科普英语阅读及答案

科普英语阅读及 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 lAMessyYouthDespitebeingenshroudedindustandsoneartheedgeofthecosmos,HFLS3appearsunusuallybright,radiatingininfraredwavelengthsthatshinewithapowerequivalentto30trillionsuns.Thistippedofftheresearchersthattheymusthavediscoveredamassivestarburstgalaxy,becausethecelestialobjectcouldshinesobrightlyonlybecauseofunusuallyhighstar-formationactivity.AnothersurpriseforRiechersandhisteamwasthatspectroscopicmeasurements,whichrevealthegalaxy'schemicalfingerprints,indicatethatitpossessesarichanddiversechemicalcomposition,similartopresent-daystarburstgalaxies.Becausemostoftheheavierelements,likecarbonandiron,arethoughttohaveformedfromtheashesofthefirstgenerationofstarsintheuniverse,astronomershavespeculatedtheseatomsshouldbeabsentinthefirstbillionyearsorsoaftertheBigBang."Thisisanindicationthattheintensestarformationin[HFLS3]hasalreadybeengoingonforasignificantamountoftime,longenoughfortheshortest-livedstarstoexplodeandpollutetheirenvironmentswithalltheheavyelementsthatwesee,"saidRiechers.lClearasmud,HuaweiTheChinesecompanysellsevermoresmartphonesandopensup,alittleFeb2nd2013|SHANGHAI|FromtheprinteditionAREPORTthatHuaweisoldmoresmartphonesinthelastquarterof2012thaneitherNokia,HTCorRIM(thecompanythathasjustrenameditselfBlackBerry)raisedeyebrowslastweek.ButlesswidelyreportednewsabouttheChinesecompany,bestknownforitstelecoms-networkinggear,mayprovemoreimportant.“Wewillhonourourcommitmenttotransparencyandopenness,”declaredCathyMeng,thefirm’schieffinancialofficer,atapressconference.Huaweiisprivatelyheld,sohasnoobligationtodiscloseitsfinances.ButitseffortstoexpandhaveledtogrumblesinEuropeaboutsubsidiesandabacklashinAmericaagainstitsopacity.AcongressionalcommitteeclaimedlastOctober,onflimsyevidence,thatitslackoftransparencyandtiestotheChinesearmymakeitasecuritythreattoAmerica.Onthecontrary,saysJohnSuffolk,Huawei’scyber-securitytsarwhousedtobechiefinformationofficerforBritain’sgovernment:hisfirmisitselfthetargetof“tensofthousandsofcyberattacksaweek”.AndEricAnderson,ofAmerica’sNationalIntelligenceUniversity,concludesinanewbook,“Sinophobia:TheHuaweiStory”,thatthefirmisavictimofChina-bashing.MsMeng’spromiseofopennessisimportantbecausesheisnotjustthecompany’schieffinancialofficer.HerfatherisRenZhengfei,itssecretivefounder.Shesaidrevenuesroseto220billionyuan($35billion)in2012,an8%rise,whileprofitssurgedbyathird.Fine,butdidnotHuaweisayinearly2012thatitexpectedrevenuestoriseby15-20%?Noclearanswersareoffered.Itseemsthefirm’spushintothemarketforcompanynetworkshasgotboggeddown.MsMengalsogaveafewdetailsaboutthecompany’soddownershipstructure.MrRenholdsamere1.4%stake,sheclaimed,andmostoftherestisheldbythefirm’semployees.Butwillemployeesbeallowedtotradethosesharesfreely?Thefirmisostensiblyrunbyseveralco-chiefexecutives,butcantheyoverruleMrRen?Howexactlywasthefirm’soriginalboardofdirectorschosen?MsMengsaysonlythat“inthefuture,wewillalsodiscloseotherdetails,suchasourboardmembers’shareholdings.”Huaweiisrighttoopenup,butsuchpartialdisclosuresrevealhowmuchfurtherthefirmhastogo.lOnlyconnectThefirstoffourreportsfromtheAAAS’sannualmeetinglooksathowbrainsarewiredupFeb23rd2013|BOSTON|FromtheprinteditionBIOLOGISTSusedtosufferfromphysicsenvy.Itwasthephysicists,notthem,whogotthebigbucksforbigscience.ThatchangedwiththeHumanGenomeProject,whichspentabout$3billionoveradecadereading