英汉互译-英译汉练习

【1】星期天，我在家有些闲空时，常常站在窗前看看街上的行人。兴高采烈的孩子们手挽着手走着，红领巾随风飘摆。看到他们我就想起我童年的一段苦难经历。我出生在X国。我刚刚学走路就突然得了小儿麻痹症，双腿失去了知觉。父母卖了家里的几件东西把我送进医院，希望能治好我的病。但是治疗无效。大夫宣称我要终身残废。 【2】我幼小的时候，母亲背着我。但是等我渐渐长大了，我对自己的不幸越来越感到难过。不知多少次我对母亲说：“妈妈，我要走路，让我站起来吧。”这使我母亲十分伤心。虽然我还小，可是我老是想：“要是能走路，那该多快活，那怕走一次，甚至一步也好。 【3】当时这是我的唯一愿望。这个愿望真让我父母的心都碎了。我的父母根本没钱，可是仍然想办法把我送到每一家有名的医院。可是得到的回答到处都一样--我的病是治不好的。 【4】我的生活就是这样一年一年地熬着。但我始终没有放弃能治愈的希望。等我长大一点，我产生了一种想法--我是中国人，我的病准能在中国治好。我不断地要求父母带我回国。我十岁那年，全家回到了我日夜想念的祖国。当我被放在祖国的温暖的土地上，我的兴奋和喜悦是难以言表的。可我是个残废，不能在祖国的土地上站着。难以忍受的痛苦压在心头。 【5】不久我就被送往一家儿童医院。几位医生对我进行了彻底的检查。我记不得他们检查了多长时间。我用颤抖的声音对他们说：“治治我吧，让我站起来吧。”这时我脑海里浮现出一串串痛苦的回忆。我回忆起在X国几次被送到医院去的情景。检查完毕了。一位老医生笑着对我说：“我看你还能走路，最好你现在就住院吧。”我简直不能相信自己的耳朵。我有生以来第一次落下欢乐的眼泪。 【6】几天以后，我的腿动了手术。医生和护士就象照顾自己的女儿和妹妹一样照顾我。那位老医生每天来到我的床边问我感觉怎样，胃口好不好。又过了十几天，我的腿开始变得温暖起来。为了使我尽快地恢复功能，医院为我进行了中西医会诊。除了打针和吃药外，医生们还为我针灸和按摩。三个月后，我已能平稳地站在地上，但是仍不能迈步。护士们为我特制了一双鞋。她们帮我穿上，扶我站起来。几位年轻的护士每天不厌其烦地带我到花园，扶我练习走路。花园里百花盛开，阳光灿烂。每当来到这里，我的心里就说不出的高兴。一天，我突然觉得我的腿能独立走动，一步，又一步！我不由得高兴得喊出来：“我能走了，我的腿能走了。”从那天开始，我坚持独立行走。 【7】X国的医学很先进，但没能治好我的病。我在X国生活了十年也没能在该国的土地上走过一步。如今我已能在祖国的土地上阔步而行。是祖国的亲人使我获得了充满幸福和希望的生活。 【1】 On Sundays, when I have a few moments to spare, I often stand before the window to look at the people striding along the street. Joyous children walk arm in arm with their red scarves fluttering in the breeze. As I look at them, I reflect on (bring to mind, call to mind) the bitter experience of my childhood.I was born in country X. When I was just learning to walk, I was suddenly attacked with infantile paralysis (poliomyelitis, polio). My legs became benumbed. My parents sold some household goods (articles) to put (send) me to a hospital, hoping to see me stand on my feet again. But there was no sight (sign) of improvement. And in the end the doctors pronounced me a life-long cripple. 【2】When I was a baby, (my) mother carried me on her back. But when I grew older I became more oppressed with my misfortune (My misfortune weighed more heavily on my mind). I don’t know (remember) how many times I pained my mother by saying “Mama, I want to walk. Please make me stand on my feet.” Young as I was, I kept wondering “How happy I would be if I could walk, even once, even one step.” 【3】It was my only wish. Indeed it broke my parents’ hearts. My parents were by no means well-off, but they did everything in their power to take me to every known hospital. But the answer was the same everywhere--My case was incurable (Mine was an incurable case). 【4】Life dragged on like this for me year after year. But I never gave up the hope of being cured. When I grew older, I got an idea--Since I was a Chinese, my disease would surely be cured in China. I kept on asking my parents to bring me back to my (the) motherland. When I was ten years old, my family returned to my (the) motherland for which I had longed day and night. When I was placed on the soil of my (the) motherland, my joy and excitement were too great for words. Being a cripple (A cripple), I could not, however, stand on the tender (warm) soil of my (the) motherland. An unutterable grief gnawed at my heart. 