unit3TextAFredSmithandFedEx:Thevisionthatchangedtheworld弗雷德?史密斯与联邦快递：一个改变了世界的创想1Everynightseveralhundredplanesbearingapurple,white,andorangedesigntouchdownatMemphisAirport,inTennessee.Whatprecedesthislandingarepackagepick-upsfromlocationsallovertheUnitedStatesearlierintheday.Crewsunloadtheplanes'cargoofmorethanhalfamillionparcelsandletters.Therectangularpackagesandenvelopesarerapidlyreshuffledandsortedaccordingtoaddress,thenloadedontootheraircraft,andflowntotheirdestinationstobedispersedbyhand—manywithin24hoursofleavingtheirsenders.ThisistheculminationofadreamofFrederickW.Smith,thefounder,president,chiefexecutiveofficer,andchairmanoftheboardoftheFedExCorp.—knownoriginallyasFederalExpress—thelargestandmostsuccessfulovernightdeliveryserviceintheworld.Conceivedwhenhewasincollegeandnowinits28thyearofoperation,Smith'sexquisitebrainchildhasbecomethestandardfordoor-to-doorpackagedelivery.每日夜晚，在田纳西州的孟菲斯机场，都有几百架带着白、紫、桔色图案的飞机下降。而在每日此前的早些时候，这些飞机都在美国各地采集包裹。工作人员从飞机上卸掉的包裹及信函数目超出五十万之巨。长方形的包裹和信封又在这里依照收件地点被快速整理分拣，而后装载上其余飞机，飞往各自的目的地，在那边再由人工送达——到这时好多邮件走开寄件人之手还不到24小时。这是弗雷德里克·W.史密斯的终极梦想，他就是联邦快递公司（最先为联邦快递）这一全球最大、最成功的隔夜送到服务公司的首创人、总裁、首席履行官及董事会主席。此刻，史密斯这一源于大学时代的妙想已在现实中经营到了第28个年头，并已成为包裹快递入户行业的标杆。2Recognizedasanoutstandingentrepreneurwithanagreeableandwinningpersonality,Smithisheldinhighregardbyhiscompetitorsaswellashisemployeesandstockholders.FredSmithwasjust27whenhefoundedFedEx.Now,somanyyearslater,he'sstillthe"captainoftheship".Heattributesthesuccessofthecompanysimplytoleadership,somethinghededucedfromhisyearsinthemilitary,andfromhisfamily.史密斯被公以为是一位平和可亲、性格迷人的优异公司家。不论是他的竞争者、职工，仍是他公司股票的拥有人，都对他十分恭敬。弗雷德·史密斯创立“联邦快递”时只有27岁。此刻多年过去了，他仍旧坐在“掌门人”的地点上。他将公司的成功简单地归因于领导力，而这一推论则来自于他的军旅生涯及其家庭的影响。7SmithcompletedtwotoursinVietnam,eventuallyflyingmorethan200missions."Inthemilitary,leadershipmeansgettingagroupofpeopletosubordinatetheirindividualdesiresandambitionsfortheachievementoforganizationalgoals,"Smithsays,fusingtogetherhismilitaryandbusinessexperiences."Andgoodleadershiphasverymeasurableeffectsonacompany'sbottomline."史密斯在越南战场上服役两期，达成了两百多次飞翔任务。“在军队中，领导力意味着能使团队中全部成员将个人的希望与志向置于附属地位，而以实现集体目标为重，”史密斯说道，这此中交融了他军旅生涯和经营管理的经验。“而优异的领导力对控制一个公司的盈亏底线来说拥有相当重要的作用。”12AlthoughSmithavoidsthemediaandthetrappingsofpubliclife,heissaidtobeafriendlyandaccessibleemployer.Hevalueshispeopleandnevertakesthemforgranted.HereportedlyvisitsFedEx'sMemphissiteatnightfromtimetotimeandaddressessortersbyname.Foryearsheextendedanoffertoanycourierwith10yearsofservicetocometoMemphisforan"anniversarybreakfast".ThatembodiesFredSmith'sphilosophy:People,Service,Profit(P-S-P).Smithsays,"TheP-S-Pphilosophyislikeanunbrokencircleorchain.Therearenoclearlydefinablepointsofentryorexit.Eachlinkupholdstheothersandis,inturn,supportedbythem."Inarticulatingthisphilosophyandinpersonallyinvolvinghimselfinitsimplementation,FrederickSmithistheforerunnerofthenewsphereofleadershipthatsuccessinthefuturewilldemand.