(thoughnotalwaysunderstanding)thecompletesequenceofthegenetic“letters”oftheDNAthatdescribeshowtomakeandrunahumanbeing.Thegenomeproject,however,cametoanendtenyearsago.Eversincethen,ambitiousbiologistshavebeenlookingfortheNextBigThing.AndrumourhasitthattheNBTisabouttobeannounced.InMarchtheAmericangovernmentisexpectedtolaunchanattempttosolvebiology’smostmysteriousproblem:howthebrainworks.TheBrainActivityMap,asthisprojectseemslikelytobecalled,willstudyhowthebrainiswiredupatalllevels,fromtheconnectionsbetweenindividualnervecellstotheneuronalsuperhighwaysbetweenitsvariouslobesandganglia.Insodoingitwillinstitutionalisetheemergingscienceofconnectomics—whichwasoneofthecentrepiecesofthisyear’smeetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience,heldinBostonfromFebruary14th-18thTheconnectomists,iftheymaybesocalled,areattemptingtocompleteaprojectbegunin1543whenAndreasVesaliuspublishedabookcalled“Dehumanicorporisfabrica”(“Onthefabricofthehumanbody”),whichwasthefirstmoderntreatiseonanatomy.Thescienceofanatomy,withitsmantrathatformfollowsfunction,hasilluminatedunderstandingofeveryorganbutthebrain.Now,theconnectomistshope,thislastbastionwillfall,andacomprehensiveatlasofneuroanatomywillleadtoarealknowledgeofmentalprocessesandmentaldisease.注释1、大科学（BigScience，Megascience，LargeScience）一般是指投资大，多学科交叉的大型的基础科学研究项目，目前还没有一个确切的定义。大科学需要大量的资金，实验设备昂贵复杂，研究目标宏大。因此多为国际合作的形式进行。2、TheNextBigThing只能查到是一款游戏，若有更深的文化背景请指教。3、请教：原文这样的时间 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示方式——from后面的日期中间有连接符，是否有问题？4、安德雷亚斯•维萨里(AndreasVesalius)：（拉丁名AndreasvanWesel，也常做AndreasVesal，布鲁塞尔,12月31日,1514年-扎金索斯,10月15日,1564年）是一名解剖学家、医生，他编写的《人体的构造》(Dehumanicorporisfabrica)是人体解剖学的权威著作之一。被认为是近代人体解剖学的创始人。lLab-AlteredH5N1FluMoreInfectioustoHumansthanBirdsAnewstudysuggestsalaboratory-mutatedH5N1avianinfluenzaviruscouldposeagreaterrisktohumansthantobirds,addingtoconcernsaboutthenewavianflustrainthathasemergedrecentlyinChina.SinceitwasdetectedthispastFebruary,theH7N9influenzastrainhasinfectedmorethanonehundredpeopleinChina,mostlyinShanghai,andkillednearlyone-quarterofthem. Sofar,allhumancasesappeartohaveresultedfromcontactwithinfectedbirds,andthenewstrainhasshownnosignsofbeingtransmissiblefromhumantohuman.TomFriedenisdirectoroftheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,orCDC,headquarteredinAtlanta,Georgia.FriedensaysH5N1--initsnatural,unmutatedform--iseasytospotandcontrolbecauseinfectedflocksbecomevisiblysick. NotsowithH7N9.“WithH5[N1],thebirdsgetsickandthecountrycullstheflockanditstopsspreading. Here,thebirdsdon’tgetsicksoyoucan’tculltheflock,”statedFrieden.FriedensaystheCDC,likeanumberofotherinternationalmedicalresearchcenters,isstudyingsamplesoftheH7N9virusitacquiredfromChina.TheCDCisworkingcloselywithChinesehealthofficialstodevelopavaccineagainstthenewbirdflu.lSeaLevelRiseOceanLevelsAreGettingHigher—CanWeDoAnythingAboutIt?Coresamples,tidegaugereadings,and,mostrecently,satellitemeasurementstellusthatoverthepastcentury,theGlobalMeanSeaLevel(GMSL)hasrisenby4to8inches(10to20centimeters).However,theannualrateofriseoverthepast20yearshasbeen0.13inches(3.2millimeters)ayear,roughlytwicetheaveragespeedofthepreceding80years.Overthepastcentury,theburningoffossilfuelsandotherhumanandnaturalactivitieshasreleasedenormousamountsofheat-trappinggasesintotheatmosphere.TheseemissionshavecausedtheEarth'ssurfacetemperaturetorise,andtheoceansabsorbabout80percentofthisadditionalheat.Theriseinsealevelsislinkedtothreeprimaryfactors,allinducedbythisongoingglobalclimatechange:Thermalexpansion:Whenwaterheatsup,itexpands.Abouthalfofthepastcentury'sriseinsealevelisattributabletowarmeroceanssimplyoccupyingmorespace.Meltingofglaciersandpolaricecaps:Largeiceformations,likeglaciersandthepolaricecaps,naturallymeltbackabiteachsummer.Butinthewinter,snows,madeprimarilyfromevaporatedseawater,aregenerallysufficienttobalanceoutthemelting.Recently,though,persistentlyhighertemperaturescausedbyglobalwarminghaveledtogreater-than-averagesummermeltingaswellasdiminishedsnowfallduetolaterwintersandearliersprings.Thisimbalanceresultsinasignificantnetgaininrunoffversusevaporationfortheocean,causingsealevelstorise.IcelossfromGreenlandandWestAntarctica:Aswithglaciersandtheicecaps,increasedheatiscausingthemassiveicesheetsthatcoverGreenlandandAntarcticatomeltatanacceleratedpace.ScientistsalsobelievemeltwaterfromaboveandseawaterfrombelowisseepingbeneathGreenland'sandWestAntarctica'sicesheets,effectivelylubricatingicestreamsandcausingthemtomovemorequicklyintothesea.Moreover,higherseatemperaturesarecausingthemassiveiceshelvesthatextendoutfromAntarcticatomeltfrombelow,weaken,andbreakoff.ConsequencesWhensealevelsriserapidly,astheyhavebeendoing,evenasmallincreasecanhavedevastatingeffectsoncoastalhabitats.Asseawaterreachesfartherinland,itcancausedestructiveerosion,floodingofwetlands,contaminationofaquifersandagriculturalsoils,andlosthabitatforfish,birds,andplants.Whenlargestormshitland,highersealevelsmeanbigger,morepowerfulstormsurgesthatcanstripawayeverythingintheirpath.Inaddition,hundredsofmillionsofpeopleliveinareasthatwillbecomeincreasinglyvulnerabletoflooding.Highersealevelswouldforcethemtoabandontheirhomesandrelocate.Low-lyingislandscouldbesubmergedcompletely.HowHighWillItGo?Mostpredictionssaythewarmingoftheplanetwillcontinueandlikelywillaccelerate.Oceanswilllikelycontinuetoriseaswell,butpredictingtheamountisaninexactscience.Arecentstudysayswecanexpecttheoceanstorisebetween2.5and6.5feet(0.8and2meters)by2100,enoughtoswampmanyofthecitiesalongtheU.S.EastCoast.Moredireestimates,includingacompletemeltdownoftheGreenlandicesheet,pushsealevelriseto23feet(7meters),enoughtosubmergeLondonandLosAngeles.lSmallispowerfulTheNordiccountrieshaveacollectivepopulationofonly26m.FinlandistheonlyoneofthemthatisamemberofboththeEuropeanUnionandtheeuroarea.SwedenisintheEUbutoutsidetheeuroandhasafreelyfloatingcurrency.Denmark,too,isintheEUandoutsidetheeuroareabutpegsitscurrencytotheeuro.NorwayhasremainedoutsidetheEU.ButtherearecompellingreasonsforpayingattentiontothesesmallcountriesontheedgeofEurope.Thefirstisthattheyhavereachedthefuturefirst.Theyaregrapplingwithproblemsthatothercountriestoowillhavetodealwithinduecourse,suchaswhattodowhenyoureachthelimitsofbiggovernmentandhowtoorganisesocietywhenalmostallwomenwork.AndtheNordicsarecomingupwithhighlyinnovativesolutionsthatrejectthetiredorthodoxiesofleftandright.ThesecondreasontopayattentionisthatthenewNordicmodelisprovingstrikinglysuccessful.TheNordicsdominateindicesofcompetitivenessaswellasofwell-being.Theirhighscoresinbothtypesofleaguetablemarkabigchangesincethe1980swhenwelfaretookprecedenceovercompetitiveness.TheNordicsdoparticularlywellintwoareaswherecompetitivenessandwelfarecanreinforceeachothermostpowerfully:innovationandsocialinclusion.BCG,astheBostonConsultingGroupcallsitself,givesallofthemhighscoresonitse-intensityindex,whichmeasurestheinternet’simpactonbusinessandsociety.Booz&Company,anotherconsultancy,pointsoutthatbigcompaniesoftentest-marketnewproductsonNordicconsumersbecauseoftheirwillingnesstotrynewthings.TheNordiccountriesledtheworldinintroducingthemobilenetworkinthe1980sandtheGSMstandardinthe1990s.Todaytheyareaheadinthetransitiontobothe-governmentandthecashlesseconomy.LocalsboastthattheypaytheirtaxesbySMS.Thiscorrespondentgaveupchangingsterlingintolocalcurrenciesbecauseeverythingfromtaxiridestocupsofcoffeecanbepaidforbycard.TheNordicsalsohaveastrongrecordofdrawingonthetalentsoftheirentirepopulations,withthepossibleexceptionoftheirimmigrants.Theyhavetheworld’shighestratesofsocialmobility:inacomparisonofsocialmobilityineightadvancedcountriesbyJoBlanden,PaulGreggandStephenMachin,oftheLondonSchoolofEconomics,theyoccupiedthefirstfourplaces.AmericaandBritaincamelast.TheNordicsalsohaveexceptionallyhighratesoffemalelabour-forceparticipation:inDenmarknotfaroffasmanywomengoouttowork(72%)asmen(79%).lTheMatingGameResearchersknewthatfemaleE.bilimekiwouldexpelandeatsperm,butdidn’tknowwhy.Tofindout,ChristianLuisRodriguez-EnriquezandcolleaguesattheInstituteforEcologyinVeraCruz,Mexico,watched74pairsofE.bilimekicourtandmate.Theyfoundthatallofthefemalesexpelledandateatleastsomeoftheejaculatethatthey’dstoredinspecializedsperm-storageorgans.(See“SpermTrackedin3-D—AFirst.”)Whentheteamlookedcloser,theyfoundthatone-quarterofthefemalespurgedalloftheejaculatefromtheirbodies.Thismeantthatthemaleswithwhomtheyrecentlymatedwouldhavenochanceoffatheringtheiroffspring,accordingtothestudy,publishedrecentlyinthejournalBehavioralEcologyandSociology.Sincefemalesmatemultipletimes,theamountofejaculatesheexpelscanhelpincreaseordecreasethelikelihoodthatamalewillbethefatherofheroffspring.Themorespermsheexpels,thelesslikelythemalewillpassonhisgenes.Sowhatmakesanundesirablesuitor?Amaleflythat’stooaggressive,thestudyfound:Thelongeramalepursuedafemalebeforematingmadethefemalemorelikelytoexpelandconsumetheejaculate.Rodriguez-Enriquezandcolleagueshypothesizethatthismaybebecausethefemalegrowstiredofevadingthemaleandcopulatessimplytoavoidhisamorouspursuits.Expellingthespermmeansthatshedoesn’thavetoworryaboutmakingbabieswithmaleswhodon’tknowthemeaningof“backoff!”Plus,shejustmightgetsomenutritiousliquidinexchangeforherhassle.lTouchscreenignoresunintentionaltapsandswipesIfyou'reanythinglikeme,you'llhaveaccidentallytappedorswipedbuttonsonasmartphoneortabletthatyoudidn'tmeanto.Thishasnotonlycausedgamingcalamities-likedroppingthelandinggearwhilestillhypersonicinX-PlaneSpaceShuttleontheiPhone(arrgh!)butalsotweetingoremailinghalf-writtenmissivesorphotosbyleaningonthescreen.Ananswerofsortsisontheway.NokiaresearchersJuhaMateroandAshleyColleyhavedevelopedsoftwarethatcantellthedifferencebetweenanintentionaltapandaclumsyaccident.Theirtrick,theytoldlastmonth'sDesigningInteractiveSystemsconferenceinNewcastle,UK,wastocajole17colleagues-allsmartphoneusersadmittingtheyhadparticulartroublewithunintendedtouches-intotakingafewbasicsmartphoneuseteststoseehowoftentheygoofed.Inmorethan4000"touchevents",some1500wereunintentionalmistakes.Theynoticedthat99.7percentofintentionaltouchesrangedbetween70and400millisecondslong,butunintentionaltouchesweremuchshorter.Theyalsonotedthatmanyunintentionalpresseswereoniconsuptoamillimetrefromthescreenedge.Bycontinuingtoanalysethefactorsthatcaughtouttheuser,theyhaveworkedouthowtodesignasoftware-basedfilterthatcanridusersof80percentofunintentionaltouches.I'dwelcomesuchcodeinmyphone-butappuserinterfacedesignerscouldplayaparttoo,bynotpositioningbuttonssuchastweetoremail"send"buttonstooclosetoscreenedges.Inmyview,theworstexampleofmisconceivedbutton-placementisinApple'sVoiceMemoapp,whichhasalarge"delete"buttonrightnexttotheprogressbar-soscrollingthroughaudiooftenactivatesthedeletefunction.Notgood.Ifyouhaveanappbuttonplacementhorrorstory,tellusinthecomments.lWorld'sthinnestscreencreatedfromsoapbubbleWe'veshownyoucomputerscreensmadeofwaterandevenatouchscreenbuiltoutofice.ButnowYoichiOchiaifromtheUniversityofTokyoandcolleagueshavecreatedtheworld'sthinnestscreenfromasoapbubblethatcandisplayvividimagesthatareeitherflat,texturedor3D.Comparedtoconventionalscreensthatareopaque,asoapfilmvariesintransparencyandreflectance.Theteamwasabletocontrolthesepropertiesbyusingultrasonicsoundwavesemittedfromspeakerstoalterthesurface.Byusingasingleprojector,thetextureofanimagecanthenbechangedonthefly,forexampletomakeaballlooksmoothorrough.Severalscreenscanalsobecombinedtocreatea3Deffect.Bytweakingthetransparencyofthemembranes,anddisplayingalternateimagesoneachone,aholographicprojectioniscreated.Sincethefilmismadefromamixtureofcolloidsthatmakeithardtopop,objectscanpassthroughitwithoutbreakingthesurface.It'sthereforepossibletopokethescreenandinteractwithit.AccordingtoAlexisOyama,amemberoftheteam,thedisplayshouldbeusefultoartistsandexhibitorstogiveanimageamorerealisticfeel.Forexample,sincethescreenistransparent,aprojectionoftheEarthlookslikeit'ssuspendedintheair."Museumscoulddisplayfloatingplanetsbyusingthistechnology,"hesays.Byapplyingthefilmtoapolygon-shapedframe,alifelikeobjectcanbealsobegeneratedfromaprojector.ThesystemwillbepresentedinAugustatSiggraph2012,aconferenceoncomputergraphicsandinteractivetechniques,inLosAngeles.中学生科普英语竞赛（初中高年级）复赛模拟试卷答案及听力 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 PARTIListeningComprehension（听力。共20分，每题1分)SectionASpotDictation（8分）A1AmazinglyA2ancientA3bloomsA4revivedA5tissuesA6preserveA7viableA8conservationSectionBShortDialogues（6分）1D2C3C4A5B6DSectionCShortPassages（6分）Passage17A8A9CPassage210C11A12BPartIITranslation(翻译)10分B1：在Texas最近的一次会议上，三组科学家介绍了新的地图。这些地图呈现了暗物质—大量不可见的物质—隐藏的地方。B2：它既不发光也不反射光。这意味着对于人类的眼睛和大多数科学仪器来讲，它是不可见的。B3：它既不发光也不反射光。这意味着对于人类的眼睛和大多数科学仪器来讲，它是不可见的。B4：Thesurveyresultsseemtoindicateaconnectionbetweenpoorhousingconditionsandbadhealth.B5：Thischemicalisusedtokeepfabricstiffandfreeofcreases.PartIIIClozeTestSectionA（完型填空5分）13C14B15D16B17C18A19D20B21C22ASectionB（把括号中的动词改成适当形式，字数不限。10分）PartIVReadingComprehensionC1causeC2infectedC3demonstratedC4wantingC5organizedC6obtainedC7releaseC8usedC9permittingC10ShroudingPARTVReadingComprehension阅读理解（Passage1每题1分，其余每题2分。