2022年考研考博-考博英语-吉林大学考前押题壹（附答案详解）试卷号：8

长风破浪会有时，直挂云帆济沧海。住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-吉林大学考前押题壹（附答案详解）一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题Researchcanhavenoeconomicimpactifthenewscientificdiscoveriesarenot（ ）intomarketablegoodandservice.问题1选项A.launchedB.translatedC.dissectedD.conveyed【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。launch“发射，发行”；translate“翻译，转化”；dissect“仔细分析”；convey“传达，运输”。根据句意“如果新的科学发现没有转化为市场商品和服务，科学研究没有经济影响”，选项B符合题意。2.单选题Aslongaswedon’tloseheart,Ibelievewecanachieveourgoal（ ）.问题1选项A.inthelongrunB.inthefirstplaceC.onthewholeD.atleast【答案】A【解析】考查介词词组辨析。inthelongrun“从长远来看；最终”；inthefirstplace“首先;起初”；onthewhole“基本上；就全体而论”；atleast“至少”。句意：只要我们不失去信心，那么我相信我们最终可以达成我们的目标。选项A符合题意。3.单选题（）,heremainsverymodest.问题1选项A.ThoughhiscontributionsB.HemadegreatcontributionsC.ForallhisgreatcontributionsD.Howeverhisgreatcontributions【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。Though与however为连词，后面要接句子，不能接名词，所以选项A和D排除；选项B是一个完整的句子，空格后面也是一个完整的句子，中间没有任何连词，所以选项B排除。选项C符合题意。4.单选题Therealmofproductliabilityisonethathasalwaysputlegalscholarsandpractitionersatodds.Viewedbysomeasgenuineeffortstoprotectthepublicfromdangerousgoodsandothersasanexcusefordirtylawyerstosuerichcompanies,thematterhasyettoberesolved.Productliability,anditsimplicationsfordisgruntledconsumerswishingtosuethemakersofwhattheybuy,continuestobedebated.Thosewhoarguethatcurrentproductliabilitylawsarepositiveassertthatwithoutsuchlaws,manufacturerswouldbefreetodoastheypleasewithoutregardforthesafetyoftheconsumerswhobuytheirproducts.Asaresult,theyargue,shoddymerchandisewouldemerge,witheverypossiblecomercutinordertolowercosts,attheexpenseofquality.Notonlywouldtheshoddymerchandisebearip-off,however,buttheproductscouldlikelybeharmfulaswell.Proponentsofthispointofviewhailthenewwaveofwarninglabelsandincreasedqualityassurancethathasresultedfromrecentproductliabilitylegislation,confidentintheirconvictionthatithasmadetheAmericanmarketplaceasaferplacetoshop.Opponentsofthecurrentstatus-quo,however,citetheoverwhelmingamountoflitigationthathastakenplaceasaresultofstricterproductliability.Amoderateapproachisadvisedbythisgroup,betweenthenecessarysafeguardsthatworldpreventabuseofthesystembythecompaniesandtheexcessiveconsumer-protectionlawsthatallowproducerstobesuedatthedropofahat.Thesepeoplearguethatgreedandthealluringpossibilityofeasymoneyleadunscrupulousbuyerstolookforanyexcusetobringminorgrievancestocourt,hopingforamilliondollaroutcome.Asthesituationstandsnow,theformercampisgettingitsway,reflectingsociety’spriorityofsafetyovereconomics.Recentlobbyingbyproducershasbeguntoshiftthetide,however.Asabuseofproductliabilitylawscontinuesandgrows,courtsarebeginningtonotethetrendandtakeappropriatemeasures,castingakeenereyeonsuchcasessoastodistinguishbetweenfrivolouscasesandmoreseriousclaims.Inregardtothefutureofproductliabilitylegislationanditsrelationtooureverincreasinglylitigioussociety,onlytimewilltell.1.Itisstatedthatconsumerswhobringproductliabilityproblemstolitigation（ ）.2.Manufacturersinthetexttendto（ ）.3.Thosewhofavorlessstrictproductliabilitylawsbelievethat（ ）.4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueseemstobe（ ）.5.Themainpurposeofthistextisto（ ）.