国际经济学罗伯特凯伯答案1

国际经济学罗伯特凯伯第13版答案CHAPTER1THEINTERNATIONALECONOMYANDGLOBALIZATION国际经济学罗伯特凯伯第13版答案MULTIPLE-CHOICEQUESTIONS1.Aprimaryreasonwhynationsconductinternationaltradeisbecause:a.Somenationsprefertoproduceonethingwhileothersproduceotherthingsb.Resourcesarenotequallydistributedamongalltradingnationsc.Tradeenhancesopportunitiestoaccumulateprofitsd.Interestratesarenotidenticalinalltradingnations2.Amainadvantageofspecializationresultsfrom:a.Economiesoflarge-scaleproductionb.Thespecializingcountrybehavingasamonopolyc.Smallerproductionrunsresultinginlowerunitcostsd.Highwagespaidtoforeignworkers3.Internationaltradeingoodsandservicesissometimesusedasasubstituteforallofthefollowingexcept:a.Internationalmovementsofcapitalb.Internationalmovementsoflaborc.Domesticproductionofthesamegoodsandservicesd.Domesticproductionofdifferentgoodsandservices4.Ifanationhasanopeneconomy,itmeansthatthenation:a.Allowsprivateownershipofcapitalb.Hasflexibleexchangeratesc.Hasfixedexchangeratesd.Conductstradewithothercountries5.Internationaltradeforcesdomesticfirmstobecomemorecompetitiveintermsof:a.Theintroductionofnewproductsb.Productdesignandqualityc.Productpriced.Alloftheabove6.Themovementtofreeinternationaltradeismostlikelytogenerateshort-termunemploy​mentinwhichindustries?a.Industriesinwhichthereareneitherimportsnorexportsb.Import-competingindustriesc.Industriesthatselltodomesticandforeignbuyersd.Industriesthatselltoonlyforeignbuyers7.Internationaltradeisbasedontheideathat:a.Exportsshouldexceedimportsb.Importsshouldexceedexportsc.Resourcesaremoremobileinternationallythanaregoodsd.Resourcesarelessmobileinternationallythanaregoods8.Argumentsforfreetradearesometimesdisregardedbypoliticiansbecause:a.Maximizingdomesticefficiencyisnotconsideredimportantb.Maximizingconsumerwelfaremaynotbeachiefpriorityc.Thereexistsoundeconomicreasonsforkeepingone’seconomyisolatedfromothereconomiesd.Economiststendtofavorhighlyprotecteddomesticmarkets9.Howmuchphysicaloutputaworkerproducersinanhour’sworkdependson:a.Theworker’smotivationandskillb.Thetechnology,plant,andequipmentinusec.Howeasytheproductistomanufactured.Alloftheabove10.ThelargestamountoftradewiththeUnitedStatesinrecentyearshasbeenconductedby:a.Canadab.Germanyc.Chiled.UnitedKingdom11.Increasedforeigncompetitiontendsto:a.Intensifyinflationarypressuresathomeb.Inducefallingoutputperworker-hourfordomesticworkersc.Placeconstraintsonthewagesofdomesticworkersd.Increaseprofitsofdomesticimport-competingindustries12.________istheabilityofafirm/industry,underfreeandfairmarketconditions,todesign,produce,andmarketgoodsandservicesthatarebetterand/orcheaperthanthoseofotherfirms/industries.a.Competitivenessb.Protectionismc.Comparativeadvantaged.Absoluteadvantage13.Afirm’s________,relativetothatofotherfirms,isgenerallyregardedasthemostimpor​tantdeterminantofcompetitiveness.a.Incomelevelb.Tastesandpreferencesc.Governmentalregulationd.Productivity14.Freetradersmaintainthatanopeneconomyisadvantageousinthatitprovidesallofthefollowingexcept:a.Increasedcompetitionforworldproducersb.Awiderselectionofproductsforconsumersc.Theutilizationofthemostefficientproductionmethodsd.Relativelyhighwagelevelsforalldomesticworkers15.RecentpressuresforprotectionismintheUnitedStateshavebeenmotivatedbyallofthefollowingexcept:a.U.S.firmsshippingcomponentproductionoverseasb.HighprofitlevelsforAmericancorporationsc.SluggishratesofproductivitygrowthintheUnitedStatesd.HighunemploymentratesamongAmericanworkers16.Internationaltradetendstocausewelfarelossestoatleastsomegroupsinacountry:a.Thelessmobilethecountry’sresourcesb.Themoremobilethecountry’sresourcesc.Thelowerthecountry’sinitiallivingstandardd.Thehigherthecountry’sinitiallivingstandard17.Foranationtomaximizeitsproductivityinaglobaleconomy:a.Onlyimportsarenecessaryb.Onlyexportsarenecessaryc.Bothimportsandexportsarenecessaryd.Neitherimportsnorexportsarenecessary18.Afeasibleeffectofinternationaltradeisthat:a.Amonopolyinthehomemarketbecomesanoligopolyintheworldmarketb.Anoligopolyinthehomemarketbecomesamonopolyintheworldmarketc.Apurelycompetitivefirmbecomesanoligopolistd.Apurelycompetitivefirmbecomesamonopolist19.Internationaltradeingoodsandservicestendsto:a.Increasealldomesticcostsandpricesb.Keepalldomesticcostsandpricesatthesamelevelc.Lessentheamountofcompetitionfacinghomemanufacturersd.Increasetheamountofcompetitionfacinghomemanufacturers20.Therealincomeofdomesticproducersandconsumerscanbeincreasedby:a.Technologicalprogress,butnotinternationaltradeb.Internationaltrade,butnottechnologicalprogressc.Technologicalprogressandinternationaltraded.Neithertechnologicalprogressnorinternationaltrade21.IntheUnitedStates,automobilesare:a.Imported,butnotexportedb.Exported,butnotimportedc.Importedandexportedd.Neitherexportednorimported22.Technologicalimprovementsaresimilartointernationaltradesincetheyboth:a.Providebenefitsforallproducersandconsumersb.Increasethenation’saggregateincomec.Reduceunemploymentforalldomesticworkersd.Ensurethatindustriescanoperateatlessthanfullcapacity23.Asuddenshiftfromimporttariffstofreetrademayinduceshort-termunemploymentin:a.Import-competingindustriesb.Industriesthatareonlyexportersc.Industriesthatselldomesticallyaswellasexportd.Industriesthatneitherimportnorexport24.Recentempiricalstudiesindicatethatproductivityperformanceinindustriesis:a.Directlyrelatedtoglobalizationofindustriesb.Inverselyrelatedtoglobalizationofindustriesc.Notrelatedtoglobalizationofindustriesd.Anyoftheabove25.Empiricalresearchindicatesthat________bestenhancesproductivitygainsforfirmsandindustries.a.Localcompetitionb.Regionalcompetitionc.Globalcompetitiond.Nocompetition26.Increasedglobalizationisfosteredby:a.Increasedtariffsandquotasb.Restrictionsonthemigrationoflaborc.Reducedtransportationcostsd.Restrictionsoninvestmentflows27.AreducedshareoftheworldexportmarketfortheUnitedStateswouldbeattributedto:a.DecreasedproductivityinU.S.manufacturingb.HighincomesofAmericanhouseholdsc.RelativelylowinterestratesintheUnitedStatesd.HighlevelsofinvestmentbyAmericancorporations28.ThedominanttradingnationintheworldmarketfollowingWorldWarIIwas:a.UnitedKingdomb.Germanyc.SouthKoread.UnitedStates29.Aclosedeconomyisoneinwhich:a.Importsexactlyequalexports,sothattradeisbalancedb.Domesticfirmsinvestinindustriesoverseasc.Thehomeeconomyisisolatedfromforeigntraded.Savingexactlyequalsinvestmentatfullemployment30.Relativetocountrieswithlowratiosofexportstogrossdomesticproduct,countrieshavinghighexporttogrossdomesticproductratiosare________vulnerabletochangesintheworldmarket.a.Lessb.Morec.Equallyd.Anyoftheabove31.Whichofthefollowingisafallacyofinternationaltrade?a.Tradeisazero-sumactivityb.Exportsincreaseemploymentinexportingindustriesc.Importrestrictionsincreaseemploymentinimport-competingindustriesd.Tariffsandquotasreducetradevolume32.ForeignownershipofU.S.financialassets:a.Hasdecreasedsincethe1960sb.Hasincreasedsincethe1960sc.HasmadetheU.S.anetborrowersincethelate1980sd.Bothaandc33.Thefirstwaveofglobalizationwasbroughttoanendbythe:a.GreatDepressionb.SecondWorldWarc.FirstWorldWard.Smoot-HawleyAct34.Multilateraltradenegotiationshaveledto:a.Continuedtradeliberalizationb.Financialliberalizationc.Increasedinvestmentd.AlloftheaboveTRUE-FALSEQUESTIONSTF1.ImportanttradingpartnersoftheUnitedStatesincludeCanada,Mexico,Japan,andChina.TF2.TheUnitedStatesexportsalargerpercentageofitsgrossdomesticproductthanJapan,Germany,andCanada.TF3.Openingtheeconomytointernationaltradetendstolesseninflationarypressuresathome.TF4.Thebenefitsofinternationaltradeaccrueintheformsoflowerdomesticprices,developmentofmoreefficientmethodsandnewproducts,andagreaterrangeofconsumptionchoices.TF5.Inanopentradingsystem,acountrywillimportthosecommoditiesthatitpro​ducesatrelativelylowcostwhileexportingcommoditiesthatcanbeproducedatrelativelyhighcost.TF6.Althoughfreetradeprovidesbenefitsforconsumers,itisoftenarguedthatimportprotectionshouldbeprovidedtodomesticproducersofstrategicgoodsandmaterialsvitaltothenation’ssecurity.TF7.Inthelongrun,competitivenessdependsonanindustry’snaturalresources,itsstockofmachineryandequipment,andtheskillofitsworkersincreatinggoodsthatpeoplewanttobuy.TF8.Ifanationhasanopeneconomy,itmeansthatthenationallowsprivateown​ershipofcapital.TF9.Increasedforeigncompetitiontendstoincreaseprofitsofdomesticimport-competingcompanies.TF10.RestrictivetradepolicieshaveresultedinU.S.producersofmineralsandmetalssupplyingalloftheU.S.consumers’needs.ANSWERSAnswerstoMultiple-ChoiceQuestions1.b2.a3.d4.d5.d6.b7.d8.b9.d10.a11.c12.a13.d14.d15.b16.a17.c18.a19.d20.c21.c22.b23.a24.a25.c26.c27.a28.d29.c30.b31.a32.d33.c34.dAnswerstoTrue-FalseQuestions1.T2.F3.T4.T5.F6.T7.T8.F9.F10.FSHORTANSWERQUESTIONS1.Whatisthemostimportantfactorthatcontributestocompetitiveness?Answer:Keytotheconceptofcompetitivenessisproductivity,oroutputperworker-hour.2.Whatarethechallengesoftheinternationaltradingsystem?Answer:Amongthechallengesthattheinternationaltradingsystemfacesaredealingwithfairlaborstandardsandconcernsabouttheenvironment.ESSAYQUESTIONS1.Doesexposuretocompetitionwiththeworldleaderinaparticularindustryimproveafirm’sproductivity?Answer:TheMcKinseyinstitutefoundthathigherproductivityrestedontheabilityofmangerstoinventnewandevermoreefficientwaysofmakingproductsandontheabilityofengineerstodesignproductsthatareeasytomake.TheinstituteresearchersobservedthatintheautoindustryinJapanorthefoodindustryintheUnitedStates,managersandengineersdonotachieveinnovationsbecausetheyaresmarterworkharderorarebettereducatedthantheirpeers.Theydosobecausetheyaresubjectedtointenseglobalcompe​tition,whereimprovinglaborproductivityisthekeytosuccess.2.Whataretheessentialargumentsinfavoroffreetrade?Answer:Proponentsofanopentradingsystemcontendthatinternationaltraderesultsinhigherlevelsofconsumptionandinvestment,lowerpricesofcommodities,andawiderrangeofproductchoicesforconsumers.Tradealsoenablesworkerstobecomemorepro​ductive,andwagesofworkerswhoseskillsaremorescarceinternationallytendtorise.（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）