【5】Very soon I was taken to a children’s hospital. Several doctors gave me (my legs) a thorough examination (examined me [my legs] thoroughly). I don’t remember how long they examined me (the examination lasted). I said to them in (with) a trembling voice: “Doctors, please cure my legs, make me stand on my feet.” At that moment a train of bitter memories of those days when I was taken to one hospital after another in country X came into my mind. After the examination, an old (an elderly, a veteran) doctor said with a smile: “I think you will be able to walk. You’d better stay in the hospital now.” I could hardly believe my ears. For the first time in my life, tears of joy rolled down my cheeks. 【6】Several days later my legs were operated on. The doctors and nurses looked after me as if I were their own daughter and sister. Every day the old (elderly, veteran) doctor came to my bedside and asked me how I felt and if I had a good appetite. After ten more days, (Another ten days had passed.) my (My) legs began to turn warm. In order to enable me to recover quickly, the hospital held a group consultation of doctors practicing traditional Chinese medicine and doctors practicing western medicine. In addition to injection and medicine, the doctors gave me acupuncture and massage treatments. Three months later, I could stand quite firmly on the ground, but I could not take any step forward. The nurses made a special pair of shoes for me. They helped me on with the shoes and brought me to my feet. Every day some young nurses showed the greatest patience in taking me to the garden and helping me practice walking. In the garden all kinds of flowers were in full bloom under the bright sun. My heart leapt with joy each time I came there. One day I suddenly felt my legs moving forward. One step and then another. I could not help crying for joy (I cried for joy in spite of myself): “I can walk. My legs are carrying me.” From then on I kept on practicing walking independently (by myself). 【7】My disease was not cured in country X although medical science was advanced in that country. I lived in country X for ten years. But I never took a step on its soil. Now I could stride on the soil of my motherland. It was the dear ones of my motherland that gave me a life of happiness and hope. 五四运动May 4 Movement 【1】文化革命是在观念形态上反映政治革命和经济革命，并为它们服务的。在中国，文化革命，和政治革命同样，有一个统一战线。 【1】A cultural revolution is the ideological reflection of the political and economic revolution and is in their service. In China there is a united front in the cultural as in the political revolution. 【2】这种文化革命的统一战线，二十年来，分为四个时期。第一个时期是一九一九年到一九二一年的两年，第二个时期是一九二一年到一九二七年的六年，第三个时期是一九二七年到一九三七年的十年，第四个时期是一九三七年到现在的三年。 【2】The history of the united front in the cultural revolution during the last twenty years can be divided into four periods. The first covers the two years from 1919 to 1921, the second the six years from 1921 to 1927, the third the ten years from 1927 to 1937, and the fourth the three years from 1937 to the present. 【3】第一个时期是一九一九年五四运动到一九二一年中国共产党成立。这一时期中以五四运动为主要的标志。 【3】The first period extended from the May 4th Movement of 1919 to the founding of the Chinese Communist Party in 1921. The May 4th Movement was its chief landmark.. 【4】五四运动是反帝国主义的运动，又是反封建的运动。五四运动的杰出的历史意义，在于它带着为辛亥革命还不曾有的姿态，这就是彻底地不妥协地反帝国主义和彻底地不妥协地反封建主义。五四运动所以具有这种性质，是在当时中国的资本主义经济已有进一步的发展，当时中国的革命知识分子眼见得俄、德、奥三大帝国主义国家已经瓦解，英、法两大帝国主义国家已经受伤，而俄国无产阶级已经建立了社会主义国家，德、奥（匈牙利）、意三国无产阶级在革命中，因而发生了中国民族解放的新希望。五四运动是在当时世界革命号召之下，是在俄国革命号召之下，是在列宁号召之下发生的。五四运动是当时无产阶级世界革命的一部分。五四运动时期虽然还没有中国共产党，但是已经有了大批的赞成俄国革命的具有初步共产主义思想的知识分子。 