静雅思听

静雅思听 智慧声音 Page 1 of 33 www.justing.com.cn 本节目的英文部分由 www.quickanddirtytips.com提供，静雅思听制作出品 快乐 知识 智慧， 尽在静雅思听 西方礼仪英语系列 3：客居之道 Hello, and welcome to the Modern Manners Guy’s Quick and Dirty Tips for a More Polite Life. Today’s Topic: Houseguests. When you stay in another person’s home, or have guests stay with you, the situation can present many opportunities for awkwardness or misunderstanding, so here are a few tips to help make your stay or your guests’ visit a more pleasant experience. When staying at someone’s house, be sure to bring a small gift for your hosts. It can also be a good idea to take your hosts out for a meal during your stay if the opportunity presents itself. While you are a guest, try to store your clothes, luggage and toiletries away as neatly as possible. Make your bed, and re-store a folding bed unless instructed to do otherwise by your hosts, and strip the bed, fold up blankets and tidy up the room after your last night. During meals, you should offer to help in the preparation, and certainly help clear away dishes after the meal. Note that cleaning etiquette may be different if there are household staff, in which case you should let them go about their normal activities. In general, you should offer to help with household chores and pitch in whenever possible. Bring your own toiletries with you; your hosts should provide you with sheets and towels, but if you are going to be at the beach you may want to bring your own beach towels. Clarify the length of your stay in advance, and try not to overstay your welcome. Bring enough clean clothing to last your stay, unless you have been specifically invited to use the laundry. A weekend is a reasonable period to stay, unless your host is a close friend or family member, or you have had to travel overseas to visit. Remember that even if your host has told you a longer stay is fine, you should still try to limit your visit unless your host absolutely and repeatedly insists. After your stay, be sure to send your hosts a thank you note and highlight some of the parts of your stay you enjoyed most. If you are hosting visitors, you may want to gently set some expectations about the length of your guests’ stay in advance. Simply be clear in the invitation (“We would love it if you could come for the weekend.”) or inquire how long your guests’ intend stay if it is unclear. Make up your guests’ room or sleeping area with fresh linens and provide fresh towels and a fresh bar of soap. Make sure that the area your guests will be using is clean, including mattress pads, comforters, and pillow ticking. Try to make things as clear for your guests as possible by pointing out any closet or storage space they may use, which bathroom is for them, etc. Provide 静雅思听 智慧声音 Page 2 of 33 www.justing.com.cn 本节目的英文部分由 www.quickanddirtytips.com提供，静雅思听制作出品 快乐 知识 智慧， 尽在静雅思听 your guests with some hangers, and have extra toiletries on-hand in case they are needed. Have a nightlight on-hand so your guests can find their way around after dark, and provide them with an alarm clock and some reading material. Give your guests as much autonomy in their space as possible, so they may feel at home and have a sense there is a place they can go if they desire to be alone. Let