只管史密斯回避媒体采访和民众生活的光荣，但他却被称为是一位友好而蔼然可亲的雇主。他重视自己的雇员，从不以为他们理所应当该为自己工作。有报导称，他会时时时在夜晚拜访联邦快递位于孟菲斯的基地，并且称名道姓地与包裹分拣人员打招呼。他会主动发邀请给任何一位已在公司服务十年的快递员，请他们到孟菲斯列席“周年庆典早饭”，这已经连续了好多年。而这此中包含了弗雷德·史密斯自己的哲学：人员，服务，收益（P-S-P）。史密斯说，“P-S-P的哲学理念就仿佛一个不行切割的循环，没有清楚可辨的进口或出口，每一个环节都支持着其余环节，同时也反过来受其余环节支撑。”经过明确表达并亲自践行这一理念，弗雷德里克·史密斯已成为将来成功所必需的新领导领域的开辟者。最近几年来,跟着互联网技术的迅猛发展,互联网经济已成为一个热点话题。以蓬勃发展的电子商务为代表的互联网经济已成为经济发展的重要引擎。我国政府高度重视发展互联网经济,提出了“互联网+”的观点,以推进互联网与医疗、交通、教育、金融、公共服务等领域的联合。这将为互联网经济的发展供给极大的发展潜力和更广阔的发展空间。跟着“互联网+”战略的深入实行,互联网势必与更多传统行业进一步交融,助力打造“中国经济升级版”。In?recent?years,?with?the?rapid?development?of?Internet?technology,?the?Internet?economy?has?become?a?hot?issue.?As?represented?by?the?promising?E-commerce,?the?Internet?economy?has?become?a?strong?driving?force?for?the?economic?development.?Our?government?attaches?great?importance?to?developing?the?Internet?economy?and?proposes?the?concept?of?"Internet?Plus",?aiming?to?integrate?Internet?with?other?industries,?such?as?health?care,?transportation,?education,?finance,?and?public?service.?This?will?create?great?potential?and?broad?prospects?for?the?development?of?the?Internet?economy.?With?the?implementation?of?the?"Internet?Plus"?strategy,?the?Internet?is?certain?to?be?integrated?with?more?traditional?industries?and?help?build?"the?upgraded?version?of?the?Chinese?econom?y".unit4TextAAchievingsustainableenvironmentalism实现可连续性发展的环保主义2Thereisasimpleway.First,differentiatebetweenenvironmentalluxuriesandenvironmentalnecessities.Luxuriesarethosethingsthatwouldbenicetohaveifcostless.Necessitiesarethosethingswemusthaveregardless.Callthisdistinctionthedefinitiveruleofsaneenvironmentalism,whichstipulatesthatcombatingecologicalchangethatdirectlythreatensthehealthandsafetyofpeopleisanenvironmentalnecessity.Allelseisluxury.有一种简易的方法。第一要划分什么是环境豪侈品，什么是环境必需品。豪侈品是指那些无需人类付出代价就能拥有的给人美好感觉的东西。必需品则是指那些不论付出什么代价，都必定要去拥有的东西。这一划分原则能够被称为理性环保主义的至高原则。它
规定
关于下班后关闭电源的规定党章中关于入党时间的规定公务员考核规定下载规定办法文件下载宁波关于闷顶的规定
，对那些直接威迫人类健康与安全的生态变化采纳应付举措是环境保护的必需品，而其余则都属于豪侈品。9Ilikethecaribouasmuchasthenextperson.AndIwouldberathersorryiftheirmatingpatternsweredisturbed.Butyoucan'thaveyourcakeandeatittoo.Andinthestandoffofthewelfareofcaribouversusreducinganoilreliancethatgetspeoplekilledinwars,Ichoosepeopleovercariboueverytime.我像他人同样喜爱驯鹿。假如他们的交配模式遇到扰乱，我会感觉特别遗憾。可是，鱼和熊掌不可以兼得。是要保护驯鹿，仍是要为了防止人们在战争中丧生而减少对石油的依靠，面对这一僵局，我每次都会选择人类而不是驯鹿。