人教版英语必修四

人教版 英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 必修四 作    者：admin 转 贴 自：本站原创 更新时间：2009-3-23 19:13:53 点 击 数：54 关 键 字：Unit 4 Body language 推荐等级：★★★ 分页方式：不分页 阅读点数：0" Unit 4 Body language 重难点 【词汇拓展】 1. statement; n. 陈述；说明 state-vt. 陈述；叙述；声明 2.greet-v问候，迎接，打招呼greeting –n敬礼，致意 greetings 问候语，致词 3.represent-v.代表，象征representative -n. 代表 4.. association; n. 社团；联系；联想associate;vt. 使发生联系, 使联合adj. associated联合的, 关联的 5. curious adj. 好奇的curiously adv. 好奇地 6.dormitory –n 宿舍 7. approach; vi.&vt.接近；靠近 n.接近； 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 ；途径. approachable -adj. 可到达的；可亲近的 8. defend -vt. 保护；保卫 defense- n. 防卫；防卫设备；防御 9. major--adj. 主要的minor --adj. 较小的；次要的 10．dash-v 猛冲，突进. 11.misunderstand -vt. 误解；误会misunderstanding -n. 误解；误会 understanding --n. 谅解, 理解 12.adult-n成人，成年人 adj 成人的，成熟的 13. spoken- adj. 口语的 unspoken-adj. 非口语的；未说出口的 14. function-n 作用，动能，只能 v-起作用，运转 15.likely-- adj. 可能的 16.false—adj 错误的，假的 true 真的，正确的 17.ease--n. 安逸；舒适vt.减轻（痛苦；忧虑）easeful--adj.舒适的, 安逸的 18. truly-- adv. 真实地；真诚地；真正地true--adj. 真实的, 真正的 19. anger- n. 怒气；怒火 angry-- adj. 生气的重要词汇拓展答案 【短语梳理】 1. defend against保卫…以免受 2.intruduce sb to sb 向某人介绍某人 3.kiss sb on some part亲吻某人的某个部位 4.in defence 防御，保障 5.together with 与某人一起 6.be likely to 很可能…；有希望… 7.reach one’s hand out to sth 把手伸出来取某物 8.on the contrary 相反 9.nod at sb 向某人点头 10.greet sb with/by 通过…向某人问候 11.express one’s feelings表达某人的感情 12. in general 总的来说；通常 13.at a job fair 在求职会上 14.be nervous about 对… 感到紧张 15. at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 16. lose face丢脸 17.turn one’s back to 背对；背弃 18.turn one’s head away 把头转过去 19.be willing to 渴望…. , 愿意…. 20. look upset about sth 对.. 感到沮丧 【重点讲解】 1. major, local & represent 【课文原句】They will be meeting at a major hotel with local business people and people who represent the Chinese government. (P25) 【名师点拨】(1) major adj. 表示“主要的；较大的；重要的”，句中a major hotel 意思是“大酒店”；major经常用作名词，意为“主修课程；专业课”；可作动词，主要用于major in，意为“主修”。如： Many people wish to live in a major city. She decided to take computer as her major. My friend majored in economics at Tsinghua University.  (2) local adj. 表示“地方的；当地的”。含有local的常用词组：local customs意为“地方风俗”；local news意为“本地新闻”；the local TV station意为“地方电视台”；the local court意为“地方法院”；the local government意为“地方政府”。如:     My sister studies at a local university. (3) represent在本句中是“代表”的意思，还有“象征；表现；描绘；扮演”等意思。如： We must choose someone to represent us. (代表) The stars in our flag represent the States. (象征) This picture represents a man riding a horse. (表现) 【知识拓展】meet with sb表示“和某人会晤（商讨问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 等）”。但具体句子要具体分析，有时候可表示“偶然遇见”。如： I met with a friend on the train yesterday. （偶遇） 2. introduce 【课文原句】You introduce them to each other, and are surprised by what you see. (P26) 【名师点拨】introduce表示“介绍；引荐；引进；采用”等意思，常和to连用，即introduce… to…。