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会计学-企业决策的基础 答案

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会计学-企业决策的基础 答案管理会计作业(chapter16-20)Chapter16P757a. (1)Directmaterialspurchased$410,000  (2)Directmaterialsused:     Materialsinventory,beginningofyear$22,000    Add:Purchasesofdirectmaterials410,000    Costofdirectmaterialsavailableforuse$432,0...

会计学-企业决策的基础 答案
管理会计作业(chapter16-20)Chapter16P757a. (1)Directmaterialspurchased$410,000  (2)Directmaterialsused:     Materialsinventory,beginningofyear$22,000    Add:Purchasesofdirectmaterials410,000    Costofdirectmaterialsavailableforuse$432,000    Less:Materialsinventory,endofyear26,000    Costofdirectmaterialsused$406,000  (3) Paymentsofdirectlaborpayrolls$189,000  (4) Directlaborcostassignedtoproduction$192,000  (5)Totalmanufacturingcosts:     Directmaterialsused[parta(2)]$406,000    Directlaborcost192,000    Manufacturingoverhead393,600    Totalmanufacturingcosts$991,600  (6)Costoffinishedgoodsmanufactured:     Workinprocessinventory,beginningofyear$5,000    Add:Totalmanufacturingcosts[parta(5)]991,600    Costofallgoodsinprocessduringtheyear$996,600    Less:Workinprocessinventory,endofyear9,000    Costoffinishedgoodsmanufactured$987,600        (7)Costofgoodssold:     Beginninginventoryoffinishedgoods$38,000    Add:Costoffinishedgoodsmanufactured[parta(6)]987,600    Costofgoodsavailableforsale$1,025,600    Less:Endinginventoryoffinishedgoods25,000    Costofgoodssold$1,000,600  (8)Totalinventory:     Materialsinventory$26,000    Workinprocessinventory9,000    Finishedgoodsinventory25,000    Totalinventory$60,000b.HILLSDALEMANUFACTURINGCORP. ScheduleoftheCostofFinishedGoodsManufactured FortheYearEndedDecember31,20__Workinprocessinventory,beginningofyear   $5,000Add:Manufacturingcostsassignedtoproduction:     Directmaterialsused[parta(2)]$406,000  Directlabor192,000  Manufacturingoverhead393,600   Totalmanufacturingcosts 991,600Costofallgoodsinprocessduringtheyear   $996,600Less:Workinprocess,endofyear   9,000Costoffinishedgoodsmanufactured   $987,600Chapter16P761a. Purchasesofdirectmaterials$360,000b. Costofdirectmaterialsused:    Materialsinventory,beginningofyear$18,000   Add:Purchasesofdirectmaterials360,000   Costofmaterialsavailableforuse$378,000   Less:Materialsinventory,endofyear14,000   Costofdirectmaterialsused$364,000c. Directlaborpayrollspaidduringtheyear$225,000d. Directlaborcostsassignedtoproduction$230,000e. Overheadcostsduringtheyear$400,000  Unitsintheactivitybase(directlaborcosts) 230,000  Overheadstatedasapercentageofdirectlaborcosts   ($400,000÷$230,000)174%      f. Directmaterialsused(partb)$364,000  Directlaborcostsassignedtoproduction230,000  Manufacturingoverheadappliedtoproduction400,000   Totalmanufacturingcostschargedtoworkinprocess$994,000g. Costsoffinishedgoodsmanufactured:    Workinprocessinventory,beginningofyear$20,000   Add:Totalmanufacturingcosts(partf)994,000   Costofallgoodsinprocessduringtheyear$1,014,000   Less:Costofworkinprocessinventory,endofyear25,000   Costoffinishedgoodsmanufactured$989,000h. Costofgoodssold:    Beginninginventoryoffinishedgoods$98,000   