your guests know where things are in the kitchen, and also set expectations about which meals you plan to share. Make it clear to your guests that they should feel comfortable making their own coffee and breakfast in the morning, and of course offer if they haven’t helped themselves. If guests have pets that you don’t want to have in your home, it is perfectly polite to tell them so in advance. It is also completely appropriate to inform guests that smoking is not permitted in the house. It is nice to have some information handy (maps, guides, etc.) about local activities, and you may want to jot down a list of good restaurants nearby, local transportation, museums, and so on. Give your guests an idea of the daily schedule, and leave them some free time for activities on their own. In general, the most successful houseguest situations result from both parties making a strong effort; when hosts offer extra kindness to their guests and guests try to be as helpful and undemanding as possible. So here’s hoping you have a wonderful visit, and thank you for listening to quick and dirty tips for a more polite life. 西方礼仪英语系列 3：客居之道 当你要住在别人的房间时，或与客人同住的时候，可能会带来很多的尴尬与误会，本文将帮 助将你或朋友的借住变成一段美好的经历。 当你需要在别人那暂住时，一定记得要给主人带个小礼物。如果有机会，在你借住期间请朋 友外出吃一顿饭也是个很好的主意。 当你借助他人房间之时，尽可能将你的衣物、行李与洗漱用品摆放整齐。除非你的主人叮嘱 你另有安排，你一定要整理好自己的床与卧具，剥去被套、叠好毯子、打扫好房间。 进餐时，你应该帮助做一些准备工作，饭后帮着洗碗。如果主人家有家政人员，他们可能有 不同的清洁方式，这时你就不用介入过多了。总之在人家多点眼力件，帮着干点家务活。 请自带洗漱用户。你的主人也许会提供床单与毛巾给你，不过如果你要去海滩的话，你最好 自带海滩毛巾。事先让主人清楚你会住多久，别滥用主人的好客。除非主人明确告之，你可 以用他们的洗衣机，否则你带足干净的衣服，够你穿到离开的那一天。 周末你最好呆在自己家里，除非你的主人是你的密友或亲戚，或你是跨国来拜访主人的。记 住即使你的主人跟你说，多呆些日子无妨，除非他的确是非常肯定并反复强调，你还是最好 限制你寄居的日子。 静雅思听 智慧声音 Page 3 of 33 www.justing.com.cn 本节目的英文部分由 www.quickanddirtytips.com提供，静雅思听制作出品 快乐 知识 智慧， 尽在静雅思听 等你离开之时，一定记得给主人一封感谢信，并强调在你居住期间主人的哪些款待或事情让 你非常感动。 如果你是款待客人的主人，你会希望对客人可能逗留的时间有一个预估。你可以在邀请时表 明“我非常欢迎你来我这里度周末”，或在情况不明之时直接问客人想在这里呆多久。 作为主人，事先收拾一下客人的房间，给客人提供新的卧具与毛巾，还有香皂，确保客人的 区域是干净，包括床垫、盖被与枕套。清楚地告诉客人哪些柜子及储物空间还有卫生间，客 人是可以使用的。再提供一些挂衣物的架子，额外的洗漱用户以备不时之需。为客人准备好 触手可及的夜灯以便晚上能看清路，再提供个闹钟及一些床头读物。在客人的空间中给他最 大的自由，在独处的空间里有宾至如归的感觉。 如果你不想客人的宠物进入你的房间，你完全可以事先告之。如果你告诉客人房间里禁止吸 烟，这也是完全正常合理的。 给客人提供一些当地活动的信息指南也是非常好的，你可以为客人手写个清单，告诉他附近 有哪些餐馆、交通设施或博物馆之类的信息。你也可以告诉他们一些日程，让他们留出时间 自行其便。 总之，借助期间良好的感觉是双方努力的结果。做主人的殷勤好客，做客人的尽可能乐于相 助且知足常乐。 那么祝你有一个非常美妙的访客经历，感谢你收听狗皮膏药一帖灵之礼仪生活。 静雅思听 智慧声音 Page 4 of 33 www.justing.com.cn 本节目的英文部分由 www.quickanddirtytips.com提供，静雅思听制作出品 快乐 知识 智慧， 尽在静雅思听 西方礼仪英语系列 4：来宾名单 Today’s Topic: Building a Guest List. When you are building a guest list, many of the same principles apply whether it is for a wedding or a dinner party. Of course, there are some special considerations for major lifetime events, so here are a few pointers to help when sending out invitations. If you are hosting an event, it is generally your prerogative to decide whom to invite. This is not to say that you should ever use an invitation as a way to make someone feel left out or to be hurtful, but rather that it is your choice to invite the people whom you would like to attend. For weddings, you will generally have to invite immediate family and should want to invite your closest friends. Beyond that, you should feel comfortable exercising discretion in whom you invite. Of course, there are always situations where a parent or close friend wishes