共35分）Passage123B24B25A  Passage226D27C28B29A Passage330C31D32B33C Passage434B35C36B37C Passage538E39G40B41D PartVCompositionWriting（作文）20分略录音材料ScriptsforlisteningcomprehensionPartIListeningComprehensionSectionASpotDictationDirections：Inthissection,youwillhearashortpassagetwice.Whilelistening,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.PleasewriteyouranswersonyourAnswerSheet.Imagineputtingaseedinarefrigerator,waiting30,000years,andthentakingtheseedoutandplantingit.Canyouimagineaflowerwouldgrow?Amazingly,scientistshavejustsucceededindoingsomethingverysimilar.TheyfoundthefruitofanancientplantthathadbeenfrozenundergroundinSiberiaforabout31,800years.Usingpiecesofthefruit,thescientistsgrewplantsinalab.Thenewbloomshavesmallwhitepetals.Theyarealsotheoldestfloweringplantsresearchershaveeverrevivedfromadeepfreeze.It’simportantforscientiststoknowthatplanttissuescanstillbebroughtbacktolifeafterbeingfrozenforalongtime.That’sbecausemanyresearchersaretryingtopreservetheseedsofmodernplantsbyfreezingthemandthenstoringthemingiantlockersatvariousspotsaroundtheglobe.Nooneknowshowlongfrozenseedsareviablefor,butfreezingisbasicallytheformatforallseedconservationattemptsnowadays.It’sagoodthingthatatleastsomeplantsaretoughenoughtosurvivetheordeal.SectionBShortDialoguesDirections：Inthissection,youwillhear6shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversationaquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Eachconversationandquestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ThenyoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritedownthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.1.W:I'mcallingtogetmoreinformationaboutyourprogram.Forinstance,whatkindofcoursesdoyouprovide?M:Well,firstofall,thepurposeofourprogramistoprovidelanguagelearningopportunities,whetherastudent'sgoalistomasterbasicfunctionallanguageskills,let'ssay,forhisorherjob,ortostudyintensivelytoenteraU.S.collegeoruniversity.Q:Whichorganizationisthewomanphoning?2.W:Ah...Arepetspermittedtokeepintheapartment?W:Well,youcankeepsmallpetslikeahamsterinasmallcage,butwedon'tallowlargeranimalslikedogs,cats,orsnakes.Thingslikethat.Q:Whatkindofpetisallowedtokeepintheapartment?3.M：Hi.Uh,haven'twemetbefore?Youlooksofamiliar.W:Yeah.Wemetoncampuslastweekandyouaskedmethesamequestion.Q:Wheredidthemanandwomanfirstmeet?4.M:Hey,listen.I'mgettingtogetherwithLisaandPaultonight,andafewofourotherfriendswilljoinus.And,we're...well,we'regoingouttoeatandthencatchamovie.Whydon'tyoucomewithus?W:I'dloveto,butIhavetocramforatesttomorrowmorning.Q:Whycan’tthewomangowiththem?5.W:What’sthenatureofyourproblem?M:Well,totellthetruth,Ifellfromaladdertwodaysagowhilepaintingmyhouse,andIsprainedmyanklewhenmyfootlandedinapaintcan.Isufferedafewscratchesonmyhandsandknees,butI'mmostconcernedthattheswellinginmyanklehasn'tgonedownyet.Q:What’stheman’sproblem?6.W:Oh,uh…youraddressandtelephonenumber?MIt's1560South19East,andthephonenumberis950-8177.Q:Whatistheman’stelephonenumber?SectionCShortPassagesDirections：Inthissectionyouwillheartwoshortpassages.Attheendofeachpassageyouwillhearthreequestions.Boththepassagesandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.AfteryouhearaquestionyoumustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ThenwritedownthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Passage1Anewstudysuggeststhatearlyexposuretogermsstrengthenstheimmunesystem.Thatmeanslettingyourchildrengetalittledirtymightbegoodfortheirhealthlaterinlife.Thestudyinvolvedlaboratorymice.Itfoundthatadultmicethatareraisedinagerm-freeenvironmentweremorelikelytodevelopallergiesandotherautoimmunedisorders.Therearemorethaneightydisorderswherecellsthatnormallydefendthebodyinsteadattacktissuesandorgans.RichardBlumberg,aprofessoratHarvardMedicalSchoolinBoston,Massachusetts,saysmedicalresearcherstriedtoexplainthesediseaseswithwhattheycalledthe"