在本句中是“介绍；引荐”的意思。如： Let me introduce myself to you first. The chairman introduced the speaker to the audience. 【知识拓展】introduce的名词形式是introduction，意为“介绍”，多作不可数名词，有时候也作可数名词；还可译为“引论；导言；概论”，是可数名词。如： My next guest needs no introduction (= is already known to everyone). Before the meeting began I made the necessary introductions. The introduction in a book tells us what the book is about. 3. approach & touch 【课文原句】Mr Garcia approaches Mrs Smith, touches her shoulder and kisses her on the cheek. (P26) 【名师点拨】(1) approach vt. & vi. 意为“接近；靠近；走近”。approach作名词讲时，表示“方法；步骤；途径；接近”，用于make approaches to sb，表示“想法接近（认识）某人”。如： We could just see the train approaching in the distance. It began to rain when he approached his home. The time is approaching when we must be on board. All approaches were blocked because of the accident. A new approach should be found to solve the matter. I am not good at making approaches to strangers. (2) touch作动词讲，意为“接触；触摸”；touch作名词时，除了“接触；触摸”的意思外，还有“联系”的意思。如： Visitors are not allowed not to touch the exhibits. keep in touch with  同……保持联系 get in / into touch with 和……取得联系 lose touch with     和……失去联系 be out of touch with  同……失去联系 4. express 【课文原句】… they also express their feelings using unspoken “language” through keeping physical distance, actions or posture. (P26) 【名师点拨】express vt.意为“表达；表示”。文中express their feelings 意为“表达他们的感情”；express oneself用于表达自己的意思、思想或情感。如： No words can express my thanks to your help. He can express himself in clear English now after five years' hard learning. 【知识拓展】express作名词讲时，表示“快车；快递；快件”。如： the No. 102 special express to Beijing   开往北京的102次特快 5. avoid 【课文原句】It is an interesting study and can help you avoid difficulty in communication. (P26) 【名师点拨】avoid vt. 表示“避开；避免”，avoid difficulty in communication意思是“避免交际上的困难”。avoid后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。如： Why are you trying to avoid that boy? I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and ran towards me. 6. be likely to 【课文原句】People from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. (P26) 【名师点拨】likely作形容词，指“可能发生某事”，后可接不定式或从句。be likely to意为“很可能……；有希望……”。如： Do remind me because I'm likely to forget. It's quite likely that we'll be in Spain this time next year. They are likely to refuse your invitation. 【知识拓展】likely, possible, probable都含有“可能的”的意思，但也有差异：  likely指从表面迹象来看很有可能。如: Look at the black clouds. It is likely to rain tonight. possible指由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到，强调“客观上有可能”, 但常含有“实际希望很小”的意思。如: It is possible to go to the moon now. probable语气比 possible强，“可能性”最大，指有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，带有“大概、很可能”的意思。如: I don't think the story is probable. 7. at ease 【课文原句】A smile is the universal facial expression — it is intended to put people at ease. (P29) 【名师点拨】at ease是个固定词组，意思是“处在舒适、自由自在的状态下”。