesvolumeat50,000units($100×50,000units) $5,000,000 Less:Break-evensalesvolume($100×$33,750units) 3,375,000 Marginofsafety $1,625,000 OperatingIncomeat50,000units: Marginofsafety $1,625,000 Contributionmarginration($100-$84)÷$100 .16 OperatingIncome($1,625,000×.16) $260,000d.No.Withaunitsalespriceof$94,thebreak-evensalesvolumeinunitsis54,000units:Unitcontributionmargin=$94-$84variablecosts=$10Break-evensalesvolume(inunits)=$540,000$10=54,000unitsUnlessThermalTenthastheabilitytomanufacture54,000units(orlowerfixedand/orvariablecosts),settingtheunitsalespriceat$94willnotenableThermalTenttobreakeven.Chapter20P918 a.Salespriceperunit: Budgetedcots$2,250,000 Add:Budgetedoperatingincome900,000 Budgetedsalesrevenue$3,150,000 Salespriceperunit($3,150,000÷30,000units)$105 b.(1)Totalfixedcosts: Manufacturingoverhead($720,000×75%)$540,000 Sellingandadminstrativeexpenses($600,000×80%)480,000 Totalfixedcosts$1,020,000 (2)Variablecostsandexpensesperunit: Directmaterials$21 Directlabor10 Manufacturingoverhead($24×25%)6 Sellingandadministrativeexpense($20×20%)4 Totalvariablecostsperunit$41 (3)Unitcontributionmargin: Salespriceperunit$121 Less:Variablecostsperunit[from(2)]41 Unitcontributionmargin$80 (4)Numberofunitsrequiredtobreakeven: Fixedcosts[from(1)]$1,020,000 Contributionmarginperunit[from(3)]$80 Numberofunitsrequiredtobreakeven($1,020,000÷$80)12,750Chapter20P920a. Variablecostsperunitbefore15%increaseinthecostof directlabor $60 Increaseincostofdirectlabor,15%of$20 3 Variablecostsandexpensesperunit after15%increaseinthecostofdirectlabor $63 Becausethecontributionmarginratioof40%isrequired, thevariablecostsof$63perunitmustequal60% ofsalespriceafterthewageincrease. Newsalesprice,$63÷.60 $105 Salespricebeforeincrease 100 Requiredincreaseinsalespriceperunit $5 b. Unitcontributionmargin: Salespriceperunit $100 Less:Variablecostsperunit following15%increaseindirectlaborcost(parta) 63 Unitcontributionmargin $37 Salesvolumerequiredtomaintaincurrentoperatingincome:SalesVolumeFixedCosts+TargetOperatingIncomeUnitContributionMargin$390,000+$350,000=$20,000units$37c. CurrentAfter CapacityExpansion (20,000Units)(25,000Units) Totalcontributionmargin($37perunit)$740,000$925,000 Less:Fixedcosts 390,000530,000* Operatingincomeatfullcapacity$350,000$395,000 *$390,000+additionaldepreciationperyearonnew machinery,$140,000(20%of$700,000).
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