英语专业四级必备练习

欢迎下载PAGE\*MERGEFORMAT#TEST4Whenastatementisnegated,itspresuppositionis.当一个语句的否定，其前提是A.stilltrueB.falseC.alsonegatedD.neithertruenorfalse（正确答案：A）Pragmaticfailuremayoccur.语用失误可能发生amonglearnersofaforeignlanguageonlyB.incross-culturalcommunicationonlyC.inbothcross-culturalandintra-culturalcommunicationD.amongspeakersofthesamelanguageonly（正确答案：C）在跨文化和文化交流中Whichofthefollowingisapairofrelationalantonyms?关系反义词dead/aliveB.large/smallC.male/femaleD.husband/wife（正确答案：D）Thesentence“JohnboughtaFord”“Johnboughtacar.”presupposesB.entailsC.issynonymouswithD.isconsistentwith（正确答案：B）需要Theinferenceofconventionalimplicaturedependson.常规含意的推导A.thecontextofcommunicationB.thehearer'sknowledgeofthelanguageC.thesharedknowledgeofthespeakerandthehearerD.thehearer'sknowledgeoftheCP.（正确答案：B）Therelationbetweenthewords“animal”and“monkey”isthatof.synonymyB.polysemyC.antonymyD.hyponymy（正确答案：D）上下义关系AccordingtoSearle'sclassificationofspeechacts,theactof“advising”belongstothecategoryof.directivesB.commissivesC.expressivesD.assertives（正确答案：A）指令Whichofthefollowingutterancescanserveasanexampleofthetypeofspeechactscalled“declarations”?I'mawfullysorryforsteppingonyourtoes.B.Youarefired!C.Willyousitdownplease?D.Theearthisaglobe.（正确答案：B）Theexchangebelowcanbeusedasanillustrationof.A:Yournewskirtisreallynice!B:No,no.Itisverycheap.A.agrammaticalmistakeB.floutingofthemaximofmanneC.apragmaticfailureD.theviolationofCP（正确答案：C）语用失误Intheexchangebelowthesecondspeakerhasfloutingthemaxim违反准则of.A:Themoviewesawlastnightwasfantastic,don'tyouthink?B:Thesoundeffectwasgood.qualityB.relationC.quantityD.manner（正确答案：C）Therelationbetween“ChristopherrealizedthatWinniewasgone”and“Winniewasgone”is.synonymyB.entailmentC.presuppositionD.inconsistency（正确答案：C）预设“careful”inthephrase“averycarefulgirl”is.specifierB.modifierC.headD.complement（正确答案：B）修饰语Thesentence“C?”“C.”entailsB.contradictsC.presupposesD.inlcudes（正确答案：C）预设Predicationanalysis预测分析isawayproposedbythestructuralsemanticists结构语义学toanalyzethemeaningofa.A.morphemeB.wordC.phraseD.sentence（正确答案：D）Thefunctionoftheutterance“Niceweather,isn'tit?”is.A.referentialB.directiveC.phaticD.descriptive（正确答案：C）Transformationalrulesdonotchangethebasicofsentences.A.formB.structureC.meaningD.soundpattern（正确答案：C）“Lift”and“elevator”areusedrespectivelyinBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish,buttheyrefertothesamething.Thewordsaresynonyms.A.collocationalB.dialectalC.completeD.stylistic（正确答案：B）方言AccordingtoSearle,thoseillocutionaryacts言外行为whosepointistocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofactionarecalled.A.commissivesB.directivesC.expressivesD.declaratives（正确答案：A）承诺Inthephrasestructurerule“S—NPVP",thearrowcanbereadas.A.isequaltoB.consistsofC.hasD.generates（正确答案：B）Transformationalrulesdonotchangethebasicofsentences.A.formB.structureC.meaningD.soundpattern（正确答案：C）Utterancemeaning话语意义isricherthansentencemeaning;itisidenticalwiththepurposeforwhichthespeakeruttersthesentence.Alocutionaryistheactofsayingsomethinginthefullsenseof"say””.Specificactsthatfallintoeachtypesharethesameillocutionary言外point,butdifferintheirstrength.Everyactofostensivecommunication明示交际communicatesthepresumptionofitsownoptimalrelevanee.最佳关联性Reference参照iswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.Anargumentisalogicalparticipantinapredication,largelyidenticalwiththenominalelementsinasentence.