问题1选项A.areprimarilymotivatedbythepossibilityofquickmoneythroughalawsuitB.sufferinjuriesfromfaultymerchandiseanddeserveappropriatecompensationC.willfindtheiroptionslimitedinthefutureasproductliabilitylawswillmovetowardamoremoderatepositionD.bringtheirissuestolitigationbasedonbothlegitimateandprofitseekinggrounds问题2选项A.invariablyproducedangerousproductsthatrequirelegislationtoensuresafetyB.holdprofitandcost-cuttinginhigherregardthanconsumersafetyC.bethevictimsofalegalinstitutionthatunfairlytargetsthemD.beboundbythecurrentsystem,causingthemtotakecautioninproducingtheirproducts问题3选项A.suchlawscurbproducers’abilitytocreateshoddymerchandisetoattaingreaterprofitB.thelawsneedtobemodifiedtobetterservetheneedsofbothconsumersandproducersC.theresultsofsuchlawshavebeenpositivethusfar,butneedtobemodifiedD.strictproductliabilitylawsareunnecessaryandshouldbedisposedof问题4选项A.biasedB.puzzlingC.objectiveD.indifferent问题5选项A.presenttwoopposingsidesofanargumentforthereader’sconsiderationB.educatethereaderabouttheeffectofproductliabilitylegislationonthelegalsystemC.convincethereaderthatproductliabilitylawsneedtobechanged.D.informthereaderofthecurrentstatusofproductliabilitylaws【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章提到如果产品质量有问题，消费者有权利提起诉讼；但是也有少量消费者由于贪婪而去寻求一切有可能的机会去获取大量的赔偿费（Thesepeoplearguethatgreedandthealluringpossibilityofeasymoneyleadunscrupulousbuyerstolookforanyexcusetobringminorgrievancestocourt）。选项D全面，符合题意。2.文章第二段第一句话后半句提到manufactureswouldbefreetodoastheypleasewithoutregardforthesafetyoftheconsumers，所以选项B符合题意。3.文章第三段第二句话提到采取中间态度的人认为既要预防产品质量带来的问题，也要预防过度的消费者保护，所以选项B符合题意。4.文章最后一段作者提到主张对产品质量严格要求的阵营占了主导地位，相关法律法规将会对产品质量进行严格监管，同时也会对消费者无聊的诉求进行更为严格的监控，但是至于结果到底怎么样，作者认为都要交给时间（onlytimewilltell），所以作者是抱着客观的态度。选项C符合题意。5.文章主要提及了现在产品质量法律法规，不同阵营的人对此持不同的态度，有的偏向生产商，有的偏向消费者。选项D符合题意。5.单选题Bobwasnota（ ）manwhonevermadeaquickdecisionaboutanything.问题1选项A.boldB.recklessC.deliberateD.rash【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。bold“大胆的，英勇的”；reckless“鲁莽的，不顾后果的”；deliberate“故意的，深思熟虑的”；rash“轻率的，鲁莽的”。句意：Bob不是那种在做决定之前多加思考的人。选项C符合题意。6.单选题Ithaslongbeenknownthattherateofoxidativemetabolism(theprocessthatusesoxygentoconvertfoodintoenergy)inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns.Thehighmetabolicrateofsmallanimals,forexample,givesthemsustainedpowerandactivityperunitofweight,butatthecostofrequiringconstantconsumptionoffoodandwater.Verylargeanimals,withtheirrelativelylowmetabolicrates,cansurvivewellonasporadicfoodsupply,butcangeneratelittlemetabolicenergypergramofbodyweight.Ifonlyoxidativemetabolicrateisconsidered,therefore,onemightassumethatsmaller,moreactive,animalscouldpreyonlargerones,atleastiftheyattackedingroups.Perhapstheycouldifitwerenotforanaerobicglycolysis,thegreatequalizer.Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider.Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal.If,forexample,somepredatorshadattackeda100-tendinosaur,normallytorpid,thedinosaurwouldhavebeenabletogeneratealmostinstantaneously,viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.Thisexplainshowmanylargespecieshavemanagedtocompetewiththeirmoreactiveneighbors:thecompensationforalowoxidativemetabolicrateisglycolysis.Therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation.Theglycogenreservesofanyanimalaregood,atmost,foronlyabouttwominutesatmaximumeffort,afterwhichonlythenormaloxidativemetabolicsourceofenergyremains.Withtheconclusionofaburstofactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerabletoattackuntiltheacidisreconverted,viaoxidativemetabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.Duringthisprocesstheenormousenergydebtthattheanimalhasrunupthroughanaerobicglycolysismustberepaid,adebtthatisproportionallymuchgreaterforthelargervertebratesthanforthesmallerones.Whereasthetinyshrewcanreplaceinminutestheglycogenusedformaximumeffort,forexample,thegiganticdinosaurwouldhaverequiredmorethanthreeweeks.Itmightseemthatthisinterminablylongrecoverytimeinalargevertebratewouldproveagravedisadvantageforsurvival.Fortunately,muscleglycogenisusedonlywhenneededandeventhenonlyinwhateverquantityisnecessary.Onlyintimesofpanicorduringmortalcombatwouldtheentirereservesbeconsumed.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（ ）.Accordingtotheauthor,amajorlimitationofanaerobicglycolysisisthatitcan（ ）.Thepassagesuggeststhatthetotalanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothevertebrate’ssizebecause（ ）.Theauthorismostprobablyaddressingwhichofthefollowingaudiences?Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?问题1选项A.refuteamisconceptionaboutanaerobicglycolysisB.explainanaerobicglycolysisanditseffectsonanimalsurvivalC.describethelimitationsofanaerobicglycolysisD.analyzethechemistryofanaerobicglycolysisanditssimilaritytooxidativemetabolism问题2选项A.produceinlargeanimalsmorelacticacidthanthelivercansafelyreconvertB.necessitateadangerouslylongrecoveryperiodinlargeanimalsC.produceenergymoreslowlythanitcanbeusedbylargeanimalsD.consumealloftheavailableglycogenregardlessofneed问题3选项A.largervertebratesconservemoreenergythansmallervertebratesB.largervertebratesuselessoxygenperunitweightthansmallervertebratesC.theabilityofavertebratetoconsumefoodisafunctionofitssizeD.theamountofmuscletissueinavertebrateisdirectlyrelatedtoitssize问题4选项A.CollegestudentsinanintroductorycourseonanimalphysiologyB.HistoriansofscienceinvestigatingthediscoveryofanaerobicglycolysisC.GraduatestudentswithspecializedtrainingincomparativeanatomyD.ZoologistsinterestedinPrehistoricanimals问题5选项A.Thedisadvantageofalowoxidativemetabolicrateinlargeanimalscanbeoffsetbytheirabilitytoconvertsubstantialamountsofglycogenintoenergy.B.Themostsignificantproblemfacinganimalsthathaveusedanaerobicglycolysisforenergyistheresynthesisofitsbyproduct,glucose,intoglycogen.C.Thebenefitstoanimalsofanaerobicglycolysisareoffsetbytheprofoundcoststhatmustbepaid.D.Themajorfactorensuringthatalargeanimalwilltriumphoverasmalleranimalisthelargeanimal’sabilitytoproduceenergyviaanaerobicglycolysis【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】文章第一段提到动作的氧化代谢率对它们生存方式造成的影响（inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns）；第二段解释无氧糖酵解（Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider）；第三段提到了无氧糖酵解的不足以及对动物的生存产生的影响。综上所述，选项B符合题意。文章第三段第一句提到了补偿的局限性（therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation），指出动物由于无氧糖酵解所导致的大量能量消耗必须得到补偿，然后又通过小松鼠为例来说明小型动物补偿的时间短，而大型动物则需要很长的时间才能完成补偿，这就是补偿的局限性。选项B符合题意。文章第二段第二句话Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal提到了无氧糖酵解与动物体型的关系。随后举了恐龙的例子来解释说明肌肉越多，糖原质的含量就越多，体型大，肌肉多，选项D符合题意。文章主要介绍无氧糖酵解对动物的生存产生的影响，没有使用一些非常晦涩难懂的专业知识，因此作者最可能针对的是刚刚接触相关学科的人群。选项A符合题意。文章主要提及了氧化代谢率较低的大型动物的不利原因。作者通过举了恐龙这种大型动物来说明自己的观点，比如一只100吨重的恐龙可以通过无氧糖酵解产生3000个人进行氧化新陈代谢（viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.）产生的最大的能量，从而保证大型动物能在激烈的丛林中生存。选项A符合题意。7.单选题Hespokeso（ ）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.问题1选项A.bluntlyB.convincinglyC.emphaticallyD.determinedly【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。bluntly“率直地，迟钝地”；convincingly“令人信服的，有说服力的”；emphatically“强调地，明显地”；determinedly“坚定地，决然地”。句意：他说的是如此有说服力，以至于他的对手都被他的论述所说服。选项B符合题意。8.单选题 OneoftheresponsibilitiesoftheCoastGuardistomakesurethatallships（ ）follow trafficrulesinbusyharbors.问题1选项A.dutifullyB.cautiouslyC.faithfullyD.skillfully【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。dutifully“尽职尽责地，忠实地”；cautiously“慎重地，谨慎地”；faithfully“忠实地，忠诚地”；skillfully“巧妙地，精巧地”。句意：海岸警卫队的职责之一便是确保繁忙港口的所有船只都遵守交通规则。选项A符合题意。9.单选题（ ）foralongtime,thefieldsarealldriedup.问题1选项A.TherehasbeennorainB.HavingnorainC.TherehavingbeennorainD.Therebeingnorain【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。逗号后面的是一个完整的句子，所以前面应该用非谓语结构，再根据foralongtime可知要用到完成时，所以选项C符合题意。10.单选题Thehistoryoffilmreflectsthe（ ）inherentinthemediumitself:filmcombinesstillphotographstorepresentcontinuousmotionand,whileseemingtopresentlifeitself,canalsoofferimpossibleanddreamlikeunrealities.问题1选项A.trivialitiesB.biasesC.constraintsD.paradoxes【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。triviality“浅薄，轻浮，琐事”；bias“偏见，偏爱”；constraint“约束，局促”；paradox“悖论，反论，似非而是的论点，自相矛盾的人或事”。句意：电影的历史反映了这种媒体本身具备的矛盾：电影将静止的照片结合在一起区别 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现连续的动作，而当呈现生活时，也经常提供一些不可能的和不真实的东西。选项D符合题意。11.单选题WhowontheWorldCup2002footballgame?WhathappenedattheUnitedNations?Howdidthecriticslikethenewplay?