you to invite someone you would rather not have on your list, and here you must weigh the hurt feelings of your close family member against your desires for having only a select crowd around you on your special day. It used to be possible to invite guests to the ceremony and not to the reception, but these days it is often perceived as an insult. It is important to discuss and negotiate the guest list with an open mind, and to remind everyone that it is only possible to invite a limited number of guests. For other occasions, it can be easier to build your guest list. For dinner parties, invite people whom you like, but also consider how your guests will interact. You might want to invite your cattle rancher friend on a separate night from your cousin the vegan animal rights activist, unless you know that they will be able to talk and debate with an open spirit (in which case they might enjoy the discussion). There is absolutely nothing wrong with bringing together people who have different viewpoints; in fact, this can make the gathering interesting and lively. What you want to avoid is making your guests uncomfortable. When dealing with a rift between friends or family, there are a couple of approaches you may take. If you want to invite the quarreling parties, then let them know about the guest list in advance, and give them the chance to decide if they would prefer not to come. You may also simply alternate between the squabbling pair and maintain harmony that way. If you feel that you must invite people because of a social obligation, then mix them in with a larger group. But if you truly do not wish to engage with an individual or couple on a social level, then it may be more sincere to stop inviting them over. As far as friends with children go, you should be clear about the invitation. There is nothing wrong with having an adults-only dinner, as long as you make it clear to your guests in advance and give them ample time to find a babysitter. For large events like weddings, it is also the bride and groom’s prerogative to decide if they do or do not want children to attend. It is fine to invite 静雅思听 智慧声音 Page 5 of 33 www.justing.com.cn 本节目的英文部分由 www.quickanddirtytips.com提供，静雅思听制作出品 快乐 知识 智慧， 尽在静雅思听 children to the ceremony but not the reception, but again make certain that this is clear in advance. You may make it clear by stating something like, “children twelve and over are welcome to attend.” You may want to provide some information about reputable childcare in the vicinity, and of course the best option (if your budget allows) could be to provide childcare at or near the event, so parents can enjoy the event without worry. When deciding whether to invite friends from work to a wedding, again remember that it is your special day. You might decide just to invite one or two friends and leave it at that. If you think inviting your boss would lessen your enjoyment of the day, then don’t invite him or her. It may get awkward if you invite everyone else from the office, so use your judgment but remember that the day is for you, your spouse, and close family and friends; there are plenty of other times to think about your career. So here’s hoping you are surrounded by friends, family, and interesting and unusual people at your table, and thank you for listening to quick and dirty tips for a more polite life. 