海上风电技术发展ppt

1 海上风电技术发展 Technology Development for  Offshore Wind Farms 姚良忠 国网电力科学研究院 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China 国网电力科学研究院 No 8, NARI Road, Nanjing, China Tel: +86-25-8309-2239 e-mail: yaoliangzhong@sgepri.sgcc.com.cn 内容 1.风电发展现状 2.风电发展的技术问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 及挑战2.风电发展的技术问题及挑战 3.主要风电并网技术 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 4.将来的研发重点 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China 2 风电发展背景 • World Electricity Demand Set to Double – Additional 4,800 GW new capacity by 2030 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 CO 2 e m is si on s in M t 34% 41% 44% 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 CO 2 e m is si on s in M t 34% 41% 44% 2030 – Tracked by CO2 emissions – Environment concern 0 5000 10000 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 C Power Generation Total CO2 emissions 34% 0 5000 10000 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 C Power Generation Total CO2 emissions 34% • EU Core Objectives (20-20-20 Targets, 2008) – Green house gas emissions reduction by 20% by 2020 (below 1990 level) – 20% increase in energy efficiency by 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China gy y y 2020 – 20% renewable energy by 2020 • China (2009) – Aims to reduce carbon emissions relative to economic growth (GDP) by 40 to 45% by 2020 (below 2005 level)  Offshore Wind Power in USOffshore Wind Power in US 海上风电 – 美国的发展 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China 397.5万 3 • Wind Power in Europe 2010 欧洲2010风电总容量 - Total installed capacity in Europe 欧洲总装机: 86.3 GW - Total installed capacity in EU 欧共体总装机: 84.3 GW 海上风电 – 欧洲的发展 27.214 GW 5.204 GW 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China 20.676 GW 5.660 GW 5.797 GW 海上风电 – 欧洲的发展（英国）  Offshore Wind Farms in the UK Offshore Wind Farms in the UK -- Rounds 1&2 Rounds 1&2 第一及第二第一及第二轮轮 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China – Round1: 2002, 15 sites; 60-90MW each – Round2: 2005,15 sites, up to 1200MW each,7.17GW 4 海上风电 – 欧洲的发展（英国）  Offshore Wind Farms in the UK Offshore Wind Farms in the UK -- Round 3 Round 3 第三轮海上风电第三轮海上风电 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, ChinaRound3: 9 Sites, 25GW (2500万) Proposed  Offshore Wind Farms in the UK Offshore Wind Farms in the UK -- Round 3 Round 3 第三轮海上风电第三轮海上风电 海上风电 – 欧洲的发展（英国） 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China 5 • Wind Share of Total Electricity Consumption in Europe 2010 欧洲2010年风电在总电力消耗的比重 海上风电 – 欧洲的发展 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China • European Wind Initiative (EWI, EWEA) 欧洲风电发展的目标 – 20% in 2020 (230GW) – 33% in 2030 (400GW) – 50% in 2050 海上风电 – 欧洲的发展 50% in 2050 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China 6 • Wind Power in the world in 2010 – China: 42.29 GW USA: 40 18 GW 2010年世界风电发展 – USA: 40.18 GW – Germany 27.21 GW – Spain: 20.68 GW – World: 194.39 GW Source: GWEC–Global Wind 2010 Report 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China • Onshore Wind Power in China in 2010 – Connected capacity: 29.56 GW – Constructed capacity: 41.6 GW (including the connected capacity) – 6 wind farm sites/areas, each of them will be over 10GW in capacity 中国风电发展 6 wind farm sites/areas, each of them will be over 10GW in capacity (North West, North East, North China三华地区)  29.56 Connected Wind Power (GW) Each Year Increasing (%) Connected Wind Power and Increasing % (GW) (%) Wind Farm Locations 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China 17.67 9.71 4.192.09 (%) Source: Wind Power Development - White Paper, 2011 7 Wind Farm Locations • Mixed Onshore/Offshore Wind Power in China – 2 sites (>10GW each) 中国风电发展 30GW 3000万 (2020) 2 sites (>10GW each) – Planned capacity for Offshore • 2015: 5 GW （500万） • 2020: 30 GW （3000万） 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China ( ) • Wind Turbine (WT) Development Source: UpWind, EWEA China WT 5MW, 6MW 风机的发展Wind Turbine 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China Wind power proportional to wind speeds cubed 8 内容 1.风电发展现状 2.风电发展的技术问题及挑战2.风电发展的技术问题及挑战 3.主要并网技术方案 4.将来的研发重点 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China 2. 风电发展技术问题及挑战 • What kind of electricity do we want to have ? – Green – Cheap 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China – Reliable 9 • Wind Power Fluctuation 风功率波动 Cutoff SpeedCutin Speed 2. 风电发展技术问题及挑战 Y 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China Capacity Factor 30–40% Source: Ali Ipakchi, 2009 IEEE power & energy magazine X • Wind Power Fluctuation 功率波动 Typical Winter Daily Wind Power Curves in Liao Ning Province 2. 