（1）aneventtakesplace;newspapersareonthestreets（2）thedetails.Whereveranythinghappensintheworld,reportersareonthespotto（3）thenews.Newspapershaveonebasic（4）,togetthenewsasquicklyaspossiblefromitssource,fromthosewhomakeittothosewhowantto（5）it.Radio,telegraph,television,theInternetand（6）inventionsbroughtcompetitionfornewspapers.Sodidthedevelopmentofmagazinesandothermeansofcommunication（7）,thiscompetitionmerelyspurredthenewspaperson.Theyquicklymadeuseofthenewerandfastermeansofcommunicationtoimprovethe（8）andthustheefficiencyoftheirownoperations.Todaymorenewspapersare（9）andreadthaneverbefore.Competitionalsolednewspaperstobranchoutintomanyotherfields.Besideskeepingreaders（10）ofthelatestnews,today'snewspapers（11）andinfluencereadersaboutpoliticsandotherimportantandseriousmatters.Newspapersinfluencereaders'economicchoices（12）advertising.Mostnewspapersdependonadvertisingfortheirvery（13）Newspapersaresoldatapricethat（14）tocoverevenasmallfractionofthecostofproduction.Themain（15）ofincomeformostnewspapersiscommercialadvertising.The（16）insellingadvertisingdependsonanewspaper'svaluetoadvertisers.This（17）intermsofcirculation.Howmanypeoplereadthenewspaper?Circulationdepends（18）ontheworkofthecirculationdepartmentandontheservicesorentertainment（19）inanewspaper'spages.Butforthemostpart,circulationdependsonanewspaper’svaluetoreadersasasourceofinformation（20）thecommunity,city,country,slate,nation,andworld—andevenouterspace.问题1选项A.JustwhenB.WhileC.SoonafterD.Before问题2选项A.togiveB.givingC.givenD.beinggiven问题3选项A.gatherB.spreadC.carryD.bring问题4选项A.reasonB.causeC.problemD.purpose问题5选项A.makeB.publishC.knowD.write问题6选项A.anotherB.otherC.oneanotherD.theother问题7选项A.HoweverB.AndC.ThereforeD.So问题8选项A.valueB.ratioC.rateD.speed问题9选项A.spreadB.passedC.printedD.completed问题10选项A.informB.beinformedC.tobeinformedD.informed问题11选项A.entertainB.encourageC.educateD.edit问题12选项A.onB.throughC.withD.of问题13选项A.formsB.existenceC.contentsD.purpose问题14选项A.triesB.managesC.failsD.succeeds问题15选项A.sourceB.originC.courseD.finance问题16选项A.wayB.meansC.chanceD.success问题17选项A.measuresB.measuredC.ismeasuredD.wasmeasured问题18选项A.somewhatB.littleC.muchD.something问题19选项A.offeringB.offeredC.whichofferedD.tobeoffered问题20选项A.byB.withC.atD.about【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:D第9题:C第10题:D第11题:C第12题:B第13题:B第14题:C第15题:A第16题:D第17题:C第18题:A第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）考查副词的用法。空格处所在句子的句意是：当一个事件刚发生的时候，报纸就会在街头进行转播事件的细节。空格处填写的单词或短语是用来形容事件一发生，就被报道了，just在这里是副词，意思是“刚刚”，符合题意。选项A符合题意。（2）考查 不定式的用法。togive来表目的，意思是来到街上的目的是为了报道事件的细节。选项A符合题意。（3）考查动词词义辨析。gather“收集”，spread“传播”，carry“携带”，bring“带来”。空格处所在的句子的句意：无论世界上哪里有事件，记者都会在现场收集新闻。选项A符合题意。（4）考查名词词义辨析。reason“理由”,cause“原因”，problem“问题”，purpose“目的”。空格处所在的句子的句意是：报纸有一个基本的目的，就是尽快从它的来源处获得新闻，并且将新闻从来源处传播给那些想要了解它的人。选项D符合题意。（5）考查动词词义辨析。空格处所在的句子的句意是：报纸有一个基本的目的，就是尽快从它的来源处获得新闻，并且将新闻从来源处传播给那些想要了解它的人。选项C符合题意。（6）考查other与another的用法。空格处所在句子的意思是：广播、电视、电报和因特网以及其他发明为报纸带来了竞争。another指泛指三个或以上的其他事物；other泛指别的人或物，所以other符合题意。选项B符合题意。（7）考查连词的用法。空格的前后可以看出是一个转折关系，所以选项A符合题意。（8）考查名词词义辨析。