(外研版)初中英语笔记初二(上)

学习必备欢迎下载（外研版）初中英语笔记初二（上）Module1howtolearnEnglishWhydon’t(you)do⋯是用来 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示提出某种建议。如：---Whydon’twedrivetothepark?---OK./Allright./That’sagoodidea.当我们提建议时，还可以使用其他句型：Whynottakeawalkinthepark?What/HowaboutgoingtoEuropeforaholiday?else“其他”，一般用在疑问词或某些代词之后，如：Whoelsedidyouseeatthemeeting?Doesanyoneelsewanttoreadthisbook?It’sagoodideatodo⋯“做⋯⋯是个好主意”paper,advice作不可数名词，表达“一张纸”、“一条建议”可用apieceofpaper和apieceofadvice。几张或几条则用：基数词+piecesof⋯try(not)todo⋯“尝试（不）做⋯⋯”Youshouldtrytoeatmorefruit.6.remembertodosth.记得做某事Remembertobringsomethingtodrink.7.forgettodosth.忘记做某事Iforgettocallhim.学习必备欢迎下载8.asksb（.not）todosth.要求某人（不）做某事。Theteacheraskedustocometoschoolontime.9.enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=havefun玩得愉快Module2experiences现在完成时⑴⑵⑶：have/has+动词的过去分词①用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的、发生的事情，这种行为对目前有某种影响;②还可以表示到目前为止曾经经历或没经历的事情;③要表达某一行为或某一状态从过去某一时间一直持续到现在，也可用现在完成时表示。如：Ihaveseenthefilm.Idon’twanttoseeitagain.IhavenevervisitedtheUSA.IhavelivedinBeijingfor10years.常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：yet,never,ever（用于疑问句或否定句中）；already,just,recently(用于肯定句中)。They’rejustheardamessagefromaspaceraft.㈢对一段时间的提问：howlong⋯回答：since+时间点或for+一段时间---HowlonghaveyoulivedinBeijing?---Since2008./Forfouryears.㈣在现在完成时中，点动词（非延续性动词）一般不与表示延续学习必备欢迎下载的时间状语连用。非延续性动词延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词comebackbebackleavebeawaybuyhavelearnknowborrowkeepputonweardiebedeadmarrybemarryIborrowedthebookthreeweeksago改.为：Ihavekeptthebookforthreeweeks.㈤点动词的谓语动词是否定形式，则可与表示一段时间的for短语连用。如：Myparentshaven’tseenmefortwoyears.㈥过去分词的变化形式大部分与动词的过去式形式相同，但不 规则 编码规则下载淘宝规则下载天猫规则下载麻将竞赛规则pdf麻将竞赛规则pdf 动词的变化无规律，如：see—saw—seen,send—sent—sent,be—was/were—been,break—broke—broken,keep—kept—kept,have/has—had—had,buy–bought—bought,make—made—made,go–went—gone,do–did—done.①havebeenin“一直呆在某个地方”，与时间状语连用。TheyhavebeeninBeijingfortwoweeks.②havebeento“去过某地，已经回来”。---HaveyoueverbeentoLondon?学习必备欢迎下载---Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.③hasgoneto“去了某地，还没回来”，常用于第三人称。MyfatherhasgonetoWuhan,andhe’llbebackthisweekend.Module3journeytospace无Module4educationgeton(well)withsb./sth.“和⋯⋯相处(融洽)”或“⋯⋯进展（好）”。Hedoesn’tgetonwellwithhisparents.eight-year-old为合成形容词，一般要用连字符连接起来，而且，year也不用复数形式。如：an80-pagebook一本80页的书three-roomapartment三室的套房withthehelpof表示“在⋯⋯的帮助下；借助于”。如：Theyworkedoutthemathsproblemwiththehelpoftheteacher.because“因为”，后接从句；becauseof“因为”，后接名词或名词短语。Hedidn’tgototheparkbecauseitrained.Hedidn’tgototheparkbecauseoftherain.lookafter=takecareof“照顾”Whowilllookafterthebaby?payfor“支付”borrowfrom“从⋯⋯借来⋯⋯”；len学习必备欢迎下载Module5westernmusic①反意疑问句：助动词/系动词be+主语（代词）它的构成是前肯后否，前否后肯。---Youaren’tateacher,areyou?你不是老师吧？---Ohyes,Iamateacher不.，我是老师。