三、TrueorFalse（每小题2.0分，总共20.0分）Thesamesemanticfeatureoccursinonepartofspeechonly.Forexample,"female"occursonlyinnounssuchas"mother","woman""girl""tigress"andsoonbutnotinotherpartsofspeech.（正确答案：错误）AccordingtoSearle'sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,inviting,ordering,advising,promisingandapologizingallfallintothecategoryofdirectives.（正确答案：错误）Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituationswhilelinguisticformswiththesamereferencealwayshavethesamesense.。（正确答案：错误）Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthatpresupposition,unlikeentailment,isnotvulnerabletonegation.Thatistosay,ifasentenceisnegated,theoriginalpresuppositionisstilltrue.。（正确答案：正确）预设和蕴涵的重要区别是，预设不像蕴涵，是不容易的否定。也就是说，如果一个句子是否定的，原先的前提仍然是真实的5.Oftheviewsconcerningthestudyofsemantics语义,thecontextualview,whichplacesthestudyofmeaninginthecontextinwhichlanguageisused,isoftenconsideredastheinitialefforttostudymeaninginapragmaticsense.语用意识。（正确答案：正确）Whenperforminganillocutionaryactofrepresentative,thespeakerismakingastatementorgivingadescriptionwhichhehimselfbelievestobetrue.。（正确答案：正确）Utteranceisbasedonsentencemeaning;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunicationorsimplyincontext.。（正确答案：正确）“above"and“below"areapairofcomplementaryantonyms.。（正确答案：错误）DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish.。（正确答案：错误）10.OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrinciple合作原则下的一条准则isblatantlyviolated公然违反andthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversationalimplicaturesarise.。（正确答案：正确）TEST5Thechildrenknowthetaboowords禁忌词,thepoliteformsofadress,duringatypicaldevelopmentB.grammaticaldevelopmentC.pragmaticdevelopmentD.vocabularydevelopment您的答案：C语用发展theorizedthatacquisitionoflanguageisaninnateprocess与生俱来的过程determinedbybiologicalfactorswhichlimittheimportantperiodforacquisitionofalanguagefromroughlytwoyearsofagetopubery.InputHypothesisB.CriticalPeriodHypothesisC.InteractionHypothesisD.Sapir-WhorfHypothesis您的答案：B临界周期假说Infirstlanguageacquisition,imitationplays.aminorroleB.asignificantroleC.abasicroleD.norole您的答案：A小角色Linguistshavefoundthatforthevastmajorityofchildren,languagedevelopmentoccurs.A.withlittleconsciousinstructionwithmuchimitationwithmuchcorrectionfromtheirparentsD.withlittlelinguisticinput您的答案：AInthefollowingstatementsaboutmotivation,whichoneisNOTtrue?A.Itisdefinedasthelearner'sattitudesandaffectivestateorlearningdrive.Ithasastrongimpactonalearner'seffortsinlearningasecondlanguage.Itoccursonlywhenlearnerslearnasecondlanguageforexternalpurpose.Itplaysanimportantroleinlearner'suseoflearningstrategies.您的答案：CThemeaningthatcanbefoundinthedictionaryisthemeaningofaword.A.connotativeB.iconicC.cultureD.denotative您的答案：D外延TheSapir-WhorfHypothesisisabout.萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说A.languageandthoughtB.languageandtranslationC.culturalstructureD.secondlanguageacquisition您的答案：AThefactthatalexicalitem一个词项mayundergoashiftinmeaningiscalledinlinguistics.wideningofmeaningB.narrowingofmeaningC.meaning-shiftD.losingofmeaning您的答案：Cmeaning-shiftLanguagechangeis.A.continuous,regular,systematic,butnotuniversaluniversal,continuous,butnotregularandsystematicalwaysregularandsystematic,butnotuniversalandcontinuousD.universal,continuousand,toalargeextent,regularandsystematic您的答案：D普遍的，连续的，在很大程度上，定期和系统的Aroundtheageoftwo,childrenbegintoproducetwo-wordutterancessuchas“mommysock”,whichofthefollowingstatementsdescribesitsfeature?A.Thiskindofspeechiscalledcaretakertalk.Thiskindofspeechiscalledtelegraphicspeech.Therearecontentwordsinthespeech.Therearenotfunctionelementsinthespeech.