风电发展技术问题及挑战 nd P ow er (M W ) 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China Gao Shang Zi CiEnSi He Ping NanXiaoLiu Time (Hour) W i Source: Wind Power Development - White Paper, 2011 10 • Wind Power Fluctuation 风功率的反调峰特性 Typical winter daily load and wind power curves, Jilin Province, China 2. 风电发展技术问题及挑战 Load负荷 Wind Power Generation风功率 Equivalent Load等消负荷 W in d Po w er (M W ) Lo ad (M W ) 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China load Equivalent Load Wind Power Generation (Equivalent Load=Load – Wind Power Generation) W Time (hour) Source: Wind Power Development - White Paper, 2011 • Reactive/Voltage Control 无功/电压控制 – Most Common Types of Wind Turbine Generators 2. 风电发展技术问题及挑战 P,Q Direct Drive Synchronous Generator (DDSG)直驱风机 Fixed Speed Induction Generators (FSIG)衡速风机 P,Q P,Q Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIG)双馈 风机 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China +Q P -Q 100%0% +Q P -Q 100%0% P +Q -Q 100%0% 11 • Main Issues and Challenges – There will be 8 sites, and each with 2. 风电发展技术问题及挑战 Wind Farm Locations 30GW (2020) >2000km the installed capacity over 10GW – bulk wind power – In each site, wind farms are very centralized in the same area, and most of them are far away from the load centre 高度集中，远离负荷中心 – Development of wind farms is faster than transmission system 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China y reinforcement – transmission congestion 风电超前电网发展-网络 拥挤 – Bulk wind power will result in big impact on transmission system stability if wind farms are disconnected suddenly 大规模风电 故障将对输电网产生重大影响 • Main Issues and Challenges – Generation source structure & reserve issues for peak-shaving & generation-load balance 2. 风电发展技术问题及挑战 for peak-shaving & generation-load balance • Rich wind source regions are also the regions with many existing coal fired power plants, which are normally operated at their maximum load condition in winter, due to constant thermal load demand– they have less capability for peak-shaving • Peak-shaving capabilities of pump-storage power plants are limited by low water season in winter – Wind turbine installations were faster than development of Gird Code standard for wind farm grid 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China development of Gird Code standard for wind farm grid connection 风电发展快于并网标准的发展 – Gird code standard was not applied when many wind farms were connected, and many wind farms didn’t have fault ride through capability although they were connected with grid 许多并网风电场并不满足并网技术要 求 12 内容 1.风电发展现状 2.风电发展的技术问题及挑战2.风电发展的技术问题及挑战 3.主要并网技术方案 4.将来的研发重点 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China 风电并网标准  Connection Requirements Connection Requirements –– Grid CodeGrid Code 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China 13 风电并网标准 • Key Grid Code Requirements for Connection 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China Source: UpWind, EWEA • Grid Code Requirement – Fault Ride Through – Comparison of fault ride through requirements. (Source: IEA Wind Task 25, 2009) – Low Voltage Ride Through 低电压穿越要求 风电并网标准– 低电压故障穿越 Grid Vgrid Voltage Connection Point China 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China G Wind Farm o tage dip 0.625s Tripping Area 14 • Grid Code Requirement - Fault Ride Through – High Voltage Ride Through 高电压穿越要求 风电并网标准 – 高电压故障穿越 Grid Vgrid Voltage Connection Point Voltage Duration Curve (Source: WECC- Western Electricity Coordinating 1.0 P.U 1.2 P.U Tripping Area 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China G Wind Farm o tage dip Coo d a g Council)Tripping Area • Enabling Technologies for Wind Farm Grid Connections – Direct AC Connection 风电场经交流输电并网 可选的风电并网技术 – AC Connection Combined with Reactive Power Compensation 风电场经 交流输电并网并加并联无功补偿 • Capacitors/Reactors并联电容器及电抗器 • SVC (Static Var Compensator)静止无功补偿器 • STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator)静止同步补偿器 • A Combination of Above – HVDC Connection风电场经高压直流输电技术并网 电 源型高 直流输电技术 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China • Voltage Source HVDC (VS HVDC) 电压源型高压直流输电技术 • Line Commutated HVDC (LC HVDC)电流源型高压直流输电技术 • Off-shore HVDC Grid Using VSC Technology多端电压源型高压直流输电 技术 – Advanced Wind Power Management Systems应用先进的自动化系统 15  Static Var Compensator(SVC)静止 无功补偿器 SVC: TCR+TSC iL() iC1 iC2 无功补偿及控制 – SVC: TCR+TSC • A combination of C and L elements can give complete coverage • L element can be controlled • C element can only be switched • TCR element can be