临沂-英文版-介绍

LinyiTravelGuideTravelinShandongLinyi (línyí临沂)cityislocatedatthesoutheastofShandongProvince,bordering Jiangsu(jiāngsū江苏)ProvinceinthesouthandfacingtheYellowseatotheeastLinyihasatemperateclimateandrichprecipitation,withmountainareas,hillylandandplainstaking1/3respectively.HistoryLinyihasahistoryof2400years.Inthe1970s TheArtofWar(sūnzǐbīngfǎ孙子兵法)wasunearthedhere.TheArtofWarisaChinesemilitarytreatisethatwaswrittenby SunTzu (sūnzǐ孙子)inthe6thcenturyBC,duringtheSpringandAutumnperiod.Composedof13chapters,eachofwhichisdevotedtooneaspectofwarfare,itissaidtobethedefinitiveworkonmilitarystrategiesandtacticsofitstime,andstilloneofthebasictexts.TheArtofWarisoneoftheoldestandmostsuccessfulbooksonmilitarystrategy.IthashadaninfluenceonEasternmilitarythinking,businesstactics,andbeyond.SunTzusuggestedtheimportanceofpositioninginstrategyandthatpositionisaffectedbothbyobjectiveconditionsinthephysicalenvironmentandthesubjectiveopinionsofcompetitiveactorsinthatenvironment.Hethoughtthatstrategywasnotplanninginthesenseofworkingthroughanestablishedlist,butratherthatitrequiresquickandappropriateresponsestochangingconditions.Planningworksinacontrolledenvironment,butinachangingenvironment,competingplanscollide,creatingunexpectedsituations.TourismDevelopmentLinyihasalong-standinghistoryandmountains,rivers,scenicspotsandhistoricalsites.TheMengshanMountains (méngshān蒙山),LyingDragonLake, YinqueshanMuseumofBambooSlips (yínquèshānhànmùzhújiǎnbówùguǎn银雀山汉墓竹简博物馆)(SunZi'sArtofWarandSunBin'sArtofWar)fromHanTombs,theFormerResidenceof WangXizhi (wángxīzhī王羲之)--sageofcalligraphy, ZhugeLiang'sMemorialHall (zhūgěliànggùjū诸葛亮故居),Yinan'sBeizhaiStoneReliefTomboftheHanDynasty (hàndàiyínánběizhàihuàxiàngshímù汉代沂南北寨画像石墓),theAncientBattlefieldof"MalingBattle"(mǎlǐngzhànyì马岭战役)havebecomehottouristattractions.InLinyiCityproperthelongestrubberdam(whichhasbeenlistedinGuinnessWorldRecords)isbuiltacrosstheYiheRiver,whichformsthelargestfreshwaterlake--LyingDragonLake(8.24sqkm)intheurbanareasofthedomesticcities.Itheraldsmarketprospectstodeveloplake-orientedsightseeingandwateramusement.Mountains,watersandcommercialmarketsareleadingtouristprojectsofLinyiCity.In2001,Linyireceiveddomesticandforeigntouristsof4,780,000persons-times,earnedtourismrevenueof2,452billionyuan.DuringtheMay1goldenweekholidaytourismin2001alone,LinyiCityreceivedtouristsof704,500persons-times,earningtourismrevenueof129millionyuan.Amongothers,theMengshanMountainsreceived330,600persons-times,rankingthirdplaceinthetouristareasinShandongProvince.MengshanMountainMengshanMountainistheoneofthecradlesoftheChinesecivilization.MengshanMountainwithatime-honoredhistorycontrastswithTaishanMountain(120kilometersaway).Themountainhasnumerousdifferentshapesofpeaksandstones,thestreams,theoldtrees,thecenturies-oldTaoisttemples,thesimpleandpuresocialcustom,andthemarvelouslegends.MenciusrecordedthatConfuciusascendedthesummitoftheEast(Mengshan)MountainandfoundthatMengshanMountaindwarfedtheShandongprovince.TheemperorsofTangXuanzong (tángxuánzōng唐玄宗)(theseventhemperorofTangDynasty), Kangxi(kāngxī康熙)(thethirdemperoroftheQingdynasty)and Qianlong (qiánlóng乾隆)(thefifthemperoroftheQingdynasty)etc.havebeentoMengshanMountainformakingsacrificestothegods.Theliteratis,like Caiyi (càiyì蔡邑), Libai (lǐbái李白), Dufu (dùfǔ杜甫),and