Add:Costoffinishedgoodsmanufactured(partg)989,000   Costofgoodsavailableforsale$1,087,000   Less:Endinginventoryoffinishedgoods110,000   Costofgoodssold$977,000i. Totalinventoryatyear-end:    Materialsinventory$14,000   Workinprocessinventory25,000   Finishedgoodsinventory110,000    Totalinventory$149,000Chapter17P802a.DepartmentOneoverheadapplicationratebasedonmachine-hours:ManufacturingOverhead=$420,000=$35permachine-hourMachine-Hours12,000DepartmentTwooverheadapplicationratebasedondirectlaborhours:ManufacturingOverhead=$337,500=$perdirectlaborhourDirectLaborHours15,000b.Jobno.58:                    Dept.OneDept.TwoTotalDirectmaterials     $10,100$7,600$17,700Directlabor     16,50011,10027,600Manufacturingoverhead:         750machine-hours×$35perhour 26,250 26,250 740directlaborhours×$perhour 16,65016,650Totalcostofjobno.58   $88,200c.         GeneralJournal             CostofGoodsSold   88,200     FinishedGoodsInventory   88,200   Torecordcostofgoodssold(jobno.58)     toCityFurniture.       AccountsReceivable(CityFurniture)147,000     Sales   147,000   TorecordrevenuefromsaletoCityFurniture.  d.                          Dept.OneDept.Two   ActualmanufacturingoverheadforJanuary   $39,010$26,540   Manufacturingoverheadappliedtojobs:      1,100machine-hours×$35perhour38,500     1,200directlaborhours×$perhour 27,000   Underappliedmanufacturingoverhead—Dept.One$510    Overappliedmanufacturingoverhead—Dept.Two $460Chapter17P805a.Budgetedmanufacturingoverhead$24,600  Budgeteddirectlaborhours(DLH)÷2,500  Manufacturingoverheadapplicationrate$perDLH     ManufacturingoverheadallocatedusingDLHBasicChunksCustomCuts 50,000bags×DLHperbag×$perDLH$4,920      20,000cases×DLHpercase×$perDLH $19,680    b.PercentofcostdriverassignedtoeachproductlineBasicChunksCustomCuts Kilowatthours:   BasicChunks(90,000KWH÷100,000KWH)90%  CustomCuts(10,000KWH÷100,000KWH) 10%     Machinehours:   BasicChunks(160MH÷200NH)80%  CustomCuts(40MH÷200MH) 20%     Squarefeetoccupied:   BasicChunks(60,000Sq.Ft.÷80,000Sq.Ft.)75%  CustomCuts(20,000Sq.Ft.÷80,000Sq.Ft.) 25%     Directlaborhours:   BasicChunks(500DLH÷2,500DLH)20%  CustomCuts(2,000DLH÷2,500DLH) 80%     ManufacturingoverheadallocatedusingABCBasicChunksCustomCuts Utilitiescostpool(usingKWHasacostdriver):   BasicChunks(90%×$8,000)$7,200  CustomCuts(10%×$8,000) $800     Maintenancecostpool(usingMHasacostdriver):   BasicChunks(80%×$1,000)$800  CustomCuts(20%×$1,000) $200     Depreciationcostpool(usingSq.Ft.asacostdriver):   BasicChunks(75%×$15,000)$11,250  CustomCuts(25%×$15,000) $3,750     Miscellaneouscostpool(usingDLHasacostdriver):   BasicChunks(20%×$600)$120  CustomCuts(80%×$600) $480 TotaloverheadallocatedtoeachproductlineusingABC$19,370$5,230c.TotalmanufacturingcostsallocatedtoeachproductlineBasicChunksCustomCuts DirectLabor:   BasicChunks(50,000bags×$12perDLH×DLH)$6,000  CustomCuts(20,000cases×$12perDLH×DLH) $24,000     DirectMaterials:   BasicChunks(50,000bags×$2perbag)$100,000  CustomCuts(20,000cases×$4percase) $80,000     ManufacturingOverhead(allocateusingABC):   BasicChunks(frompartb)$19,370  CustomCuts(frompartb) $5,230 