本句中put people at ease意为“使人自由自在；不拘束”。如： Her mind was at ease, knowing that the children were safe. 【知识拓展】(1) ease作名词讲时，表示“安逸；安心；不费力；悠闲”。如： He leads a life of ease. (= He leads an easy life.) (2) ease 作动词讲时，表示“解除；减轻（痛苦、忧愁或烦恼）”。如： The doctor gave him some painkillers to ease the pain. (3) ease的常用短语： with ease (= easily)  熟练地；轻而易举地 be (feel) ill at ease   局促不安, 心神不宁 put sb at his ease   使某人宽心; 使某人感到无拘无束 stand at ease    稍息 【疑难详解】 1. We can learn a lot about what a perso nis thinking by watching his or her body language. 我们能够通过一个人的身体的动作了解他的许多所四所想。 [问]本句中的by watching his or her body language 是什么意思，有何用法？ [答]本句中的by watching his or her body language是动名词watching作介词by的宾语。 下面我简 单 名单名单延期单出门单老板名单 谈一谈动名词的用法，动名词是非谓语动词的一种，在句子中可以用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。 例如：Seeing is believing. （主语）眼见为实。 It is no use sending him over. （主语）派他去没用。 注意：（1）在It is no use (或good,need)... 或It's useless （或worth-while)... 等结构中，常用动名词作真正主语。 （2）在There is no v. -ing ... 结构中，常用动名词作主语。例如： There is no joking about the matter. 这事开不得玩笑。 My job is teaching. 我的工作是教书。（表语） He has finished doing his work. 他已经干完了他的工作。（宾语） 注意：动名词只能作前置定语表示被修饰的词的目的或用途。 例如：a sleeping car (a car for selleping )卧车 下面我在谈一谈动名词的复合结构，其结构形式为“形容词性物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词”在句中可用做主语、宾语或表语： 例如：Your going there will help a lot. [主语]你去那儿将大有用处。 Do you mind my opening the door？[宾语]我打开门行吗？ 注意：（1）如果不是在句首，这种结构在口语中可用“代词宾格（或名词普通格）+动名词”。 Is there any hope of him and his sister winning the prize?他而后他妹妹有希望得奖吗？ (2)如果名词是表示无生命事物时，不用名词所有格，只能用“名词的普通格+动名词” Can you hear the noise of the machine renning? 你能听到机器运转的声音吗？ 2. Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. 就像口语，体态在不同的文化之间有差异。 [问]请问from culture to culture是什么意思？ [答]本句中的字面意思为“从一种文化到另一种文化”。介词短语“from...to...”是从……到……“的意思，注意：此句型中不需要冠词。 例如：from time to time 时时；from generation to generation 世世代代 [相关短语]from before 从……以前；from behind 从……后面；from ...on 从……（时间）以后（以来），从……时起 3. Making eye contact -looking directly into someone's eyes ---is in some countries a way to show that one is interested .眼神交流——直视某人，在某些国家是一种某人感兴趣的方式。 [问]请问look into 是什么意思？ [答]look into a matter(a machine )调查某事（检查机器） [相关短语]look after 照料；look back (与on，to连用）回想，记起；停滞不前 From this time on , he never looked back. 从此以后他便不断进步了。 look down on 轻视，看不起；look forward to 盼望；期待 I'm looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation.我盼望今年暑假见到你。 look out 注意；look up 在书中查到 When yo do not understand a word, you can look it up in this dictionary. 当你不懂一个 单词时，可以查这本词典。 4. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money. 在日本，看见另外一个人在作这种手势的人，他会以为这种手势指的是钱。 [问]请帮助分析一下这个句子的结构。 [答]好的，本句是一个复合句，其主语为someone， 它由一个定语从句who sees another person making the gesture修饰，而这个从句中又有动词短语to see sb. doing sth. 的结构，其意为“看见某人做某事”，同时，本句还含有一个宾语从句，其意为“看见某人做某事”，同时，本句还含有一个宾语从句it means money。 