Sushi(sūshì苏轼)etc.,havevisitedhereandleftworld-famousmasterpieces.MengshanMountainisararesceneryresortandarenownedhistoricalandculturalMountaininthenorthernmountainrangeofChina.Thebeautifulscenery,marveloushistoricalrelicsandtherichresourcesendowMengshanMountainwiththeincrediblebeautyincludingthemagnificenceofTaishanMountain,thebeautyof HuangshanMountain (huángshān黄山),thesteepof HuashanMountain (huáshān华山),andpeculiarityof YantangMountain (yàntāngshān燕汤山).MengshanMountainwithexcellentairboastsareputationastheresortforlongevityintheworld.Location: ZhangTown (zhāngzhuāng张庄), FeiCounty (fèixiàn费县),LinyiAdmissionFee: CNY80 Howtogo: Youcantakelong-distancebustogetFeiCountyandthereisspeciallinetogotothemountainShandongUndergroundGrandCanyonThetotallengthoftheGrandCanyonis6,100meters,ofwhich3,100metershasbeenexploitedasatouristline.TheGrandCanyonwasshapedbytheenormouskarstcrack200,000yearsago.Themurmuringstreammakesbeautifulsound.Thegrotesquestalactites,stalagmitesandstonewaterfallportrayavarietyofstyles.OveronehundredscenicspotsuchasOneRiver,FivePasses,SixWaterfalls,NineSpring,NinePalaces,andTwelveGorgesetcaremagnificentandremarkable,deepandserene.TheGrandCanyonhasthecliffwiththeheightofseveralmeters,thecolorfulvaultofheaven,thebottomlesscrackofstone,thewaterfallsjustliketheMilkyWaypouringfromtheskyandthespiralshellswithdifferentstyles.Thewide placeoftheGrandCanyonaccommodateoveronehundredpeople,thenarrowplaceonlyholdsoneperson.Thecavescontainingsmallones,thegorgesinthegorges,variousstalagmites,stonepillars,fungus-shapedstonesdecoratingtheGrandCanyon,amazevisitorsverymuch.ThelongandcontinuousflowingundergroundrivermakestheGrandCanyonararecaverninthenorthofChina.Thecaveexpertstookadvantageoftheundergroundriverandcreatedthedriftinthecave.Atpresent,fivehundredmeterssectionsoftherivercantravelbyyacht.Afterthesecondstageprojectisfinished,thelengthfordriftcanreach2,500meters.Thevisitorstaketheyacht,godownstream,andexperiencetheexcitingfeelingoffright,danger,andastonishmentandthemarveloussceneryoftheGrandCanyon.Location: 8kilometerswestsouthof YishuiCounty (yíshuǐxiàn沂水县),LinyiAdmissionFee: CNY76Howtogo: YoucantakebusalsospeciallinetogothereHanTombBambooSlipsMuseum Itcoversanareaofaround10,000squaremeters,characterizedbyaclassicconstructioninthestyleofaroyalcourtthe2400-square-meterconstructionhadbeenbuiltin1981andhadbeencompletedandofficiallyopenedtothepublicin1989.ThetombsofHanDynastydiscoveredin1972byarchaeologicalworkers,whounearthedthebambooslipsofSunzi'sArtsonwarandSunbin'sArtsonwarthatwerelostmorethan1,700years.Thetwostrategicssolvedthemysteriesofthousandyearswhether Sunzi (sūnzǐ孙子)and Sunbin (sūnbìn孙膑)wasthesamepersonandwhethertherewasonebookortwoonthemilitaryscience.ItisoneofthetenmostimportantdiscoveriesofarchaeologyofChinasincetheestablishmentofPRC.32bambooslipsunearthedinthesecondtombwasAlmanacoftheFirstYearoftheReignofEmperorHanwudiofHanDynasty.IthasbeentheoldestandthemostcompleteancientalmanacdiscoveredsofarinChina.Thesilkpainting WesternHanDynasty (xīhàn西汉)unearthedfromtheninthtombintheGoldenSparrowMountainwasthesecondonefollowingwhatwasunearthedfromHanTombsof Mawangdui (mǎwángduī马王堆)of Hunan (húnán湖南)province.Address: NO.219,YimengRoad (yíménglù沂蒙路), LanshanCounty (lánshānqū兰山区),LinyiAdmissionFee: CNY30Howtogo: YoucantakebusNO.6togothereFormerResidenceWangXiZhi WangXiZhiisanoutstandingcalligrapher,hewasversedinnearlyallkindsofstylesofcalligraphy.HisworktheprefaceofLanTingPoemsCollectionwritteninrunninghandisesteemedasthebestrunninghandworkintheworld.Hiswonderfulcalligraphyhaslongshockedandisadmiredbycalligraphersofallages. Itsaysthatwhenhewasachildheblackenedallthewaterofapondinfrontofhishousebywashinghiswritingimplementseverydayafterpractice.Thepoolistheinkstonerinsingpool,coveringanareaof3000squaremeters,whywecallitinkstonerinsingpool.PrefacetotheLantingPoetryAnthology(lántíngjíxù兰亭集序)InthebeginningoflatespringintheninthyearofYonghe,namelytheGuiChouyear,therewasameetingheldinLanting,whichisintheShanyinTownofKuaijiCounty,forexecutingtheXiuxiceremony.Thecelebritiesinthecounty,includingtheyoungandold,allcametoattendthisceremony.Aroundtheplace,therearehighmountainsandloftyhills,flourishingwoodsandtallbamboobushes,andclearstreamsfulloftherushingwaterfromboththeleftandrightsides.Allguestssatbyawindingcanalinarowanddrankwithonewinecupfloatingonitsoastowashawayminousness.Althoughwithoutthegrandsituationofstringandwindinstruments,howeversomeweredrinkingandsomewereexpressingtheirheartfeelingsinverseorsong,sothatitwasalsoenoughtotalkcheerfullytheirintenseemotions.Thisdayhadclearandfreshairundertheblueskyandagentlebreezewasfreelyblowing.Facinguptolookatthevastexpanseoftheuniverseandbowingdowntoexaminetheflourishmattercategory,skimmingovereverythingintheuniverseandgivingfreereintoextendtheirrangeofvision,thenpeoplecanbeenoughtogetthepleasureofseeingthroughandhearingabouttotheextreme.Actually,itshouldlookasveryhappy. Yet,peopledealandcopewithothersinalltheirlives.Whenalive,theygeteachotherinembracing;ortalkfreelywhatareontheirheartsinaroom;orplacetheiremotionstoothersastobeunrestrainedoutoftheformality.Althoughfetchorabandonofeachoneisverydifferent,andtheirtempersmaybenotalike,forinstance,orquietorimpetuous,whenenjoyingforgettingsomethingfromopportunity,theymaythinkthattheyhaveobtainedachievementsandfeelself-sufficiency.However,theydonotknowoldanddeathwillcomebeforelong.Untiltheyaretiredofwhathavebeenobtainedandtheiremotionschangedtogetheralongwithwhathavehappened，andthensighswithemotionhavetobeapproached.Thejoyoftheminthepast,inaninstant,havebecomeanoldtrace,unabletogiverisingtotheirnewdesire.Moreover,thelengthoflifeliesonluckandatlastmustbefinished.Therefore,theancientshadsaid,"Oneperson'slifeanddeathisthemostimportantthingforhimself."Isn'tthatpainful? Whileviewingthereasonsofthesighswithemotionoftheancients,ifitevokesmysympathy,Ialwayssighofsorrowbutcannotexplainwhyitis?Ioriginallyunderstandthatthethoughtssuchas"lifeisequatedwithdeath"isonlyanabsurdandso-calledthat"nobodyhaslongagemorethanadiedyoungchild''and"Pangzu,wholivedtotheageofeighthundred,isalsomerelyashortageperson''arethepreposterousopus.Iconsider,thatthelatergenerationsregardcontemporaryissameasthecontemporaryregardtheirancients!Howsaditis?Sointhispaper,Iappraisedthecurrentpeopleonalistandwrotedowntheirbrilliantexpositions.Thoughtheirexperiencesandaffairswereverydifferent,fromtheviewpointofsighswithemotion,theirresultsarethesame.Thereadersoflatergenerations,Iconsider,wouldhavethesamefeelingthatIexpressedinthispreface.（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）