空格处后面半句话的意思是提高自身运作的效率，可以判断出前文是提高速度，选项D符合题意。（9）考查动词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：现在更多的报纸被印刷并被人阅读，选项C符合题意。（10）考查固定搭配。keepsbinformedof保持对…知情。选项D符合题意。（11）考查动词词义辨析。entertain“娱乐，取悦”，encourage“鼓励”，educate“教育”，edit“编辑”。空格处所在句子的句意是：现在的报纸在政治或者其它重要并且严肃的问题上教育并且影响着读者。选项C符合题意。（12）考查介词词义辨析。influencethrough“通过...影响”，influencewith“对—有影响”，influenceon“对—影响”，influenceof“某种影响”。空格处所在句子的句意是：报纸通过广告影响读者的经济选择。选项B符合题意。（13）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：大多数报纸的生存都是依靠广告。选项B符合题意。（14）考查动词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：报纸出售的价格甚至不够支付生产成本的一小部分。选项C符合题意。（15）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：大多数报纸的主要收入来源是商业广告。选项A符合题意。（16）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：报纸出售广告能否成功取决于报纸对于广告商的价值。successin“在—的成功”。选项D符合题意。（17）考查固定搭配。bemeasuredintermsof“以—为标准衡量”。选项C符合题意。（18）考查副词词义辨析。somewhat“多少有点”，little“几乎没有”，much“很大程度”，something“有点，大约”。这句讲的是报纸的流通受哪些因素制约，文章最后一句提到最重要的因素（forthemostpart），可以知道这里的因素不是最重要的。选项A符合题意。（19）考查非谓语动词。空格处所填的词与前面的service和entertainment是被动关系，选项B符合题意。（20）考查介词词义辨析。informationabout“关于—的信息”。选项D符合题意。12.单选题Whoeverformulatedthetheoryoftheoriginoftheuniverse,itisjust（ ）andneedsproving.问题1选项A.spontaneousB.intuitiveC.hypotheticalD.empirical【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Spontaneous“自发的，自然的”；intuitive“直觉的，直观的”；hypothetical“假设的”；empirical“经验主义的”。根据题意“无论是谁提出了宇宙起源的理论”，这都是需要证明的，说明这只是一个假设。所以C选项符合题意。13.单选题Communicationistheprocessofamessage（ ）fromasourcetoanaudienceviaachannel.问题1选项A.shiftingB.transmittingC.submittingD.transforming【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。shift“转移；改变；替换”；transmit“传输；传播”；submit“使服从；呈递”；transform“改变，使变形；转换”。句意：通信是消息通过渠道从出处传播给观众的过程。选项B符合题意。14.单选题Accordingtopsychologists,anemotionisarousedwhenamanoranimalviewssomethingaseitherbadorgood.Whenpersonfeelslikerunningawayfromsomethinghethinkswillhurthim,wecallthisemotionfear.Ifthepersonwantstoremovethedangerbyattackingit,wecalltheemotionanger.Theemotionsofjoyandlovearearousedwhenwethinksomethingcanhelpus.Anemotiondoesnothavetobecreatedbysomethingintheoutsideworld;itcanbecreatedbyaperson'sthoughts.Everyonehasemotions.Manypsychologistsbelievethatinfantsarebornwithoutemotions.Theybelievechildrenlearnemotionsjustastheylearntoreadandwrite.Agrowingchildnotonlyleamshisemotions,butalsolearnshowtoactincertainsituationsbecauseofanemotion.Psychologiststhinkthattherearetwotypesofemotion:positiveandnegative.Positiveemotionsincludelove,liking,joy,delight,andhope.Theyarearousedbysomethingthatappealstoaperson.Negativeemotionsmakeapersonunhappyordissatisfied.Theyincludeanger,fear,despair,sadness,anddisgust.Ingrowingup,apersonlearnstocopewiththenegativeemotionsinordertobehappy.Emotionsmaybeweakorstrong.Somestrongemotionsaresounpleasantthatapersonwilltryanymeanstoescapefromthem.Inordertofeelhappy,thepersonmaychooseunusualwaystoavoidtheemotion.Strongemotionscanmakeithardtothinkandtosolveproblems.Theymaypreventapersonfromlearningorpayingattentiontowhatheisdoing.Forexample,astudenttakinganexaminationmaybesoworriedaboutfailingthathecannotthinkproperly.Theworrydrainsvaluablementalenergyheneedsfortheexamination.1.Welearnfromthepassagethatanemotioniscreatedbysomethingthat（）.