5. In Bulgaria, parts of Greece, and Iran, however, the gestures have the opposite meaning. 在保加利亚和部分希腊、伊朗地区，可是，这些手势却有相反的意思。 [问]能讲一讲however的用法吗？ [答]however可以作（1）adv.无论如何；不论到什么程度 例如：He can answer the question however hard it is. 不管问题有多难他都能回答。 However did you get here? 你是怎么到这里来的？ （2）不过；然而 例如：He hasn't arrived. He may, however, come later. 他还未到，不过，他可能过一会儿来。 I'd like to go with you, however, my hands are full. 我很想和你一块儿去，可是我忙不过来。 （3）不管用什么方法；无论什么方式 例如：However I cook eggs, the child still refuses to eat them. 不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋，小孩还是不肯吃。 名题精选： We'll have to finish the job, ___.(90年高考题） A. long it takes however B. it takes however long C. long however it takes D. however long it takes 答案：D。 本题考查however引导的让步状语从句的用法。however表示“不管到什么程度”， 用来引导让步状语从句，本身应放在从句首，其后紧跟它所修饰的形容词或副词。因此，正常的顺序为D项。也可转换成“no natter how long it takes”。 6. There are also differences in how often we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to ,and how we act when we meet or part.在这方面也存在着差异，我们平常怎样相互接触，当我们谈话时，我们离别人站得有多近以及当我们遇见和离开时，我们怎样做动作。 [问]请给我们分析一下这个句子的结构。 [答]这是一个复合句，其主句为There are also differences，后面是how引导的并列的三个宾语从句作介词in的宾语，其中第二个宾语从句 how close we stand to someone we are talking to中又有一个定语从句we are talking to修饰someone，而最后一个宾语从句how we act when we meet or part中还含有时间状语从句when we meet or part。 7. In some countries, for example France and Russia, a visiting friend is greeted with a kiss on the cheek. 在一些国家，比如法国和俄罗斯，来访的朋友通常哟啊被吻脸颊以示欢迎。 [问] with a kiss on the cheek在这里是什么意思？ [答]with在这里是prep表示“用”的意思，例如：I pity the orphans with all my heart. 我完全同情这些孤儿。 He opened the door with his key. 他用钥匙开了门。而在a visiting friend中，visiting是一个现在分词作定语，其意为“来访的”。在这里我们要注意with和in的区别， in也可以表示“用”的意思，但一般表示“用文字 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 ”，例如：write articles in Chinese 用汉语写文章；write in ink (pencil)用钢笔写（无冠词）。 8. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in  a world of  strangers. 微笑能够帮助我们通过困难处境和在陌生的环境中找到朋友。 [问]help us get through 是什么意思？ [答]help us get through 是help后跟的不带to的动词不定式，动词help后的不定式既可以带to也可以不带to。而本句中的get through是“通过，度过，打通”的意思。get through 还有“接通（电话），让人了解”的意思。例如：Get it through to him that he must rest. 要让他了解他该休息了。另外，在这里我们归纳一下与get相关的短语： get sth. done (使）让人做好；做（该做的事） I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come. 我得把盘子洗了，然后就来。 get across 被理解；使人了解 Did your speech get across to the crowd?你的演说听众理解吗？ get down to 认真地静下心（工作） to get down to work 静下心来工作。 get together 相聚，聚会 When can we get together?我们什么时候聚会？ 9. A smile can open doors and tear down walls, and it can be used to express almost any emotion. 微笑能打开心扉，消除隔阂，而且，它能被用来表达几乎任何情感。 [问]tear down是什么意思？ [答]tear down在这里是“v. 扯下，拆卸”的意思。例如：They are tearing down these old houses to build a new office block. 他们正拆除这些旧房子以便建一座新办公室。tear down walls 在本句中是一个暗喻，意指“消除隔阂”。而be used to do在这里是“被用于”的意思。注意其与be used to doing (习惯于做……），used to do （过去常常做……）的区别。 