人体正常结构-消化系统

Splanchnology内脏学夏青人体解剖学教研室天津医学高等专科学校Composition:Digestivesystem消化系统Respiratorysystem呼吸系统Urinarysystem泌尿系统Reproductivesystem生殖系统DigestiveSystem消化系统Composition消化系统组成Digestivetract消化管Mouth口腔Pharynx咽Esophagus食管Stomach胃Smallintestine小肠Largeintestine大肠Duodenum十二指肠Jejunum空肠Ileum回肠Digestivegland消化腺：大消化腺，小消化腺Superiordigestivetube上消化道Inferiordigestivetube下消化道Majorsalivaryglands大唾液腺Liver肝Pancreas胰Function:ingestion,digestion,absorption,egestingMouthPharynxEsophagusStomachDuodenumJejunumIleumLargeintestineLiverPancreasMajorsalivaryglandsReferencelinesofthorax胸部标志线Anteriormedianline前正中线Midclavicularline锁骨中线Midaxillaryline腋中线Scapularline肩胛线Posteriormedianline后正中线腋中线肩胛线后正中线Theabdominalregions腹部分区Nineregions九区法Fourquadrants四区法Fourquadrants四区法TheEsophagus食管Generalfeatures位置及形态amusculartuberabout25cmlong,connectingthepharynxatlevelofC6vertebra,atlevelofT11vertebraentersthestomach.Division:Cervicalpart颈部Thoracicpart胸部Abdominalpart腹部Threeconstrictions食管3个狭窄第一狭窄：起始部Atitsbeginning,15cmfromincisors,liesatlevelofC6,isthenarrowestpartoftheesophagus第二狭窄：与左主支气管交叉处Whereitiscrossedbyleftmainbronchus,25cmfromincisors,liesatlevelofintervertebraldiscbetweenT4andT5.第三狭窄：穿膈处Whereitpassesthroughtheesophagealhiatusofdiaphragm,40cmfromincisors,atlevelofT10TheStomach胃Shape形态、分部Twosurface两壁:anterior前壁andposterior后壁.Twocurvatures两缘Lessercurvature胃小弯:short,concaveanddirectedtotherightandupward,Greatercurvature胃大弯:long,convexanddirectedtotheleftanddownward.Twoopenings两口Cardia贲门Pylorus幽门Fourparts四部Cardiacpart贲门部Fundusofstomach胃底Bodyofstomach胃体Pyloricpart幽门部Pyloricantrum幽门窦Pyloriccanal幽门管Cardiacpart贲门部Fundusofstomach胃底Bodyofstomach胃体Pyloricantrum幽门窦Pyloriccanal幽门管Pyloricpart幽门部Position胃的位置－Mainlypartsissituatedinthelefthypochondriacregion左季肋区,smallintheepigastricregion腹上区;TheSmallIntestine小肠About5-7mlong,DividedintoDuodenum十二指肠Jejunum空肠Ileum回肠DuodenumJejunumIleumDuodenum十二指肠FourpartsSuperiorpart上部Duodenalcap十二指肠球Superiorduodednalflexure十二指肠上曲Descendingpart降部Majorduodenalpapilla十二指肠大乳头Minorduodenalpapilla十二指肠小乳头Inferiorduodenalflexure十二指肠下曲Horizontalpart水平部Ascendingpart升部duodenojejunalflexure十二指肠空肠曲十二指肠悬韧带(ligamentofTreitz),asurgicallandmark,descendsfromtherightcrusofdiaphragmtoduodenaltermination.Jejunum空肠andileum回肠Jejunumandileum空肠，回肠区别AggregatedSolitaryLymphaticfollicles淋巴滤泡PalerpinkDeeperredColour颜色LessGreaterVascularity血管分部Fewer，smallerLarger,numerousCircularfolds环状襞ThinThickerWall管壁LessGreaterDiameter管径Lower3/5Upper2/5Position位置Ileum回肠Jejunum空肠Characteristic特点LargeIntestine大肠Approximately1.5