used to decrease capacitive contribution SWL SW1 SW2 Vs TC R only2 TSC + TC R 1 TSC + TC R 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China p Sources: Heinz K. Tyll, Siemens AG  ILIL(m ax) B L(m ax)B C (m ax) =2B C IC(m ax) IC + TC R  Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) 静止同步补偿器 • A controlled voltage source is injected in phase with the 无功补偿及控制 network voltage • The amplitude of the injected voltage is controlled to regulate the reactive power • The voltage source is generated by power electronics converter jX VVI CS  X VVVQ CSS VS I jXIVC VS I jXIV 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China jX |Vc|<|Vs| Inductive current |Vc|>|Vs| Capacitive current jX VVI CS  X VVVQ CSS  VC X I I jXIVC jXI VC VS 16  AC Connection + SVC or STATCOM for Dynamic Reactive Compensation  For “Short” Wind Farm Connection Distance SVC and STATCOM 在FISG风电场中的应用  For Short Wind Farm Connection Distance  Using SVC or STATCOM for reactive power compensation Z1=R1+jX1 Z2=R2+jX2 Z2=R2+jX2 2Z2=2R2+j2X2 132kV 50Hz 132kV 11kV132kV PFC 28M Pg+jQg jQc 60MW 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China SVC/ STATCOM 3-Phase fault 28Mvar Fig. Schematic diagram of the simulated system  AC Connection without Dynamic Reactive Compensation 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 vo lta ge (p u) 1 1.5 2 2.5 rq ue (p u) Mechanical torque SVC and STATCOM 在FISG风电场中的应用 0 0.2 0.4 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time (s) N et w or k v -40 0 40 80 Po w er (M VA ) Active Pow er Reactive Pow er -0.5 0 0.5 1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time (s) G en er at or to Electric torque 1.2 1.4 1.6 ne ra to r s pe ed (p u) 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China  Fault ride through capability − 3-Phase Fault at t=0.5sec, and lasted for 0.14s − Without SVC/STATCOM, the voltage at the connection point did not recover -80 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time (s) 1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time (s) G en 17  Performance Comparison between SVC and STATCOM 0.8 1 1.2 ta ge (p u) STATCOM 1.5 2 2.5 ue (p u) SVCSTATCOM SVC and STATCOM 在FISG风电场中的应用 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time (s) N et w or k vo lt SVC 10 20 30 40 e po w er (M Va r) SVC STATCOM -0.5 0 0.5 1 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time (s) El ec tr ic to rq 1.04 1.06 r s pe ed (p u) SVC 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China Fault ride through capability − 3-Phase Fault at t=0.5sec, and lasted for 0.14s − STATCOM is better than SVC –System recovered fast -10 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time (s) R ea ct iv e 1 1.02 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Time (s) G en er at or STATCOM  Various implementation strategies − At Turbine Level− At Grid Connecting or Collector Point Level STATCOM 在系统中的部点  Key decision making criteria − Ease of Access− Mean Time Between Failure− Losses− Capital & Operating Costs G ~ MV-power system WT-1 G ~ MV-power system WT-1 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China G ~ G ~ HV grid WT-n WT-2 STATCOM G ~ G ~ -2 HV grid STATCOM -1 -n WT-n WT-2 STATCOM STATCOM 18 Station Sometimes HVDC is the only option 为什么要用HVDC并网 Cost DC Convertor Stations DC AC Break Even Distance 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China AC Stations Transmission Distance  For Large Remote Wind Farm  Connection   Using LCC HVDC together LCC HVDC Connection Solution 电流源型HVDC并网  Using LCC HVDC together  with a STATCOM F Onshore HVDC Converter Station Offshore Hybrid HVDC Converter Station STATCOMOffshore Wind Farm 500MW HFF F G~ G~G~ G~ G~G~ G~ G~ G~G~ G 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China Figure: Wind farm connection using LCC HVDC Transmission 145 kV 50Hz HFF F F 400 kV 50Hz500 MW +500 kV 1000 A F F G~ G~G~ G~ G~ G~G~ G~ G~G~ G~ 19 Q1 Q2P VSC HVDC Connection Solution 电压源型HVDC并网  For Large Remote Wind Farm Connection  Using VSC based HVDC system G~ G~G~ DC transmission line Q1 Q2P VSC VSC Station 1 Station 2 UC1 UC2 IC1 Network 1 Network 2 G~ G~G~ G~ G~ G~G~ G~ G~G~ G~ G~ G~G~ G~ G~ 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China lineG~G~  VSC = Voltage Source Converter  Capacitor normally used as energy storage  VSC uses self-commutated devices such as: – IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)  VSC generates its own AC voltage in the receiving system with controlled amplitude and phase angle • Key Activities/Projects – Integrated wind power forecasting, monitoring 