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EnglishWriting---Howtoexpandsentences2ByPeterCompanyLogoOutlineofthelectureParticiplesAbsolutesWarm-upActivitiesRewritethefollowingsentenceswiththehelpof–ingand–edforms.Thefather,whowasenraged,threatenedtothrowtheboy,whowasscreaming,outoftheroom.Youcanusethemethodthatisfrequentlyused.Tommy,whowasfilledwithdespair,lefttheoffice.Thegirlwhoissmilingthroughthewindowisenjoyingoneofthehappiestdaysinherlife.Theenragedfatherthreatenedtothrowthescreamingboyoutoftheroom.Enraged,thefatherthreatenedtothrowthescreamingboyoutoftheroom.Youcanusethefrequentlyusedmethod.Tommy,filledwithdespair,lefttheoffice.Filledwithdespair,Tommylefttheoffice.Smilingthroughthewindow,thegirlisenjoyingoneofthehappiestdaysinherlife.Thegirl,smilingthroughthewindow,isenjoyingoneofthehappiestdaysinherlife.Theboywassittingathisdesk,andhisfeetweretappingthefloorgently.Sincethecomputersaredamagedbyanunknownvirus,theemployeesarehappytotakethedayoff.Theboywassittingathisdesk,hisfeetgentlytappingthefloor.Thecomputersdamagedbyanunknownvirus,theemployeesarehappytotakethedayoff.CompanyLogoGettingtoknowparticiplesLookatthefollowingsentences.Whatdothewordsinbluemodify?Whatistheirfunction?Thecryinggirlpickedupherbrokenpiggybank.Theboyandthegirl,singinganddancing,wenthometogether.Thetremblingoldmanstoodbythebrokenwindow.Frightenedbyastrangenoisedownstairs,hewentdownslowly,holdinghisguninhishand.Togetherthefriendsfollowedthetrail,pickingupthefallenraspberriesastheywentalong.Therearetwokindsofparticiples:-ingformand–edform.Whichformtousedependsontherelationshipbetweentheverbandthenoundescribed.Whenweuseaverbtodescribeanoun,theremustbealogicalrelationshipbetweenthem:thenouneithercarriesouttheactionorreceivetheaction.Ifthenouncarriesouttheaction,itisthelogicalsubjectoftheverb,weshoulduse–ingform;ifthenounreceivestheaction,itisthelogicalobjectoftheverb,weshouldusethe–edform.ClassActivitiesThereare–ingand–edformsinthefollowingsentences,butnotallofthemareparticiples.Canyouidentifythem?“BakingacakemaybethebestwaytocelebrateRoo’sbirthdaytomorrow,”thoughtGrandma.“I’llneedalotofraspberries,”saidshe,handingoutbasketstoRooandhisfriends.Thefriendsspentallmorningwanderingthroughthewood,pickingraspberriesastheywent.Atlunchtime,theystoppedtoeatthesandwichesthatGrandmahadmadeforthem.“Hmm!Mybasketseemstobeempty,”mutteredthesurprisedTigger.Bylateafternoon,alltheotherbasketswerefilledupandeveryonewastired.“Butmybasketisstillempty!”exclaimedTigger,staringathisbasketunbelievingly.8.“Thereisabigholeinit,andthat’swhyyougetnothingleft,”Rooannouncedaftercheckingthebasket.9.However,lookingaroundthem,Poohsaid,“Ithinkwearelost.”10.“WecanfollowTigger’strail!”saidRoo,lookingatthetrailofraspberries.11.“Sothat’swheremyraspberrieshaveallgone!”laughedTigger.12.Togetherthefriendsfollowedthetrail,pickingupthefallenraspberriesastheywentalong.13.Athome,Grandmawaswaitingforthemwithadelicioussupper!Completethefollowingsentencesbyturningtheverbsinbracketsintoproperparticiples.Haveyoueverseena_________(smile)cat?_________(read)thestudent’spaper,theprofessorgotmoreandmoreconfused._________(swim)slowlybutconfidently,hepulledthedrowninggirltotheshore.It’saparadoxthatKFCandMcDonald’s,_________(compete)allovertheworld,alsohelpeachothertosucceed.Everybody_________(mention)inthislistmustgetreadywithinafortnight._________(jump)aside,hedodgedthestone__________(throw)athimfroma_________(break)windownearby.DemographicResearch,ajournal__________(publish)inBritainbut__________(inform)scholarsalloverEurope,celebratedits50thanniversaryyesterday.