10. We use a smile to apologize, to greet someone, to ask for help, and to start a conversation. 我们能够用微笑来道歉，问候求助和开始谈话。 [问]ask for 是什么意思？ [答]ask for (=enquire after, inquire after)要求，请求；ask for it 自讨苦吃；ask for trouble 自找麻烦 例如：She asked for time to think all this over. 她要求给她时间把这一切好好想想。 Did anyone ask for me?有人找我吗？ If you park on those yellow lines ,you are really asking for it. 而且，如果我们感到意志消沉或孤独，就没有什么比看到一个好朋友的笑脸更好的了。 [问]feeling down or lonely 是什么意思， there is nothing better than to see the smiling face 又是什么结构？ [答]feeling down or lonely 是感到意志消沉或孤独的意思，在这里down是形容词“沮丧的；意志消沉的”的意思。nothing better than 在这里是加强语气，其意为“没有什么比……更好”。 【高考热点归纳与拓展】 [概述]语法重点是动词的-ing形式做主语和宾语，其语法现象我们已经在课文疑难详解中有介绍，而其功能交际项目为“Making offers and requests, 下面我们就作举例说明： （1）提供帮助（offers ） Can (Could, shall) I help you? 我来帮助你好吗？或：你要买什么？ Would you like me to help you with your lessons? 我来帮助你做功课好吗？ Is there anything (else) I can do for you? 有什么(别)的事我能帮你做吗？ Do you want me to help you? 你想要我帮你吗？ What can I  do for you. 我能为你做些什么呢？ Let me do it (carry it ) (for you). 让我来（替你）做（搬）吧。 Would you like some tea? 你想来些茶吗？ Thanks. That would be nice (fine). 谢谢，那太好了。 That's kind of you. 你真好。 Thank you for you help.感谢你的帮助。 Yes, please. 好的，请（干）吧 Here take this (my) bag. 给，请帮忙拿这个（我的）包好吗？ No, thanks (thank you). 不必了，谢谢。 No, thanks (thank you).  I can manage it myself. 你真好。我自己能应付。 [尽管无须你帮忙，但]还是要谢谢你。 That's very kind of you, but Ican manage it myself. 你真好。但我自己能应付。 Want a hand (to carry it) ?要帮忙（拿）吗？ Just what I needed! 我正需要呢！ That's be a big help. Thats a lot. 那真是帮了大忙了。多谢。 （2）请求（Requests) Can (Will, Could, Would) you do it for me? 你能帮我做这件事吗？ Will (Can, Could, Would) you please give me a hand? 请你帮个忙好吗？ May I have you attention? 请注意啦！ Please give me that pen.请给我那只笔。 Please wait (here). 请（在此）等候。 Please wait (a moment). 请等（一下）。 Please wait (for) you turn.请等着轮到你吧。 Please stand in line. 请站队。 Please line up. 请排起队来。 Please hurry.请快点儿。 Make sure that the important papers are all right. 务请保证那些重要的文件的安全。 Make sure of the time and place.把时间、地点弄清楚。 Don't rush (hurry).别急。 No noise, Please. 请勿喧哗。 No smoking, please.请勿吸烟。 [经典解析] 例1.-I must apologize for __ ahead of time. -That's all right. （1994年高考题） A. letting you not know   B. not lettint you know C. letting you know not  D. letting not you know 简析：答案B。非谓语动词的否定式都是在最前边加否定词，只能选B。 例2. How about the two of us __ a walk down the garden? (1993年高考题） A.to take B. take C. taking D.to be taking. 简析：答案C。the two of us 做动名词短语的逻辑主语。 例3.-What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. It's worth___ a second time. (1989年高考题） A. to read B. to be read C. reading D.being read 简析：答案C。“be worth doing "结构中，worth后要用动名词。 例4. I don't regret ___ even if might have upset her. (1988年高考题） A. to tell her what  I thought B. to have told her that I thought C. telling what I thought  D. telling her what I thought 简析：答案D。