关键研发科题 and controlling system – Verification of Grid Code compliance for wind farms - Fault Ride Through validation – Grid system reinforcement – Grid stability control system PMU based WAM system 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China – PMU based WAM system – VSC HVDC Technology 20 • Integrated wind power forecasting, monitoring and controlling system for wind farm (at wind farm level) – Wind power forecasting (sampling: every 15mins), active and 风功率预报及监控 reactive control and management, fault diagnosis 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China NS2000 Wind Farm Monitoring and Control System  Coordinated wind power dispatch system (at grid level) – Wind power dispatch between wind fames in the same wind farm site/area to meet the grid operation requirement 风功率预报及监控 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China 21 Validation of wind farm grid code compliance – Fault ride through testing 故障穿越认证 Low voltage ride through testing for a 1.5MW DFIG at Shuanlong wind farm in Jilin 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China province (吉林长 岭双龙风电场 1.5MW双馈风电机 组低电压穿越测试）  Validation of grid code compliance for large PVs – Large PV testing centre (SG EPRI) 故障穿越认证 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China Mobile test facility for small PV stations 22 Demonstration Project – Wind (100MW), PV(40MW), Storage (20MW) and Transmission 风光储输示范项目 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China国家风光储输示范工程（河北张家口）国家风光储输示范工程（河北张家口） 内容 1.风电发展现状 2.风电发展的技术问题及挑战2.风电发展的技术问题及挑战 3.主要并网技术方案 4.将来的研发重点 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China 23 将来的研发重点  Further development of UHVAC and UHVDC transmission systems, to form the “Strong” UHVAC & UHVDC grids, including projects – UHVDC: Hami to Henan （哈密-河南）; Jiuquan to Huan （酒泉-湖南） UHVAC: Ximeng to Nanjing (锡盟 南京) Menxi to Changsha （蒙西– UHVAC: Ximeng to Nanjing (锡盟-南京) Menxi to Changsha （蒙西- 长沙） ±1100kV, 2700kM 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China Source: Wind Power Development- White Paper, 2011 ±800kV, 2400kM ±800kV 2300kM 1000kV AC  Further develop the “Strong Smart Grid” techniques in order to implement optimal operation of transmission system with bulk wind power 将来的研发重点 transmission system with bulk wind power integrations. These include the development of – Accurate wind power forecasting for dispatch – Coordinated dispatch and control techniques – Integrated smart substation, etc 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China 24  Development of storage technologies, mainly pump-storage power plant (Fen-ning 河北丰宁 pump storage hydro plant, etc) 2015 18 4GW 将来的研发重点 – 2015, 18.4GW – 2020, 40GW 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China Figure 1: Typical storage capacity versus discharge times for energy storage technologies (Source: Dr. Chris Naish “et al”, “Outlook of Energy Storage Technologies” (2008), page 4, online: The European Parliament Policy Department, Economic and Scientific Policy)  Coordinated development between wind farm development and grid system reinforcement 将来的研发重点  Validation of wind farm grid code compliance before connected, particularly • High & low voltage ride through: each wind farm has to pass the test before connected! 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China 25  Smarter Optimal Dispatch- – Wind power priority based dispatch -Need better wind power forecasting and monitoring system 将来的研发重点 • R&D&D for key techniques • UHVAC and UHVDC • VSC HVDC • Large wind and PV power forecasting and monitoring • Storage • Impacts of distributed microgrids on transmission grid • Advanced ICT and energy 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China Advanced ICT and energy management system • PMU based WAM systems • Fast communication  Offshore Grids ? Econcern TenneT’s visiion 将来的研发重点 EWEA’’s 20 year plan Greenpeace 不同的海上 直流网方案 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China 直流网方案 26  How Do We Connect These Offshore Wind Farms?How Do We Connect These Offshore Wind Farms? 将来的研发重点 HVAC or HVDC ? 交流还是直流？ 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China Smart Grid Vision  An Environmental Friendly Strong Smart Grid in China is the Key to Maximize the Capability of Wind Power Grid Integration! 将来的研发重点 Strong & Smart Grid 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China 27 谢谢！ Thank you for your attention! 海上风电技术发展 Thank you for your attention! yaoliangzhong@sgepri.sgcc.com.cn liang.yao@iee.org 2011 IERE-SGEPRI Nanjing Workshop, 24 –27 July 2011, Nanjing, China