【4】The May 4th Movement was an anti-imperialist as well as an anti-feudal movement. Its outstanding historical significance is to be seen in a feature which was absent from the Revolution of 1911, namely, its thorough and uncompromising opposition to imperialism as well as to feudalism. The May 4th Movement possessed this quality because capitalism had developed a step further in China and because new hopes had arisen for the liberation of the Chinese nation as China's revolutionary intellectuals saw the collapse of three great imperialist powers, Russia, Germany and Austria-Hungary, and the weakening of two others, Britain and France, while the Russian proletariat had established a socialist state and the German, Hungarian and Italian proletariat had risen in revolution. The May 4th Movement came into being at the call of the world revolution, of the Russian Revolution and of Lenin. It was part of the world proletarian revolution of the time. Although the Communist Party had not yet come into existence, there were already large numbers of intellectuals who approved of the Russian Revolution and had the rudiments of Communist ideology. 【5】五四运动，在其开始，是共产主义的知识分子、革命的小资产阶级知识分子和资产阶级知识分子（他们是当时运动中的右翼）三部分人的统一战线的革命运动。它的弱点，就在只限于知识分子，没有工人农民参加。但发展到六三运动时，就不但是知识分子，而且有广大的无产阶级、小资产阶级和资产阶级参加，成了全国范围的革命运动了。五四运动所进行的文化革命则是彻底地反对封建文化的运动，自有中国历史以来，还没有过这样伟大而彻底的文化革命。当时以反对旧道德提倡新道德、反对旧文学提倡新文学为文化革命的两大旗帜，立下了伟大的功劳。这个文化运动，当时还没有可能普及到工农群众中去。它提出了“平民文学”口号，但是当时的所谓“平民”，实际上还只能限于城市小资产阶级和资产阶级的知识分子，即所谓市民阶级的知识分子。五四运动是在思想上和干部上准备了一九二一年中国共产党的成立，又准备了五卅运动和北伐战争。当时的资产阶级知识分子，是五四运动的右翼，到了第二个时期，他们中间的大部分就和敌人妥协，站在反动方面了。 【5】In the beginning the May 4th Movement was the revolutionary movement of a united front of three sections of people--communist intellectuals, revolutionary petty-bourgeois intellectuals and bourgeois intellectuals (the last forming the right wing of the movement). Its shortcoming was that it was confined to the intellectuals and that the workers and peasants did not join in. But as soon as it developed into the June 3rd Movement, not only the intellectuals but the mass of the proletariat, the petty bourgeoisie and the bourgeoisie joined in, and it became a nation-wide revolutionary movement. The cultural revolution ushered in by the May 4th Movement was uncompromising in its opposition to feudal culture; there had never been such a great and thoroughgoing cultural revolution since the dawn of Chinese history. Raising aloft the two great banners of the day, "Down with the old ethics and up with the new!" and "Down with the old literature and up with the new!", the cultural revolution had great achievements to its credit. At that time it was not yet possible for this cultural movement to become widely diffused among the workers and peasants. The slogan of "Literature for the common people" was advanced, but in fact the "common people" then could only refer to the petty-bourgeois and bourgeois intellectuals in the cities, that is, the urban intelligentsia. Both in ideology and in the matter of cadres, the May 4th Movement paved the way for the founding of the Chinese Communist Party in 1921 and for the May 30th Movement in 1925 and the Northern Expedition. The bourgeois intellectuals, who constituted the right wing of the May 4th Movement, mostly compromised with the enemy in the second period and went over to the side of reaction. 