您的答案：AThelanguagecharacteristicofpeopleofthesamesocialbackgroundiscalledA.idolectB.genderspeechC.sociolectD.localdialect您的答案：C方言Themoststrikingdifferencebetweenthelanguageoftheoldandthatoftheyoungisfound.A.inthewordstheyuseB.intheirpronunciationC.inthewaytheyconstructsentencesinthewaytheyusebodylanguage您的答案：AAccordingtoFerguson'sinvestigation,thehighformofalanguageisusedinallthefollowingsituationsinadiglossiccountryEXCEPT.A.universitylecturesB.newsbroadcastC.captiononpoliticalcartoonD.sermoninChurch您的答案：C政治漫画标题AccordingtoSapir-WhorfHypothesis,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?Differentlanguagesofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressingtheworldaround.Languagestructurepeoplehabituallyuseshowsnoinfluenceonpeople'sbehavior.Languagefilterspeople'sperceptionandthewaytheycategorizeexperiences.D.Languagepatternsdetermineorinfluencepeople'sthinkingandbehavior.您的答案：B人们习惯性地使用语言结构对人们的行为没有影响。WhichofthefollowingabouttherelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureisNOTtrue?Languageuseistintedwithitsculture.Therelationshipisanalogoustothatofstructuresandprocesses.Languageexpressesculturalreality.Therelationshipoflanguagetocultureisthatofparttowhole.您的答案：B这种关系类似于结构和过程的关系。TOC\o"1-5"\h\zTheculturethatisabstract,ambiguousandhiddenrefersto.A.spiritualcultureB.folkcultureC.theproductsofnatureD.whatisbornandgrows您的答案：A“Radar”isa/an.A.blendingB.acronymC.clippingD.coinage您的答案：D货币制度Thestudyofhowlanguageislearnediscalled.A.appliedlinguisticsB.languageacquisitionC.psycholinguisticsD.pragmatics您的答案：BAmongthefollowingtheories,whichhasnothingtodowithchildlanguageacquisition?A.Thecontextualistviews.B.Thebehavioristviews.C.Theinnatistviews.D.Theinterationistviews.您的答案：AAccordingtosomeinvestigations,allthefollowingcharacterizewomenspeakers'speechEXCEPT.theytendtousesuchwordsasawfully,terriblemoreoftenthanmentheytendtobemorecorrectintheirusagethanmentheytendtospeakmorequicklythanmentheytendtousequestiontagsmoreoftenthanmen您的答案：CWhatdescriptionisTRUEwithstandarddialect?ItisrelatedtosomeparticulargroupoflanguageusersinChina.Itisasociallyprestigiousdialectofalanguage,henceasociolect.Itisasuperimposedformaboveovertherangeofregionaldialect.Itismostcorrectinlinguisticformsamongallthelanguagevarietiestolinguists.您的答案：C这是一个叠加的形式以上的区域方言的范围。Thefamousline“Myloveisared,redrose”stirsuptheimaginationofabeautifulyounglady.Thisisthemeaning.A.denotativeB.iconicC.connotativeD.cultural您的答案：B标志性的ThefollowingisthelanguageusedbytwospeakersAandB.A:Ididityesterday.B:Idoneityesterday.Hehasn'tgotit.AItwasshethatsaiditItwasherwhatsaidit.Fromthiswecaninferthat.AandB'srelativesocialstatuscanroughlybeestimatedAndBhavecomefromdifferentregionsAandBdisplaydifferentlinguisticskillsandlinguisticcompetenceAandBhavelearneddifferentlanguagesatschool您的答案：A,B方的相对社会地位可以粗略估计24.Itistruethatwordsmayshiftinmeaning,i.e.semanticchange.Thesemanticchangeofthewordtailbelongto.narrowingofmeaningmeaningshiftwideningofmeaninglossofmeaning