10IfeelsimilarlyaboutthespottedowlinOregon.Iamnoenemyoftheowl.Ifitcouldbepreservedatanegligiblecost,Iwouldagreethatitshouldbe—biodiversityisafterallnecessarytotheecosystem.Butwemustrememberthatnoteveryspeciesisneededtokeepthatdiversity.Sometimesaestheticaspectsoflifehavetobesacrificedtomorefundamentalones.Ifthecostofpreservingthespottedowlisthelossoflivelihoodfor30,000loggingfamilies,Ichoosethefamilies(withtheirsawsandchoppedtimber)overtheowl.我对俄勒冈州的斑点猫头鹰的态度也是同样。我绝不是敌视猫头鹰。假如花极少的代价就能够保护猫头鹰，我会赞成它应受保护——毕竟，生物多样性对生态系统是特别必需的。可是，我们一定记着，保持生物多样性其实不意味着要留住每一种物种。有时，为了更为根本的利益，我们不得不牺牲一部分生活中美的东西。假如为了保护斑点猫头鹰而让三万伐木匠家庭失掉生计，我会选择伐木匠家庭（包含他们的锯子和砍伐的木材），而不是猫头鹰。11Theimportantdistinctionisbetweenthoseenvironmentalgoodsthatarefundamentalandthosethatarenot.Natureisourward,notourmaster.Itistoberespectedandevencultivated.Butwhenhumanshavetochoosebetweentheirownwell-beingandthatofnature,naturewillhavetoaccommodate.重要的是，我们要划分哪些东西对环境保护是根天性的，哪些是非根天性的。自然受我们的监护，而不是我们的主人。我们应当尊敬自然，也能够开发利用自然。可是，假如人类一定在自己的福利和自然的福利之间作出选择，自然而一定作出退步。苏州园林是中国古典园林最优异的代表,大多半为私人全部。苏州园林始于春秋,兴于宋元,盛于明清。清末苏州已有各色园林170余处,为其博得了“园林之城”的称呼。现保留完满的园林有60多处,对外开放的有十余处。此中沧浪亭、狮子林、拙政园和留园分别代表着宋、元、明、清四个朝代的艺术风格,被称为“苏州四大名园”。苏州园林宅园合一,可赏,可游,可居,其建筑规制反响力中国古代江南民间的生活方式和礼仪风俗。苏州园林不单是历史文化的产物,同时也是中国传统思想文化的载体。1997年,苏州园林被联合国教科文组织列入“世界遗产名录”Suzhou?gardens?are?the?most?outstandingrepresentatives?of?classical?Chinese??of?them?were?privately-owned.?The?gardensfirst?appeared?in?the?Spring?and?Autumn?Period,developed?in?the?Song?and?Yuan?dynasties,?andflourished?in?the?Ming?and?Qing?dynasties.?Bythe?late?Qing?Dynasty,?Suzhou?had?got?as?manyas?over?170?gardens?of?diverse?styles,?Winning?itthe?name?“The?City?of?Gardens”.?Now,?over?60gardens?are?kept?in?good?condition,?of?which?morethan?10?are?Open?to?the?public.?The?Surging?WavePavilion,?the?Lion?Grove?Garden,?the?HumbleAdministrators?Garden?and?the?Lingerin?g?Gardenare?called?the?four?most?famous?garde’ns?in?Suzhourepresenting?the?artistic?styles?of?the?Song,?Yuan,Ming?and?Qing?dynasties??are?assemblies?of?residences?and?gardens,which?makes?them?suitable?places?for?living,?visitingand?appreciating.?The?architectural?principles?of?lthe?gardens?are?a?demonstration?of?the?lifestylesand?social?customs?of?the?ancient?Chinese?peoplein?the?south?of?the?Lower?Yangtze?River.?Suzhougardens?are?not?onlya?product?of?Chinese?historyand?culture,?but?also?a?carrier?of?traditional?Chinese?ideology?and??1997,Suzhou?gardens?were?inscribed?on?the?World?Heritage?List?by?UNESCO.unit5TextASpeakingChineseinAmerica在美国说中文12Asanychildofimmigrantparentsknows,thereisaspecialkindofdoublebindattachedtoknowingtwolanguages.Myparents,forexample,spoketomeinbothChineseandEnglish;IspokebacktotheminEnglish.