____________(have)toscoreallthepapersinthreedays,theprofessorclosedhisdoortoallvisitors.Threedayslater,hereappeared,__________(exhaust)butgreatly__________(relieve).smilingReadingSwimmingcompetingmentionedJumpingthrownbrokenpublishedinformingHavingexhaustedrelievedComplexparticiplephrasesA.PresentparticiplesindifferentmodesandaspectsPresentparticiplescanindicatedifferentsituationswithdifferentforms.Lookatthefollowingsentences,andfindoutthedifferencesbetweenthepresentparticiples.a.Watchingthemovie,theboybecameveryexcited.b.Havingwatchedthemovie,theboybecameveryexcited.c.Hurtinthegame,BeckhammaynotbeabletoplayinthecomingWorldCupmatch.d.Havingbeenhurtinthegame,Beckhamstayedinhospitalforabouttwoweeks.ClassActivitiesStudyingthefollowingsentences,andexplainthemeaningsofthepresentparticiples.1.Havinglivedinthecityforyears,heknowswhenataxidriveristakinghimin.2.Havingbeencheatedagainandagain,sheisafraidofbuyinganyjewelrynow.3.Istoodinfrontofhim,notknowingwhattosay.4.Theboy,nothavingbeenpermittedtoleavetheroom,darenotanswerhisfriends’call.5.Nothavingreadtheassignedchapters,IwasnotbraveenoughtogotoProf.Johnson’sclass.Note:Whenweneedtousethenegativeformofaparticiple,wesimplyputwordslikenotorneverbeforetheparticiple,witherinthesimpleorcomplexform.Useparticiplestocombinethefollowingsentences.Iboughtacomputerlastweek.Thecomputerbringshappinesstoeveryoneinmyfamily.Iwasbackinmyhometownlastweek.Ididn’tknowthatmyprofessorhadassignedanother5000-wordpaper.Thecomputerboughtlastweekbringshappinesstoeveryoneinmyfamily.Beingbackinmyhometownlastweek,Ididn’tknowthatmyprofessorhadassignedanother5000-wordpaper.Thepictureonthewallwaspaintedbyapost-impressionist.Manypeoplewerestandinginfrontofthepicture.Theypretendedthattheycouldunderstandthepicture.Theboylookedoutofthewindowofthetrain.Hewasamusedbythepowerlines.Thepowerlinesaredancingupanddownintheair.Standinginfrontofthepicturepainedbyapost-impressionist,manypeoplepretendedthattheycouldunderstandit.Lookingoutofthewindowofthetrain,theboywasamusedbythepowerlinesdancingupanddownintheair.B.ParticipleswithconjunctionsWecansometimesputaconjunctionbeforeaparticipletomakethemeaningmorecolorful.Time:Weusewhen,whiletoemphasizethattheparticipleactionandthepredicateactiontakeplaceatthesametime.Wealsousewordslikebefore,aftertoshowthesequenceofthetwoactions.Forexample:Whenseeingtheteacher,theboysstoppedtalking.Whilechasingthecat,thedoghurtitsfeet.Beforesettingoff,shespenttwohoursonherhair,faceandclothes.Aftermeetingthosepeople,Istartedtodoubtthefeasibilityofmyplan.Concession:Weusewordslikethough,although,evenif,etc.toshowconcession.Forexample:Thoughholdingimportantpositionsandearningbigmoney,heisnothappy.Althoughhavingfinishedhishomework,theboyisnotallowedtogoouttoplay.Shedoesn’tplantogototheparty,eventhoughinvited.Condition:Weuseif,whenorunlessbeforeaparticipletoindicatethatthisisjustacondition,insteadofafact.Forexample:Iffoundguilty,hewillhavetostayinprisonallhislife.Whenheated,thismaterialwillgiveoffaverybadsmell.Theseanimalswillnotattackhumanbeingsunlesscornered.ClassActivitiesRewritethefollowingsentences,usingthe“conjunction+participle”structure.KatefellasleepwhenshewasreadingBob’sletter.Shestartedtochatwithherfriendaftershehadfinishedherwork.Theoldmanstillwatchesthevideofromtimetotimealthoughhehasseenitathousandandonetimes.Theprisonerplanstoescapethoughheiscloselywatchedbytheguards.KatefellasleepwhenreadingBob’sletter.Shestartedtochatwithherfriendafterhavingfinishedherwork.Althoughhavingseenitathousandandonetimes,theoldmanstillwatchesthevideofromtimetotime.Thoughcloselywatchedbytheguards,theprisonerplanstoescape.ClassactivitiesManypeoplebelievethatifanarticleisreadmanytimes,itwillnaturallybeunderstood.Ifyoubuymore,youcanpayless.Ifbuyingmore,youcanpayless.Itisbelievedthatifreadmanytimes,anarticlewillnaturallybeunderstood.