mlong,Fiveparts:Cecum盲肠Vermiformappendix阑尾Colon结肠Rectum直肠Canal肛管LargeIntestine大肠FeaturesColicbands结肠带Haustraofcolon结肠袋Epiploicappendices肠脂垂Cecum盲肠Blindsac,firstpartoflargeintestine,withlargestdiameterandthinnestwallLiesinrightiliacfossaTheiliumentersthececumobliquely,andpartiallyinvaginatesintoit,formingtheileocecalvalve－consistsoftwofolds,probablydelaysflowofilealcontentsintolargeintestineVermiformappendix阑尾位于右髂窝，长约6-8cm。阑尾根部体 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 投影（MacBurney麦氏点)右髂前上棘与脐连线的中、外1/3交点处。Surfacemarkingofthebaseisattheso-calledMcBurney’spointwhichisatjunctionoflateralandmiddlethirdsoflinejoiningrightanteriorsuperioriliacspineandumbilicusColon结肠Ascendingcolon升结肠rightcolicflexure结肠右曲Transversecolon横结肠leftcolicflexureDescendingcolon降结肠descendsalmostverticallyfromleftcolicflexuretosigmoidcolonatleftiliaccrest.Sigmoidcolon乙状结肠－extendsfromdescendingcolontorectumatlevelofS3.Rectum直肠Position:withinpelviccavity,extendsfromS3topelvicdiaphragm.Curves两个弯曲：SagittalplaneSacralflexure直肠骶曲convexbackwardPerinealflexure直肠会阴曲convexforward.骶曲会阴曲肝Liver概述Introduction肝的功能:合成分泌胆汁；参与物质代谢,蛋白质、脂肪和糖；代谢解毒，药物、激素转化分解；吞噬及免疫防御；一、肝的形态肝呈不规则的楔形，分膈面、脏面和上下缘。（一）膈面DiaphragmaticSurfaceRightLobeofLiver肝右叶LeftLobeofLiver肝左叶镰状韧带肝圆韧带肝圆韧带裂左侧纵沟静脉韧带裂“H”沟横沟：肝门、肝蒂胆囊窝右侧纵沟腔静脉沟分叶:左叶、右叶、方叶、尾状叶肝的位置和毗邻（二）脏面VisceralSurface右叶肝门肝固有动脉肝左、右管肝门静脉肝圆韧带裂静脉韧带胆囊下腔静脉左叶方叶尾状叶下缘三、肝的体表投影肝的上界与膈的穹窿一致，肝最高点。在右侧相当于右锁骨中线与第五肋的交点处。在左侧相当于左锁骨中线与第五肋间隙的交点处，肝的下界，右侧大致与右肋弓一致，在腹上区可达剑突下３－５ｃｍ。胆囊　gallbladder形态位置分部底、体、颈、管胆囊底体表投影胆囊三角(Calot三角)输胆管道BileDuct包括肝左管、肝右管、肝总管、胆囊Gallbladder与胆总管。肝左管肝右管CommonHepaticDuct肝总管Gallbladder胆囊Cysticduct胆囊管CommonBileDuct胆总管FundusofGallbladder胆囊底BodyofGallbladder胆囊体NeckofGallbladder胆囊颈HepatopancreaticAmpulla肝胰壶腹胆汁排泄途径平时　肝　肝左管、肝右管　肝总管　胆囊管　胆囊进食　胆囊　　　　　　胆囊管　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　胆总管　肝胰壶腹　　肝　肝左管、肝右管　肝总管　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　十二指肠大乳头　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　十二指肠小结肝的形态肝的位置肝的体表投影肝外管道第八节胰Pancreas2.胰分胰头、胰体、胰尾BodyofPancreas胰头Bodyofpancreas胰体TailofPancreas胰尾PancreaticDuct胰管肝胰壶腹1.胰的位置和毗邻Theperitoneum腹膜腹膜peritoneum壁腹膜parietalperitoneum脏腹膜visceralperitoneum腹膜腔peritonealcavity腹膜的功能概述腹膜与腹盆腔脏器的关系腹膜内位器官腹膜间位器官腹膜外位器官网膜omentum小网膜lesseromentum大网膜greateromentum网膜囊网膜孔omentalforamenomentalbursa腹膜形成的结构系膜肠系膜mesentery阑尾系膜mesoappendix横结肠系膜transversemesocolon乙状结肠系膜sigmoidmesocolon韧带ligament肝的韧带胃的韧带脾的韧带Pouches陷凹Inmale－rectovesicalpouch直肠膀胱陷窝InfemaleRectouterinepouch直肠子宫陷窝－betweenrectumanduterusVesicouterinepouch膀胱子宫陷窝－betweenbladderanduterus