西方礼仪英语系列 4：来宾名单 当你在列客人的清单时，无论是为了一个婚礼还是一个晚餐会，都有很多共同的原则。当然 对一些大的活动会有一些特殊的考虑，在你发出邀请函时，建议你考虑以下几点。 如果是你发起组织一个活动，你当然有特权来决定谁来参加。这并不是说你可以将邀请作为 排挤与伤害某些人的手段，只是说你有权选择你喜欢的人来参加活动。 对于婚礼而言，你自然要邀请直系亲属及密友。除此之处你就可以比较自由地选择谁来参加。 当然有时也会发生这样的情况，一方的父母或密友希望邀请的人不是你本人所欢迎的，这时 你就要权衡一下，是让你的亲属感觉受伤还是满足你在这个特殊的日子里，只想将来宾限制 在一个有选择的小圈子之内的愿望。以前遇到这样的情况，往往可以只邀请来参加仪式，但 不参加宴会，但现在人们觉得这是一种失礼与冒犯。很重要的是要以一种开放的心态与大家 讨论与协商来宾的名单，然后提醒大家，毕竟能邀请的来宾数量是有限的。 而在一些其它的场合，有时这个邀请名单很好列。例如晚餐会，你就可以邀请你喜欢的人参 加，不过也要考虑客人之间的交流情况。当你今天邀请农场主来的时候，也许你就该将主张 动物保护、信奉素食主义的表兄安排到另一天来，除非你相信他们能够以一种开放的心态来 讨论他们的分歧，（如果真是如此，他们会喜欢这样的讨论）。将有不同观点的人安排到一起 并没有什么错，事实上，这会让取舍变得有趣生动。你要避免的只是他们在一起不要感觉不 舒服。 在处理家人与朋友之间的矛盾时，有以下一些办法可供参考。当你准备邀请的两方有点矛盾 时，让他们事先知道你会邀请谁，给他们机会决定是否参加或不参加。你也可以让有矛盾的 两方交替来，从而保持和谐。 如果出于某种社交要求一定要邀请两方都参加，那么将他们混在一个大的团体中。不过如果 在某种场合你真是希望避开某个人或某对夫妇，那你还是不邀请他们来为妙。 对于那些有孩子的朋友，有一点你一定要明白，你要求只有成人参加并没有什么过错，只要 你事先清楚地声明这一点，并给你的朋友留出足够的时间去找一个看护孩子的人。象婚礼这 样的重要活动，新郎与新娘是有权决定是否欢迎宾客带孩子来参加的。只让孩子来参加仪式 而不参加宴会也没有问题，只要你事先请清楚。你可以用这样的话来声明，“12岁以上的孩 静雅思听 智慧声音 Page 6 of 33 www.justing.com.cn 本节目的英文部分由 www.quickanddirtytips.com提供，静雅思听制作出品 快乐 知识 智慧， 尽在静雅思听 子欢迎来参加”。你还可能提供信息，附近哪里有可靠的托儿服务，当然如果预算允许的话， 最好的方法还是就近提供托儿服务，这样他们的父母可以放心地来参加你的活动。 在决定是否邀请同事来参加你的婚礼的时候，一样记住这是你特殊的日子。你可以邀请一两 个同事中的好朋友就可以了。如果你认为邀请你的老板来会让你觉得拘束，那就别请他。如 果你将办公室所有的人都请来了，倒是有点别扭。这事你完全可以自己定，记住这是你与你 伴侣及家人密友的特殊日子，你有的是其它时间来照顾你的事业。 好，祝你在特殊的日子里，你能与你的家人、朋友及有趣各异的朋友们欢聚一堂，感谢您收 听狗皮膏药一帖灵之礼仪生活。 静雅思听 智慧声音 Page 7 of 33 www.justing.com.cn 本节目的英文部分由 www.quickanddirtytips.com提供，静雅思听制作出品 快乐 知识 智慧， 尽在静雅思听 西方礼仪英语系列 5：餐桌礼仪 Hello, and welcome to the Modern Manners Guy’s Quick and Dirty Tips for a More Polite Life. By popular demand, we'll focus this episode on a few aspects of table manners. One of the most important aspects of table manners is simply being aware of your fellow diners. Formal manners suggest that men should help women into their seats and wait for the hostess to be seated before sitting. In modern and casual settings, help others who need it or who would appreciate the gesture, and wait for other diners to start taking their seats before sitting down yourself. Once you are seated, open your dinner napkin unobtrusively and place it on your lap, folded in half. Should you need to get up from the table at any point, excuse yourself and place your napkin on your seat. If there is bread on the table, offer it to others before taking some yourself. If there are bread plates, place one roll or slice of bread on your plate. Place some butter on your bread plate from the serving dish. Break off a small, bite-size piece of bread with your fingers, and use your butter knife (or regular knife if no butter knife is provided) to butter just that piece. When dinner is served, wait for the hosts to begin before eating, unless you are told to start first. If someone asks for the salt (or pepper) it is best to pass them both together. If you wish to refill your wine or water glass (and servers are not performing this function) be certain to fill the glasses of those seated near you first. Don't lean across others to get dishes or bottles – ask for them to be passed. If platters are passed for self-service, don't take an excessive amount of food; you may have the chance