---Hedidn’tcometothemeeting,didhe？他没来开会，是吧？---No,hedidn’t.对，他没来。②陈述句部分有否定意义的词，反意疑问句要用肯定式。如：never,noone,few,little,hardly,nothing⋯2.“使某人怎么样”：makesb.dosth.makesb.+形容词Sadfilmsalwaysmakemecry.HiswaltzsmadehimfamousalloverEurope.notonly⋯butalso“不仅⋯⋯而且⋯⋯”Shenotonlysang,butalsodanced.Module6afamousstory1.①过去进行时：was/were+v.-ing一般来说，表示在过去某一时间正在发生的动作，都可以用过去进行时。如：Ididn’thearthephone.MyfatherwaswatchingTVthen.②常与过去进行时连用的时间状语：学习必备欢迎下载atthetime,atfiveyesterday,then,atthistimeyesterday,lastnight,thewholemorning⋯what⋯for?=why?为什么。如：Whatdowegotoschoolfor?Whydowegotoschool?bedoing⋯when⋯表示一个动作在进行，另一个动作又发生了。如：Theywereworkinginthefieldswhenitbegantorain.inthetree表示人、鸟等外来物在树上；onthetree表示花、果实长在树上。smileat⋯对⋯⋯微笑。get+形容词：“变得”Theweatherisgettingcold.复合不定代词：something,nothing,everything,anything⋯⋯如果形容词修饰这些复合不定代词，形容词置于后面。如：nothingstrange动词不定式todo作后置定语时，可修饰复合不定代词。如：nothingtodoseesb.dosth.看见某人做了某事(习惯性或经常性)seesb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事(正在做)如:Isawsheenterthehouse.Isawheplayingbasketball.(类似的有hear,feel,watch,notice.)学习必备欢迎下载①goacross=cross“穿过”，强调穿过某一平面（田野、桥等）。②through从某一空间内穿过。（门gate、深林forest）③past从某事物的一旁经过④over从平面的一边到另一边或越过某个高度⑤along/down表示沿着（街道、河流等）not⋯until直到⋯⋯才toomany+可数名词“太多”，toomanypeopletoomuch+不可数名词“太多”，toomuchmusicmuchtoo+形容词“太⋯⋯”muchtoohot13.havetodosth.必须做某事Ihadtostayathometolookafterher.too⋯to/⋯enoughto“太⋯⋯而不能”Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.Theboyisn’toldenoughtogoschool.Module7feelingandimpressions表感觉和知觉的系动词：feel,look,touch,smell,sound,taste⋯后接形容词。Doesthepartysoundnoisy?Thecakedoesn’ttastedelicious.Helooksangry.Theshirtfeelssoft.学习必备欢迎下载①hearfrom收到⋯⋯的来信。宾语为人Wehaven’theardfromherforages.Howwemissher.“收到⋯⋯的来信”还可这样表达：get/receivealetterformsb.②hearof/hearabout听说；听到Whatdoessb.looklike?询问外貌⑴beafraid+从句“害怕⋯⋯”I’mafraidthatyoucan’tgowithme.⑵beafraidtodosth.“害怕做某事”(没有勇气，不敢做)Hewasafraidtogooutaloneatnight.⑶beafraidofdoing⋯“害怕做某事”(害怕某事发生在自己头上，有可能发生，也有可能不发生)Heisafraidoffallingintotheriver.⑷beafraidofsb./sth.害怕某人某事。I’mnotafraidofyou.①beproudof⋯为⋯⋯而自豪Herparentsareproudofher.②beproudtodo⋯为做某事而感到自豪6.be/getangrywithsb.生某人的气Igotangrywithmyself.agreewithsb./sth.赞同某人某事can’twaittodosth.迫不及待地想做某事Thefanscan’twaittoseetheirfavoritepopstar.学习必备欢迎下载9.“也”。too用于口语（肯定句中），置于句末，用“，”隔开。Nicetomeetyou,too.②either用于否定句中。Shecan’tspeakChineseandherhusbandcan’t,either.③also用于实义动词之前，系动词、情态动词、助动词之后。Heisalsoasinger.④aswell用于肯定句句末。Shecandanceandshecansingaswell.10.aren’tbeing⋯arebeing不是⋯⋯而是⋯⋯Theyaren’tbeingfriendly—theyarepolite.thanks/thankyoufor+n./v-ing.感谢⋯⋯.Thankyouforlovelypresent.Thankyouforcoming.abit与alittle“有点”同：abit/alittle+adj./adv.