【6】第二个时期，以中国共产党的成立和五卅运动、北伐战争为标志，继续了并发展了五四运动时三个阶级的统一战线，吸引了农民阶级加入，并且在政治上形成了这个各阶级的统一战线，这就是第一次国共两党的合作。孙中山先生之所以伟大，不但因为他领导了伟大的辛亥革命（虽然是旧时期的民主革命），而且因为他能够“适乎世界之潮流，合乎人群之需要”，提出了联俄、联共、扶助农工三大革命政策，对三民主义作了新的解释，树立了三大政策的新三民主义。 【７】在这以前，三民主义是和教育界、学术界、青年界没有多大联系的，因为它没有提出反帝国主义的口号，也没有提出反封建社会 制度 关于办公室下班关闭电源制度矿山事故隐患举报和奖励制度制度下载人事管理制度doc盘点制度下载 和反封建文化思想的口号。在这以前，它是旧三民主义，这种三民主义是被人们看成为一部分人为了夺取政府权力，即是说为了做官，而临时应用的旗帜，看成为纯粹政治活动的旗帜。在这以后，出现了三大政策的新三民主义。由于国共两党的合作，由于两党革命党员的努力，这种新三民主义便被推广到了全中国，推广到了一部分教育界、学术界和广大青年学生之中。这完全是因为原来的三民主义发展成了反帝反封建的三大政策的新民主主义的三民主义之故；没有这一发展，三民主义思想的传播是不可能的。 【6】In the second period, whose landmarks were the founding of the Chinese Communist Party, the May 30th Movement and the Northern Expedition, the united front of the three classes formed in the May 4th Movement was continued and expanded, the peasantry was drawn into it and a political united front of all these classes, the first instance of Kuomintang-Communist co-operation, was established. Dr. Sun Yat-sen was a great man not only because he led the great Revolution of 1911 (although it was only a democratic revolution of the old period), but also because, "adapting himself to the trends of the world and meeting the needs of the masses", he had the capacity to bring forward the revolutionary Three Great Policies of alliance with Russia, co-operation with the Communist Party and assistance to the peasants and workers, give new meaning to the Three People's Principles and thus institute the new Three People's Principles with their Three Great Policies. 【７】Previously, the Three People's Principles had exerted little influence on the educational and academic world or with the youth, because they had not raised the issues of opposition to imperialism or to the feudal social system and feudal culture and ideology. They were the old Three People's Principles which people regarded as the time-serving banner of a group of men bent on seizing power, in other words, on securing official positions, a banner used purely for political maneuvering. Then came the new Three People's Principles with their Three Great Policies. The co-operation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the joint efforts of the revolutionary members of the two parties spread the new Three People's Principles all over China, extending to a section of the educational and academic world and the mass of student youth. This was entirely due to the fact that the original Three People's Principles had developed into the anti-imperialist, anti-feudal and new-democratic Three People's Principles with their Three Great Policies. Without this development it would have been impossible to disseminate the ideas of the Three People's Principles. 祝福 【1】她不是鲁镇人。有一年的冬初，四叔家里要换女工，做中人的卫老婆子带她进来了，头上扎着白头绳，乌裙，蓝夹袄，月白背心，年纪大约二十六七，脸色青黄，但两颊却还是红的。卫老婆子叫她祥林嫂，说是自己母家的邻舍，死了当家人，所以出来做工了。四叔皱了皱眉，四婶已经知道了他的意思，是在讨厌她是一个寡妇。但是她模样还周正，手脚都壮大，又只是顺着限，不开一句口，很像一个安分耐劳的人，便不管四叔的皱眉，将她留下了。试工期内，她整天的做，似乎闲着就无聊，又有力，简直抵得过一个男子，所以第三天就定局，每月工钱五百文。 【2】大家都叫她祥林嫂；没问她姓什么，但中人是卫家山人，既说是邻居，那大概也就姓卫了。她不很爱说话，别人问了才回答，答的也不多。直到十几天之后，这才陆续的知道她家里还有严厉的婆婆，一个小叔子，十多岁，能打柴了；她是春天没了丈夫的；他本来也打柴为生，比她小十岁：大家所知道的就只是这一点。 【3】日子很快的过去了，她的做工却毫没有懈，食物不论，力气是不惜的。人们都说鲁四老爷家里雇着了女工，实在比勤快的男人还勤快。到年底，扫尘，洗地，杀鸡，宰鹅，彻夜的煮福礼，全是一人担当，竟没有添短工。然而她反满足，口角边渐渐的有了笑影，脸上也白胖了。 