for a second helping later on in the meal. Flatware is generally used from the outside in, if you are unsure about which fork or knife to use. When eating, most food is cut with a knife (not a fork). Only cut one bite at a time – do not cut up all of your food before eating. Remember to bring the food up to your mouth; don't hunch over to eat. Chew with your mouth closed, and never speak with food in your mouth. If someone asks you a question while your mouth is full, indicate that you will need a moment, and chew and swallow before answering. Wait for everyone at the table to finish eating before clearing dishes. Do not stack plates or scrape food at the table, but rather take them away one or two at a time. When you get up to leave the table, place your napkin neatly on the table, and help others up who need it. So here's wishing you a polite and pleasant meal, and thank you for listening to quick and dirty tips for a more polite life. 西方礼仪英语系列 5：餐桌礼仪 应大家的要求，这一集我们讲讲餐桌上的礼仪。 静雅思听 智慧声音 Page 8 of 33 www.justing.com.cn 本节目的英文部分由 www.quickanddirtytips.com提供，静雅思听制作出品 快乐 知识 智慧， 尽在静雅思听 餐桌礼仪最重要的一个方面就是你要关注到餐桌上其它人的存在。正式的礼节是，男士应该 帮助女士就座，并在女主人之后就座。在现代正式的场合，帮助所有需要帮助的人就座，在 所有的人都坐下后你才就座。你坐下后，用不引人注目的方式将桌上的餐巾对折放在膝盖部 位。如果你有事需要站起来离开位置，你需要说对不起，然后将餐巾放在你的座位上。 如果桌上有面包，先人后已地取用。如果桌上有面包盘，那就用你的盘子取用面包。取用黄 油也应从公共盘子取到自己的面包盘。用你的手掰下一口大小的面包，用你的黄油刀取用适 量的黄油。当是别人请客时，等主人动筷子了你再吃，除非他明确告诉你先吃。 如果有人需要盐或胡椒，你最好一起提供给他们。如果你需要添葡萄酒或水，而服务员并不 提供这样的服务，你一定要先给邻座的人先满上。不要斜着身子绕过他人去拿取盘子或瓶子， 请别人递给你。如果是自助式的，注意别取用太多的食物。你完全可以过一会再去取。 如果你不是很肯定用哪个刀叉，餐具的取用顺序一般是由外到内。吃东西时，用刀而非叉子 来切食物。随吃随切，不要在吃之前将所有的食物切碎了。记着将食物送到嘴边来吃，而不 是俯下身子去吃。闭嘴咀嚼食物，嘴里塞满东西的时候别说话。如果这时有人问你问题时， 提示他等会，将东西咽下后再说话。 在人们没有吃完前不要收拾盘子。别在桌子上直接堆叠盘子或打扫食物，一次拿走一两个盘 子更恰当。在你起身离座时，将你的餐巾整齐地摆在桌边，并在需要时帮助他人离座。 祝你吃得礼貌而开心，感谢您收听狗皮膏药一帖灵之礼仪生活。 静雅思听 智慧声音 Page 9 of 33 www.justing.com.cn 本节目的英文部分由 www.quickanddirtytips.com提供，静雅思听制作出品 快乐 知识 智慧， 尽在静雅思听 西方礼仪英语系列 6：卫生间礼仪 Hello, and welcome to the Modern Manners Guy’s Quick and Dirty Tips for a More Polite Life. Today's topic is bathroom etiquette, and we'll begin today with public bathrooms. If you are in a dining establishment and need to use the lavatory, try to wait for a good moment (say, just after ordering) to excuse yourself so your fellow diners don't feel awkward waiting for you if the food arrives. Some restaurants have separate men's and women's bathrooms, while others have coed restrooms. If you are using a coed bathroom (especially if you are a man) remember that others will have to use the toilet after you. Men, make sure to lift the toilet seat before urinating; if you are concerned about the sanitary conditions, you can use your foot to gently lift the side of the toilet seat up or down. You also may use some toilet paper, tissues or paper towels to move the seat. And men should lower the seat after they are finished. If there are separate men's and women's restrooms, then I think men should feel comfortable leaving the seat up when the restroom is busy and stalls must be used as urinals. For public restrooms where an attendant is present (less common in the US these days, but still seen in some fancier establishments), the attendant will hand you a towel after you wash your hands, and may also start and stop the water for you. There will usually be gum, mints, and