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?（）3.Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassageisto（）.4.Wecansafelyconcludethatastudentmayfailinanexamif（）.5.Asusedinthelastsentence,theword“drains”means（）.问题1选项A.onethinksbadorgoodB.onefeelsindangerC.onefacesintheoutsideworldD.onetriestoescapefrominreallife问题2选项A.Childrenlearnemotionsastheygrowup.B.Babiesarebornwithemotions.C.Emotionsfallintotwotypesingeneral.D.Peoplecancopewiththenegativeemotionsinlife.问题3选项A.explainwhypeoplehaveemotionsB.showhowpeopleavoidthenegativeemotionsC.explainwhatpeopleshoulddobeforeemotionsD.defineandclassifypeople’semotions问题4选项A.hecannotthinkproperlyB.hecannotpayattentiontoitC.hecannotadjusthimselftoitD.heisnotfullofenergy问题5选项A.stopsB.tiesC.weakensD.flowsgradually【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一句accordingtopsychologists,anemotionisarousedwhenamanoranimalviewssomethingaseitherbadorgood提到人的情感是由于人或者动物将某物视作好或坏的时候。选项A符合题意。2.文章第二段第二句manypsychologistsbelievethatinfantsarebornwithoutemotions提到婴儿被认为生下来没有情感。所以选项B符合题意。3.文章主要介绍了什么是人类的情感，有哪些种类，所以选项D符合题意。4.文章最后一段倒数第二句forexample,astudenttakinganexaminationmaybesoworriedaboutfailingthathecannotthinkproperly提到参加考试的学生害怕考试失败而难以正常思考。如果不能正常思考，考试就可能失败。所以选项A符合题意。5.题干中的drain的意思是“流干”。在文中指的是担忧将人们所需的经历削弱，选项C符合题意。15.单选题Hewasfiredbecausehewas（ ）lateforwork.问题1选项A.occasionallyB.consistentlyC.presentlyD.weekly【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。occasionally“偶尔”；consistently“一贯地”；presently“不久，一会儿”；weekly“每周一次”。句意：他被解雇了，因为他上班总是迟到。选项B符合题意。16.单选题Asyouallknow,theUnitedStatesisacountryonwheels.Nearlyeightmillionnewcarsaremadeeachyear,fourhouseholdsoutoffiveownatleastonecar,andmorethanaquarterhavetwoeach.Yetyou’llbesurprisedtolearnthatsomeofthecar-ownersevensufferfrommalnutrition.In1968,anation-widesurveyofmalnutritionwasmadeforthefirsttime.Itfoundthat10millionpeoplearesufferinginhealththroughinadequatefeeding;thecausesoftheirplightwerevaried.Unemploymentoveralongperiodshouldbeconsideredasthemainfactor.Andunemployment,strangetosay,ninetimesoutoftenresultsfromautomation,bothinindustrialandagriculturalareas.Forexample,intheruralSouthwhenacottonplantationsuddenlycutsitsforcefrom100peopletothree,theproblemtohelpthedisplacedarises.Soisthecasewithindustrialautomation.Infact,probably2millionjobsaremadeunnecessaryeachyearinthewholecountryasaresultoftheautomationprocess,thusmakingunemploymentachiefsocialconcern.Accordingtogovernmentstatistics,thenumberofpeopleunemployedwasover5percentfortheperiodfrom1958to1963.InJuly1981,itroseto7.8percent.Asamatteroffact,ithaslongbeenknownthatevenduringthemostprosperousperiodstherehavebeenpeoplewithoutenoughtoeat.So