She was not from Luzhen. Early one winter, when my uncle’s family wanted a new maid, old Mrs. Wei the go-between brought her along. She had a white mourning band round her hair and was wearing a black skirt, blue jacket, and pale green bodice. Her age was about twenty-six, and though her face was sallow her cheeks were red. Old Mrs. Wei introduced her as Xianglin’s Wife, a neighbour of her mother’s family, who wanted to go out to work now that her husband had died. My uncle frowned at this, and my aunt knew that he disapproved of taking on a widow. She looked just the person for them, though, with her big strong hands and feet; and judging by her downcast eyes and silence, she was a good worker who would know her place. So my aunt ignored my uncle’s frown and kept her. During her trial period she worked from morning till night as if she found resting irksome, and proved strong enough to do the work of a man; so on the third day she was taken on for five hundred cash a month. Everybody called her Xianglin’s Wife and no one asked her own name, but since she had been introduced by someone from Wei Village as a neighbour, her surname was presumably also Wei. She said little, only answering briefly when asked a question. Thus it took them a dozen days or so to find out bit by bit that she had a strict mother-in-law at home and a brother-in-law of ten or so, old enough to cut wood. Her husband, who had died that spring, had been a woodcutter too, and had been ten years younger than she was. This little was all they could learn. Time passed quickly. She went on working as hard as ever, not caring what she ate, never sparing herself. It was generally agreed that the Lu family’s maid actually got through more work than a hard-working man. At the end of the year, she swept and mopped the floors, killed the chickens and geese, and sat up to boil the sacrificial meat, all single-handed, so that they did not need to hire extra help. And she for her part was quite contented. Little by little the trace of a smile appeared at the corners of her mouth, while her face became whiter and plumper. 找点活 Looking For Work 【1】在旧社会，我们评剧演员常常挣钱不够吃饭，艺人们大都是拉家带口的，生活困难。 演员们唱完戏还要各自找点儿活干，有人拉排子车，有人卖破烂，卖烟卷儿，当小工，拾烟头是普遍现象。 【1】In the old society, pingju players seldom made enough to live on, and so most were saddled with big families their life was hard. Apart from acting they had to find other work. Often they pulled handcarts, sold junk or cigarettes, hired themselves out as coolies, or collected cigarette stubs. 【2】下雨或阴天回戏，不响锣就不给钱，是那时的规矩。 腊月二十三封箱，把“祖师爷”请到前台去，后台冷冷清清，演员们就更苦了，要等到年初一开戏了，才能挣到钱。 【2】If a performance was cancelled because of bad weather, the rule in those days was: No show, no pay. On the twenty-third of the twelfth lunar month, when theatres closed and the patron saint of actors was invited to the front stage, leaving the backstage deserted, actors were even worse off, unable to earn any more until the reopening on New Year's Day. 【3】我家里生活苦，父亲做小买卖，妈妈是家庭妇女，弟弟妹妹多；家里最大的是我，才十三岁，就唱戏养家了。真是一个钱撕成八瓣用，心里总想着怎样能够改善家里的困境。 早晨去喊嗓子，我带着一个小篮拾煤核，为了回家取暖。拾煤核也要放聪明点儿，常常换换地方，为的不受那些野男孩子的欺负。那些男孩子是成群结队的拾煤核，我是一个人，怕被他们欺负。我用换地方的办法，躲着他们。他们看见女孩拾煤核就捣乱，揪我的小辫，向我身上扔虫子，吓得我看见他们就躲。 