hair gel available, which you may use. It is customary to tip the attendant if they have provided some service or supply; usually a dollar. In some countries, many public restrooms have attendants and it is customary to leave a small tip in the tip dish. When using the bathroom in someone's home, be certain to leave the bathroom as clean as you found it. Put the toilet seat and cover down when you are done, and pull the door all but shut when you leave. If you've left the bathroom a bit smelly, you should make sure to use the fan or crack a window (if reasonably possible) to air things out a bit. If there is air freshener present and you wish to use it, use only a small amount. A candle or match (if available) may also help to dissipate odors. And remember, when it comes to the debate between men and women about whether to leave the toilet seat up or down, the answer for everyone is to leave both the toiled seat and cover down. While it goes without saying that you should wash your hands after using the bathroom, it can sometimes be confusing which towel you should use when at a private home. It is a good measure to have a set of small guest towels available for visitors to your home. Cloth guest towels are nicer, although they can sometimes be confusing for the users. If you have cloth guest towels, you should have a receptacle (different from the garbage) for used towels. If you think your guests might be confused, you might leave one used towel in the receptacle to clue them in. You may also use paper guest towels, which are just thrown away after use. If you are a guest and there are no guest towels, then use the hand towel nearest to the sink. So here's hoping you always find an impeccably clean bathroom wherever you go, and thank you 静雅思听 智慧声音 Page 10 of 33 www.justing.com.cn 本节目的英文部分由 www.quickanddirtytips.com提供，静雅思听制作出品 快乐 知识 智慧， 尽在静雅思听 for listening to quick and dirty tips for a more polite life. 西方礼仪英语系列 6：卫生间礼仪 今天我们讲讲卫生间礼仪，先从公共卫生间讲起。 如果你是在餐馆进餐，想上卫生间，最好选个合适的时机去，如刚点完菜，这样可以避免出 现那种，菜都上来了而同桌的人都不得不等你的尴尬局面。有的餐馆提供男女分开的卫生间， 而有的只提供共用的。碰到那种共用卫生间的情况，尤其你又是一位男士时，记住你如厕后 还有别人要使用。男士在小便前一定要将坐便圈抬起。如果你比较在意卫生，你可以用脚轻 轻将坐便圈抬起。你也可以用卫生约、纸巾或手巾去抬坐便圈。小便完男士应该将坐便圈放 下。对于那种男女分开的卫生间，如果人挺多，而且隔间主要是用于小便的，男士则可以在 小便后将坐便圈保持立起的状态。 在那种有服务生的公共卫生间（现在在美国已经不常见了，但在有些讲排场的地方还是有 的），服务生会在你洗完手后给你递上毛巾，有时甚至会为你开关水龙头。有时还会备上口 香糖、薄荷糖及发胶供你使用。如果服务生为你提供了服务，通常给上一美元左右的小费。 在有些国家，公共卫生间一般都有服务生，通常你需要在离开前给点小费。 如果你使用人家家里的卫生间，一定在使用完后让其干净如初。如厕后放下坐便圈与马桶盖， 并且关好厕所门。如果你如厕后味道较重，可以用排气扇或窗户放放味，如果可能的话。如 果手边上有空气清新剂，你可以用，但别喷多了。一个蜡烛或火柴也都能帮着冲淡味道。记 着，就坐便圈是否该立起还是放下的问题，一旦涉及有男有女的情况，唯一正确的 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 就是 将坐便圈与马桶盖都盖上。 如厕之后应该洗手这本不必说，但有时在别人家里用哪个毛巾擦手倒是个问题。主人为访客 准备一些小的毛巾是一个不错的主意。给客人准备了毛巾当然好，但有时也会给客人带来困 惑，你应该为客人准备一个放用过毛巾的容器，但要区别于垃圾箱。如果你担心客人会不明 白，你可以事先放一个用过的毛巾在其中用以提示他们。你也可以为客人提供那种用过就扔 的纸巾。如果你是客人又没有发现客用的毛巾，你就用离水槽最近的那个。 好，祝你去哪都能碰上那种一尘不染的干净卫生间，感谢您收听狗皮膏药一帖灵之礼仪生活。 静雅思听 智慧声音 Page 11 of 33 www.justing.com.cn 本节目的英文部分由 www.quickanddirtytips.com提供，静雅思听制作出品 快乐 知识 智慧， 尽在静雅思听 西方礼仪英语系列 7：文明驾车 Hello, and welcome to the Modern Manners Guy’s Quick and Dirty Tips for a More Polite Life. Our cars are often one of those instigators of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde behavior. Sometimes perfectly lovely people become absolute monsters wh