您的答案：C意义扩大Aslateasthefifteenandsixteenthcenturies,onecouldmerelyaddnotattheendofanaffirmativesentencetonegateit,asinILovetheenot.However,inmodernEnglish,peoplewillsay“Idonotloveyou.”Thisshowschangein.A.vocabularyB.agreementruleC.syntacticrelationsD.negationrule您的答案：D否定规则isdefinedasanyregionallyorsociallydefinablehumangroupidentifiedbysharedlinguisticsystem.A.AspeechcommunityB.AraceC.AsocietyD.Acountry您的答案：A言语社区Variationinlanguageuseisalsoassociatedwiththesexofindividualspeakers'.Whichofthefollowingtermdoesthisdefinitionfitfor?A.RegisterVariationB.GenderVariationEducationVariationD.AgeVariation您的答案：BWhichsociolinguisticconceptdoesthisfollowingsayingbelongto?Ifwedon'tbeginstudyingforthefinal,awholesemester'sworkisgoingdownthetubes.A.SlangB.EuphemismC.TabooD.Ethnicdialect您的答案：A俚语WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutBlackEnglish?BlackEnglishhasitsownfeaturesatthesound,word,andsentencelevel.BlackEnglishisspokenbyasmallsectorofprivilegedblacks.BlackEnglishtendstoimpresspeopleasuneducatedandinferior.BlackEnglishisjustanothernon-standardvarietyofEnglish.您的答案：B黑人英语是由一个小部门的特权黑人所说的。Amongthefollowingtermsforthetypesoflanguage,whichisconsideredamoreneutralterms中立项?A.StandardlanguageB.non-standardlanguageC.DialectsD.Speechvariety您的答案：D言语变体InHalliday'stermsregisterrefersto.thelanguageusedforacertainoccupationthetypeoflanguageselectedasappropriatetoatypeofsituationtheareaofoperationofthelanguageactivitythechannelofcommunicationselectedasappropriateforacertainsituation您的答案：B选定的语言类型为适当的一种情况varietyreferstospeechvariationaccordingtotheparticularareawhereaspeakercomesfrom.A.RegionalB.SocialC.StylisticD.Idiolectal您的答案：A区域inaperson'sspeech,orwriting,usuallyrangesonacontinuumfromcasualtoformalaccordingtothetypeofcommunicativecontext.A.RegionalvariationB.SocialvariationC.StylisticvariationD.Idiolectalvariation您的答案：C语体二、TrueorFalse（每小题2.0分，总共18.0分）ThereasonforFrenchtousechevalandforEnglishtousehorsetorefertothesameanimalisinexplicable无法解释的.正确2.Interferencefromlearns'mothertongueistheonlysourcesoferrorsintheirsecondorforeignIanguagelearning.错误Bilinguismisasituationinwhichavarietyoflanguagesco-existinaspeechcommunity.错误Thebehavioristsviewlanguageacquisitionasaprocessifhabitformation,hencelearninganotherlanguageistoestablishanothersetofhabit.如果养成习惯，学习另一种语言就是建立另一套习惯。正确5.Ifachildisdeprivedoflinguisticenvironmentbeforepuberty,heorsheisunlikelytolearnalanguagesuccessfullylateron.如果一个孩子在青春期前被剥夺了语言环境，他或她就不可能成功地学习一门语言了。正确Regardlessoftheirethnicandculturalbackground,childrenofallcolorsandsocietiesfollowroughlythesameroute/orderoflanguage,thoughtheymaydifferintherateoflearning.正确Anachievementtestassesseshowmuchalearnerhasmasteredthecontentsofaparticularcourse.正确8.InHymes'view,thelearneracquiresknowledgeofsentencesnotonlyasgrammaticalbutalsoaslexical.错误9.GreekdoesnotbelongtoIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamily错误Acreolelanguage一种混合语isoriginallyapidginthathasbecomeestablishedasanativelanguageinsomespeechcommunity.Intermsofidiolectsociolinguistics在个人社会语言学术语方面，issometimesusedtorefertothewholeofaperson'slanguage.Whilemostspeakersarelimitedtoasingleregionaldialect,asocially-consciousspeakermustemployavarietyofstylesofspeechknownasregister.名册EnglishlanguageexpertssayGeoffreyChaucerwasthefirstimportantwritertousetheEnglishlanguage.