生于移民家庭的孩子都清楚，有一种特别的两难境地与说两种语言的生活联系在一同。比方我父亲母亲，他们和我说话时中文和英文都用，但我和他们说话时只用英文。20HavinglistenedtobothChineseandEnglish,I'msuspiciousofcomparisonsbetweenthetwolanguages,asInoticethereciprocalchallengestheyeachpresent.EnglishspeakerssayChineseisextremelydifficultbecausedifferentwordscanbedenotedbyverysubtlevariationsintone.Englishisoftenbracketedwiththelabelofinconsistency,alanguageoftoomanybrokenrules.因为向来同时听着中英文两种语言，故而我对它们之间的任何对照老是心存思疑，因为我注意到它们各自都有对方所没有的难点。说英文的人会以为中文极其难，因为中文用特别奇妙的腔调变化就能够表示不一样的词语。而英文则常常被以为缺乏一致性，因为英文拥有太多不合规则的用法。22IworrythatthedominantsocietymayseeChinesepeoplefromalimitedperspective,hedgingusinwiththestereotype.IworrythattheseeminglyinnocentstereotypemayleadtoactualintoleranceandbepartofthereasonwhytherearefewChineseintopmanagementpositions,orinthemainjudiciaryorpoliticalsectors.Iworryaboutthepoweroflanguage:Ifonesaysanythingenoughtimes,itmightbecometrue,withorwithoutmaliciousintent.我担忧主流社会可能会从一个狭小的角度、以一种偏见对待中国人。我担忧这类看似无害的偏见实质会致使人们对中国人难以容忍，并成为中国人在高层管理职位或主要的司法及政府部门寥寥可数的部分原由。我担忧语言的力量，即假如一个人将一件事说了好多遍，不论其能否有歹意，这件事都会变为事实。中华文明曾对世界文明产生过重要影响。最近几年来,跟着我国经济的发展和国际地位的提高,历史悠长的中国文化正惹起世界新的关注。愈来愈多的中国元素为当今世界时髦、文学、影视作品等供给了创作灵感,成为热点题材。这一现象表示,世界需要中国文化。在这类背景下,我国决定实行文化“走出去”鼎力推进了我国文化家产的发展,正成为提高我国国家形象和综合实力的有效门路。Chinese?civilization?once?had?a?significant?influenceon?world?civilization.?With?the?development?of?ourcountry’s?e?conomy?and?the?rise?of?her?internationalstatus?in?recent?years,?Chinese?culture,?which?hasa?long?history,?is?once?again?attracting?globalattention.?More?and?more?Chinese?cultural?elementsprovide?inspiration?for?and?become?popular?subjectsof?fashions,?literature?and?movies?around?the??shows?that?the?world?needs?Chinese?culture.?Itwas?in?this?context?that?China?decided?to?implementthe?“Culture?Exporting”?strategy?so?as?to?enhanceher?cultural?exchanges?with?the?rest?of?the??several?years’?efforts,?great?achievements?havebeen?made?in?this?respect.?“Culture?Exporting”?hasgreatly?promoted?the?development?of?our?culturalindustries.?It?is?becoming?an?effective?approachthrough?which?China?enhances?her?nationalimageand?comprehensive?strength.?unit8TextAAmeaningfullife存心义的人生3IleftNewYorksoonafterthat,butonedaygotacallfromHenry.Hetalkedwithmeabouthiswork.Iknewthatforoveracentury,theanimalrightsmovementhadbeenputtingoutgraphicbrochures,leaflets,andaudiopropaganda,alertingpeopletothedreadfulexperimentsonanimals.Butinallthattime,thenumberofanimalsusedinexperimentshadrisenfromasmallbatchofafewhundredtomorethan30million.Noactivisthadmanagedtostopasingleexperimentorimprovethelivesofanimalslivingintiny,constrictedenclosures.Henrychangedthat.Oneofhisearliestcampaignspermanentlycloseddownalaboratoryconductingexperimentswithtoxicvaporonabout60rabbits.