【3】My family was hard up, with Father a peddler, Mother a housewife, and so many children to feed. At thirteen, as the eldest child, I acted to help support the family. Each single copper had to be eked out, and I kept racking my brains for ways to improve our difficult conditions. Each morning when I went out to practice singing in the open air, I took a little basket to scrounge for cinders for our stove. Even when scrounging for cinders you had to have your wits about you and shift from place to place to avoid those mischievous boys who banded together to collect cinders too. Being all on my own and afraid of being bullied by them, I shifted around to dodge them. Because when they found me scavenging they made trouble, pulling my plait or throwing insects at me, so that the sight of them frightened me away.    【4】腊月二十三灶王爷上天，后台封上戏箱，要等年初一开戏。封箱回戏，等于演员们封嘴，大家可苦了。各自找生活路子，我们女孩子就做点女孩子能做的活。我同几个女孩子去东亚毛纺织厂，分线头、扫地等干点杂活。每天天不亮戴着星星去排队，工厂没开大门就排上老长的队了。工头拿着皮鞭从大门出来，像轰牲口一样轰人，一个挨一个地用粉笔在人们背上写上号码，这个号码就是上工的 证明 住所证明下载场所使用证明下载诊断证明下载住所证明下载爱问住所证明下载爱问 。当这个小工真不容易。经常是排了一早晨队，大门才开；画了不多的号，工头就说：“没号了！没号了！”那种失望心情就别提多难受了！【５】有一次是夏天，连阴天，连着回戏。我只好去排队找活干。还好，因为去的早，没等多久就画上号了。回家时忽然下了大雨，一路跑回家，我完全想不到，自己被淋，只想着背上面得号，要是被雨淋掉，工就做不成了。我急着把衣服脱下来，大雨像瓢泼一样。我把衣服紧紧抱在怀里，飞快跑回家。回到家里打开一看就高兴了，号码一点也没有被淋湿；可我从头到脚淋成了落汤鸡了。 【4】On the twenty-third of the twelfth lunar month the Kitchen God went up to heaven, and the theatre shut down until New year’s Day. When that happened, actors' pay stopped and they were hard put to it. Each had to fend for himself, and we young actresses did whatever work we could pick up. I went with some other girls to the East Asia Woollen Mill to do odd jobs like unraveling strands of wool or sweeping the floor. We had to queue up before dawn when there were still stars in the sky. A long queue formed before the mill’s gate opened. The foreman came out with a whip, as if herding cattle, and chalked a number on our backs, one by one. That number showed that we were taken on. But such small jobs were really hard to come by. Often, when we’d queued up for hours before the gate opened, after chalking a few numbers the foreman would say, “That’s all! No more hands needed!” At that we felt too disappointed for words! 【5】 One summer a spell of bad weather closed down our theatre, and I went to queue up. I was lucky. Because I went early, before long I had a number chalked on my back. By the time we knocked off it was pouring with rain. As I ran home I didn’t mind being soaked. I was only worried that if the rain washed off the number on my back I wouldn’t be able to go to work the next day. I frantically took off my gown, while it rained cats and dogs. Clutching my gown to my heart I flew home, and there, unfolding it, I was overjoyed to find that the number wasn’t washed out, though I was drenched from head to foot like a drowned rat. 美国的婚礼 Weddings in the United States [1]美国的国土上居住着各种各样的人，他们的婚礼也千差万别。有热闹庄重的教堂婚礼；有在山顶上举行的婚礼，客人们光着脚陪伴登高；也有在海底举行的婚礼，客人们戴着氧气罐跟着入水。但婚礼无论在哪儿举行或怎样举行，总有某些传统的风俗。 【1】Weddings in the United States vary as much as the people do. There are church weddings with a great deal of fanfare; there are weddings on mountain-tops with guests barefooted; and there have been weddings on the ocean floor with oxygen tanks for the guests. But many weddings, no matter where or how they are performed, include certain traditional customs. 在举行婚礼前先要先订婚，然后发放请贴给住在附近的人和好朋友以及远方的亲戚。当一切准备就绪，就该到最激动人心的时刻了。 【2】Before a couple is married, they become engaged. And then invitations are sent to those who live nearby, their close friends and their relatives who live far away. When everything is ready, then comes the most exciting moment. [2]婚礼本身通常