异：alittle+不可数名词：alittlemilkabitof+不可数名词：abitofmilkModule8aroundtown①方位表达方式，常用的方位介词：ontheleft/right在左边/右边学习必备欢迎下载nextto与⋯⋯紧挨着opposite在⋯⋯对面onthecornerof在⋯⋯拐角处between⋯and⋯在⋯⋯和⋯⋯之间inthemiddleof在⋯⋯中间crossing十字路口②例句：Thebankisnexttothemarket.Thesupermarketisoppositetherestaurant.Takethethirdturningontheleft.Module9animalsindanger动词不定式㈠㈡㈢：（可作主语、宾语、补语、表语、状语、定语）结构为“(not)to+动词原形”（有时可不带to）。Toseeistobelieve.//Itisagoodideatobringyourcamera.Iwanttohaveadrink.Shetoldmetobuyaticket.Ourdutytodayiscleanthefloor.Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.常见的动词不定式的语用功能：⑴后接to+动词原形作宾语的有：want，hope,plan,decide,try,agree,学习必备欢迎下载offer,like,love⋯多表示将来的行为。如;Itriedtounderstandthewords,.itis⋯todosth.做某事怎么样It’sgoodtogetupearlyinthemorning.sb.be+形容词+todo⋯表示某人对某件事情的态度。Iwassurprisedtohearthatnews.⑷sth.be+形容词+todo⋯表某一事物的某种属性。Theseapplesarenotgoodtoeat.⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯.indanger处于险境；处于危险之中Thegirlisveryillandherlifeisindanger.4.takeaway把⋯⋯带走；减去Ifyoutake4awayfrom12,youget8.liveon以⋯⋯为生；（靠吃⋯⋯）维持生命。Sheepliveongrass.alongwaytogo路还很长；还需要努力。I’vegotthefirstprize.ButIknowI’vegotalongwaytogo.比较级+and+比较级:越来越⋯⋯longerandlonger①enough做形容词，“充足的；足够的”，在句中做定语或表语,做定语时放在修饰词之前。Wehaveenoughtimetofinishthework.学习必备欢迎下载②enough做副词时，修饰形容词、副词或动词，放在修饰词之后。Areyouwarmenoughinsuchalightjacket?suchas与forexample“例如”，前者用于举多个例子，无逗号隔开。如：Manyanimalsindangersuchastigers,whales,turtles.Module10LaoSheTeahouse双宾语：①“动词+人+物”或“动词+物+to/for+人”，其中，人称为间接宾语，物为直接宾语。如：Mybrotherboughtmesomestorybooks.Mybrotherboughtsomestorybooksforme.②常见的接双宾语的动词：give，bring,lend,send,show,leave,buy,tell,teach,sell⋯for表示“为某人”；如：buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.cooksb.sth.=cooksth.forsb.readsb.sth.=readsth.forsb.⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯.to表示“给某人”；如：givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.(其他bring，lend，hand，send，show，leave，teach，sell,offer⋯)学习必备欢迎下载introducesb./sth.tosb.向某人介绍⋯⋯CanyouintroduceyourselftousinEnglish?takeplace发生giveawelcome欢迎Module11theweather情态动词may/might：表示一般将来的可能性，might的可能性比may的可能性小。如：Bringyourswimsuitbecauseyoumightwanttoswiminthesea.ImaygotoEnglandoneday.其他表形容词和副词：Itispossiblethat⋯Itispossibletodosth.主语+willprobably/possibly+v.(probably的可能性比possibly的可能性大)3.hadbetterdosth.最好做某事。bettergetgoing相当于hadbettergo“最好现在去/走”takephotosof⋯“给⋯⋯拍照”Shetookalotofphotosofthekids.fromtimetotime=sometimes有时表天气名词+y结尾构成其形容词形式。如：cloud—cloudy,rain—rainy,snow—snowy,学习必备欢迎下载wind—windy,sun—sunny,fog—foggy,Module12traditionallife1.情态动词must,canmust表示“必须做某事”，含主观看法。mustn’t表示“禁止做某事”。---MustIgetupearly?---Yes,youmust.---No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.can表示允许；can’t表示“不能；不要”，即不允许。Youcangoandseetheliondance.---MayIopenthewindow?---Yes,youmay./No,youcan’t.accept与receive“收到”，receive表收到但不一定接受。如：Shereceivedapresent,butshedidn’tacceptit.bedifferentfrom与⋯⋯不同BirthsEnglishisdifferentfromAmericanEnglish.4.shakehandswithsb.与某人握手