regret后加动名词，排除A、B。tell需加双宾语才能把事情表述完整，排除C。 【生词详解】 1. confuse vt.搞乱, 使糊涂 We tried to confuse the enemy.我们试图迷惑敌人。 I was confused by all the noise.一片嘈杂声把我弄得昏头昏脑。 [记忆技巧]源自拉丁语con-一起+fundere倒，灌=confuseconfuse v. +vion 变n. =confusion混乱、迷乱；confuse v. +ed 变adj. =confused困惑的，烦恼的 2. avoid n. 目的；计划；意图//vt.避免, 消除；决意，打算 To avoid confusion, the teams wore different colours. 为避免混淆,两队分穿不同颜色的衣服。 Are you trying to avoid me?你是不是想躲开我？ [记忆技巧]源自a-=ex-出去+void空=avoid 3. contact n.接触, 联系vt.接触, 联系 例：Friendly contacts between different peoples facilitate the cultural and economic interchange.各国人民的友好接触促进文化和经济交流。She comes into contact with many people.她和许多人有联系。 She contacted me as soon as she arrived.她一到就和我联系了。 [常用词组] be in contact with和...接触， 有联系［脱离接触， 失去联系］ be out of contact with和...接触， 有联系［脱离接触， 失去联系］ have contact with接触到， 和...有联系 lose contact with和...失去联系，离开 make  contact with和...接触［联系］ 4. disagree vi.不一致, 不适宜 I disagree with you about this.对于这件事我跟你意见不同。 [记忆技巧]dis（不）+agree（同意）=disagree disagree + able =adj. 不愉快的，不为人喜的，厌恶的。 5. ahead adj.&adv.在前, 向前, 提前, 在前面 例：Walk atraight ahead until you reach the river. 一直朝前走到河边。 The road ahead was full of cattle. 前面的路上挤满了牛群。 [记忆技巧]a +head （头）=ahead [常用词组] ahead of 在...之前，超过 get ahead 胜过，超过 6. fold n.折, 羊栏, 折痕, 信徒//vt.折叠, 包, 合拢, 抱住, 笼罩, 调入, 交迭//vi.折叠起来, 彻底失败 fold of the dress衣服的折层 She folded the letter so that it would fit into her bag. 他把信折起来，以便可以装到袋里。 In the army camp the quilts are usually folded in this manner. 在军营中被子通常是这样折叠的。 [常用词组] fold away折迭起来 fold up折叠起来; 崩溃; 倒闭, 破产 fold back(把书页)折过来, 折进去; 向后折叠 7. anger n.怒, 愤怒//v.恼火 Has his anger cooled yet?他息怒了没有? [记忆技巧]anger 来自拉丁语angere掐脖子anger+y注意变化=angry adj. 愤怒的 angrily adv. [常用词组] bluster oneself into anger勃然大怒 dare sb.'s anger不怕惹某人生气 8. vary vt.改变, 变更, 使多样化//vi.变化, 不同, 违反 The temperature -ries from time to time.温度常常变化。 They never vary from the law of nature.他们从不违反自然规律。 [记忆技巧]知道了vary就一定知道various adj. 不同的，多方面的 [常用词组] vary from ...to ...从...到...不等; 在...到...之间变动 vary with随...而变化 9. crazy adj.疯狂的, 狂热的, (指建筑等)不安全的 She's crazy about dancing.她热衷于跳舞。 He's crazy to drive his car so fast.他把车开得这样快，真是疯了。 [记忆技巧]来自中古英语crasen破裂，crazy变 crazily adv. 变craziness n. [常用词组] be crazy about(over)热衷于, 醉心于；爱上, 迷恋着 be crazy for渴望, 痴想/be crazy with (pain)(痛苦)得发狂 drive sb. crazy逼得某人发疯, 害得某人精神失常 10. part n.部分, 局部, 零件, 角色/vt.分开, 分离, 分配//vi.分开, 分手 Part of / A part of the meat was spoilt.一部分肉已经坏了。 Which part do you play?你演哪一个角色? A huge rock parts the stream.一块巨大的岩石使溪水分流。 It's not easy to part with one's children.同自己的子女分离是不容易的。 The friends parted:  Jane went home and Mary went to the library. 两个朋友分别了，简回家，玛丽去图书馆。 [常用词组] play the part of(在戏中)扮演 play a part in(在...中)扮演角色; (在...中)起作用 do one's part尽自己职责, 尽自己一份力量 on one's part在...方面, 就...来说, 由...所做出的 take in good part不被……触怒 11. hughug n.拥抱//vt. 搂；紧靠 例：He gave her a hug.