在那以后，我很快就走开了纽约。可是有一天，我接到了亨利的电话。他和我聊起了他的工作。我知道，一个多世纪以来，动物权益运动的倡议者向来经过发散带图画的手册、传单以及音频宣传资料，来惹起民众对那些可怕的动物实验的关注。但与此同时，用于实验的动物数目从本来区区几百骤增到三千多万。没有哪位活动家曾成功阻挡过一项实验或改良了蜗居在狭窄困笼中的动物的生活。亨利却改变了这全部。他初期的运动之一就是使一间用毒蒸汽在大概60只兔子身上做实验的实验室被永远封闭。6Weoftenassumethatsocietyhasbecometoobigandtoobureaucraticforindividualstomakeadifference.Howcouldoneindividual,howeverhumaneandpassionate,possiblybringaboutchangeinthefaceofpowerfulglobalcorporations,ministerialindifferenceandcomplicatedparliamentaryrules我们常常以为社会已经变得太大、太官僚，进而个体不行能改变它。在面对强盛的跨国公司、冷淡的执政部门和众多复杂的议会规则时，单单调个人，不论他多么拥有人道主义，多么富裕激情，又怎样能促成改变呢？13Oneessentialmarkoflivingwellistobesatisfiedwithone'saccomplishmentswhentakingaretrospectivelookatlife,andtobeabletoacceptdeathandfaceinfinitycalmly.Henry'slifeseemedtolackmanyofthethingsthatmostofustakeforgrantedasessentialtoagoodlife.Henevermarried,orhadalong-term,live-inrelationship.Hehadnochildrenorsuccessors.Heneverwenttoconcerts,tothetheater,ortofinerestaurants.Hedidn'tbringantibioticstotheneedyorvaccinatethepoor.Hewasnevercalledaherolikethecapedcrusadersofourcomicbooks.Thereisnofancystoneforhimatthecemeteryafterhisdeath.Hejustcaredfortheweakestcreaturesinhissociety.WhatgaveHenrySpira'slifedepthandpurposeWhatdidhe—andothers—findmeaningfulinthewayhelivedhislife一个人活得好的一个根本标记就是，在他回顾自己人生的时候，他对自己的成就感觉满意，并且能够沉着地接受死亡、面对永久。亨利的人生仿佛缺乏了我们大多半人想自然地以为美好人生所一定具备的好多东西。他一世未婚，也从未经历过长久的恋爱同居关系；他没有孩子或其余继承人；他素来不去音乐会、剧院或高级饭馆；他也没有给生活困难者带去抗生素或是给贫穷者接种疫苗。他素来没有像我们的漫画书中那些披着斗篷的社会改革家那样被称为英豪。他死后墓地上也没有什么雅致的墓碑。他不过关怀社会中柔弱的生灵。是什么让亨利·斯皮拉的生活富裕深度、目注明确呢？在他的这类生活中，他，以及其余人，又发现了什么存心义的东西呢？最近几年来,社会的发展和就业局势的变化对大学生提出了更高的要求。愈来愈多的大学生不再限制于书籍知识的学习,他们开始走出“象牙塔”,利用业余时间踊跃投身于社会实践活动。经过社会实践活动,大学生能够更多的认识社会,加强社会责任感,提高剖析问题和解决问题的能力。同时,参加社会实践活动还能够帮助学生认识到自己的不足,明确将来努力的方向。全部这些都将为他们累积社会经历和工作经验,为将来的就业或创业打下优异的基础。Inrecentyears,thesocialdevelopmentandchangesinemploymentsituationhaveputhigherrequirementsoncollegestudents.Insteadofconfiningthemselvestotheknowledgeinbooks,moreandmorecollegestudentsaresteppingoutof-the“IvoryTower”andtakinganactivepartinsocialpracticeintheirsparetime.Throughsocialpractice,collegestudentscanhaveadeeperunderstandingofsociety,increasetheirsenseofsocialresponsibility,andimprovetheiranalyticalandproblem-solvingabilities.Meanwhile,takingpartinsocialpracticecanalsohelpstudentsrecognizetheirownshortcomingsandhaveaclearideaaboutwheretheyaretogointhefuture.Allthesebenefitswillhelpthembuildupsocialandworkexperience,whichwilllayasolidfoundationfortheminfindingjobsorstartingtheirownbusinessesinthefuture.
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