TotalcostallocatedusingABC$125,370$109,230    d.TheCustomCutsproductlineisverylaborintensiveincomparisontotheBasicChunksproductline.Thus,thecompany’scurrentpracticeofusingdirectlaborhourstoallocateoverheadresultsintheassignmentofadisproportionateamountoftotaloverheadtotheCustomCutsproductline.Ifpricingdecisionsaresetasafixedpercentageabovethemanufacturingcostsassignedtoeachproduct,theCustomCutsproductlineisoverpricedinthemarketplacewhereastheBasicChunksproductlineiscurrentlypricedatanartificiallylowpriceinthemarketplace.ThisprobablyexplainswhysalesofBasicChunksremainstrongwhilesalesofCustomCutsareonthedecline.e.Thebenefitsthecompanywouldachievebyimplementinganactivity-basedcostingsysteminclude:(1)abetteridentificationofitsoperatinginefficiencies,(2)abetterunderstandingofitsoverheadcoststructure,(3)abetterunderstandingoftheresourcerequirementsofeachproductline,(4)thepotentialtoincreasethesellingpriceofBasicChunkstomakeitmorecomparabletocompetitivebrandsandpossiblydosowithouthavingtosacrificesignificantmarketshare,and(5)theabilitytodecreasethesellingpriceofCustomCutswithouthavingtosacrificeproductquality.Chapter18P835B.Ex.a.jobcosting(eachprojectofaconstructioncompanyisunique)b.bothjobandprocesscosting(institutionalclientsmayrepresentuniquejobs)c.jobcosting(eachsetofequipmentisuniquelydesignedandmanufactured)d.processcosting(thedoghousesareuniformlymanufacturedinhighvolumes)e.processcosting(thevitaminsandsupplementsareuniformlymanufacturedinhighvolumes)Chapter18P841PartI.PhysicalFlowTotalUnitsInputs: •BeginningWIP-0-•Started4,000Dishwasherstoaccountfor4,000Outputs: •Unitscompleted4,000•EndingWIP-0-Dishwashersaccountedfor4,000     PartII.EquivalentUnits DirectMaterialsConversionCostsBasedonmonthlyinput:   •BeginningWIP -0--0-•Unitsstarted 4,0004,000Equivalentunitsofinput 4,0004,000Basedonmonthlyoutput:   •Unitscompleted 4,0004,000•EndingWIP -0- -0-Equivalentunitsofoutput 4,0004,000    PartIII.CostPerEquivalentUnitTotalUnitCostDirectMaterialsConversionCostsCostsfromTubDepartment $150,000$30,000CostsfromMotorDepartment  96,00024,000TOTAL $246,000$54,000Dividebyequivalentunits    ÷4,000 ÷4,000Costsperequivalentunit$$$    PartIV.TotalCostAssignmentTotalCostsDirectMaterialsConversionCostsCoststoaccountfor:   •CostofbeginningWIP$-0-  •Costaddedduringtheperiod300,000  Totalcosttoaccountfor$300,000  Costsaccountedfor:   •Costofgoodstransferred   BeginningWIPlastperiod$-0-$-0- $ -0- BeginningWIPthisperiod-0--0--0- Startedandcompleted300,000246,000a54,000bTotalcosttransferred$300,000$246,000$54,000•AddendingWIP   -0--0--0-Totalcostaccountedfor$300,000$246,000$54,000    a4,000EU@$=$246,000b4,000EU@$=$54,000Chapter18P845a.(1)$49[($192,000+$48,000+$54,000)÷6,000units](2)$109[($480,000+$108,000+$66,000)÷6,000units](3)$158($49+$109)(4)$32($192,000÷6,000units)(5)$18($108,000÷6,000units)b.InevaluatingtheoverallefficiencyoftheEngineDepartment,managementwouldlookatthemonthlyper-unitcostincurredbythatdepartment,whichisthecostofassemblingandinstallinganengine($109inparta).Chapter20P918a.Requiredcontributionmarginperunit       BudgetedoperatingIncome   $260,000  Fixedcosts   540,000  Totalrequiredcontributionmargin  $800,000  Numberofunitstobeproducedandsold 50,000  Requiredcontributionmarginperunit    ($800,000÷$50,000units)   $16        Requiredsalespriceperunit:      Requiredcontributionmarginperunit $16  Variablecostsandexpensesperunit  84  Totalrequiredunitsalesprice   $100                     b.Break-EvenSalesVolume(inunits)=FixedCostsContributionMarginperUnit=$540,000$16=33,750units                   c.Marginofsafetyat50,000units:       Salesvolumeat50,000units($100×50,000units) $5,000,000  Less:Break-evensalesvolume($100×$33,750units) 3,375,000  Marginofsafety   $1,625,000        OperatingIncomeat50,000units:     Marginofsafety   $1,625,000 Contributionmarginration($100-$84)÷$100 .16 OperatingIncome($1,625,000×.16)   $260,000d.No.Withaunitsalespriceof$94,thebreak-evensalesvolumeinunitsis54,000units:Unitcontributionmargin=$94-$84variablecosts=$10Break-evensalesvolume(inunits)=$540,000$10=54,000unitsUnlessThermalTenthastheabilitytomanufacture54,000units(orlowerfixedand/orvariablecosts),settingtheunitsalespriceat$94willnotenableThermalTenttobreakeven.Chapter20P918 a.Salespriceperunit:    Budgetedcots$2,250,000   Add:Budgetedoperatingincome900,000   Budgetedsalesrevenue$3,150,000   Salespriceperunit($3,150,000÷30,000units)$105        b.(1)Totalfixedcosts:    Manufacturingoverhead($720,000×75%)$540,000    Sellingandadminstrativeexpenses($600,000×80%)480,000     Totalfixedcosts$1,020,000         (2)Variablecostsandexpensesperunit:     Directmaterials$21    Directlabor10    Manufacturingoverhead($24×25%)6    Sellingandadministrativeexpense($20×20%)4     Totalvariablecostsperunit$41         (3)Unitcontributionmargin:     Salespriceperunit$121    Less:Variablecostsperunit[from(2)]41    Unitcontributionmargin$80         (4)Numberofunitsrequiredtobreakeven:     Fixedcosts[from(1)]$1,020,000    Contributionmarginperunit[from(3)]$80    Numberofunitsrequiredtobreakeven($1,020,000÷$80)12,750Chapter20P920a. Variablecostsperunitbefore15%increaseinthecostof     directlabor   $60  Increaseincostofdirectlabor,15%of$20 3  Variablecostsandexpensesperunit     after15%increaseinthecostofdirectlabor $63                        Becausethecontributionmarginratioof40%isrequired,    thevariablecostsof$63perunitmustequal60%    ofsalespriceafterthewageincrease.               Newsalesprice,$63÷.60  $105  Salespricebeforeincrease 100  Requiredincreaseinsalespriceperunit $5                      b. Unitcontributionmargin:       Salespriceperunit   $100   Less:Variablecostsperunit      following15%increaseindirectlaborcost(parta) 63   Unitcontributionmargin $37           Salesvolumerequiredtomaintaincurrentoperatingincome:SalesVolumeFixedCosts+TargetOperatingIncomeUnitContributionMargin$390,000+$350,000=$20,000units$37c.        CurrentAfter         CapacityExpansion         (20,000Units)(25,000Units)             Totalcontributionmargin($37perunit)$740,000$925,000  Less:Fixedcosts  390,000530,000*  Operatingincomeatfullcapacity$350,000$395,000             *$390,000+additionaldepreciationperyearonnew    machinery,$140,000(20%of$700,000).  
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