他紧紧拥抱她。 He hugged his daughter.他紧紧拥抱他的女儿。 The boat hugged the coast.船紧靠海岸行驶。 [常用词组] give sb. a big hug[口]紧紧抱住某人 hug oneself at(on) (为...而)深自庆幸, 沾沾自喜 hug oneself for(为...而)深自庆幸, 沾沾自喜 12. bow n.弓, 乐弓, 弓形, 鞠躬, 船首//v.鞠躬, 弯腰 例：The little girl tied the ribbon in a bow.小女孩把饰带打成个蝴蝶结。 I can't agree with you but I bow to your greater experience and knowledge.虽然我不同意你的意见,但我佩服你经验和知识比我丰富。 [记忆技巧]bow+er（人）=bower n. 鞠躬（作揖），点头（表示谢意的）人 [常用词组]take a bow谢幕//bow out退休；告老；辞职；不做（某事） /bow to sb.'s opinion屈从某人的意见 13. palm n.手掌, 棕榈/vt.与...握手 He put the insect on the palm of his hand.他把虫子放在他的手掌心。 Coconutsgrow on palm trees.椰子长在像棕榈的树上。 [常用词组] grease  sb.'s palm买通某人, 向某人行贿 oil sb.'s palm买通某人, 向某人行贿 palm sth. off以某物(假货或劣货)蒙混某人, 骗某人买东西 14. shrug n.耸肩//v.耸肩 She shrugged and said ‘I don't know.’她耸耸肩说“我不知道。” with a shrug of despair表示失望的一耸肩 [常用词组] shrug off耸肩对...表示不理; 一笑置之 shrug one's shoulder耸耸肩膀 15. incredible adj.<口>难以置信的 The film star has an incredible car in addition to a large house. 这个电影明星除了一幢很大的住宅外还有一辆极好的汽车。 [记忆技巧]in（不）+credible（可信的）=incredible 16. retell vt.重讲 例：Would you please retell the text, Jack?杰克，请复述课文好吗？ [记忆技巧]re（再）+tell（告诉）=retell 17. bend[bend]v.弯曲, 专心于, 屈服//n.弯曲 She bent (over) to pick up a book from the floor. 她弯腰从地板上捡起一本书。 The stream bends to the west.这条小河折向西流。 a bend in the road道路的转弯处 [常用词组] round the bend发疯 bend before屈服；顺从 be bent on 决心要, 专心于 bend oneself to专心于, 致力于 bend over弯身作拱形; 俯身靠近; 屈服 18. detail n.细节, 详情/vt.详述, 细说 例：go  into detail详述, 逐一细说 detail sth. (to /for sb. )(向某人）逐项列出 19. occur vi.发生, 出现 例：The accident occurred at five o'clock.事故发生在五点钟。 An idea occurred to me.我想到一个主意。 [记忆技巧]occur(v.)+rence=occurrence n. 事件，事情 [常用词组]occur to sb.浮现在某人的脑海中; 被某人想到 20.focus n.(兴趣活动等的)中心, 焦点, 焦距, [医]病灶, [地](地震的)震源//vi.聚焦, 注视//vt.使集中在焦点上, 定焦点, 调焦 Because of his strange clothes, he immediately became the focus of attention when he entered the office. 他由于服装奇特,一走进办公室便成了大家注意的中心。 You must try to focus your mind on work and study. (喻) 你应该努力把思想集中在工作的学习上。 This photograph looks funny; I think you forgot to focus the camera. 这张照片看上去有些滑稽,我想你是忘了给照相机调焦距了。 [常用词组] in focus焦点对准，清晰 out of focus焦点没有对准，模糊 come into focus(某物)轮廓明显, 清晰; (问题)突出 【易混易错词语辨析】 1.辨析help, aid and assist: help是常用词，意义较aid, assist强，指“积极态度给予各方面的帮助”，强调“受助者得到帮助或好处”，并着重“受助者对帮助者的需要”，如： Please help me arrange these papers. 请帮我整理这些文件。 aid 属较正式用语，强调“帮助受助者脱离困难或危险”，有时意味着“强者援助弱者”，如： They aided flood victims.他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。 assist是正式用语，多指“在提供帮助时，帮助者起次要或起协助作用”， 如：She assisted him in his experiments.她协助他做实验。 2.辨析ask, inquire和question: 都含有“问”、“询问”的意思。 ask是常用词，指“为了了解某人或某事而提出问题，请别人解答或向别人打听消息”，如： Excuse me. May I ask you a question? 请原谅， 我可以问个问题吗？ inquire是较正式的书面用词，含有”渴望知道某人或某事确实情况”的意思,如：He inquired your telephone number.他打听你的电话号码。 question指“对某事不断提出问题，以便了解详细情况”,如： The suspect was questioned by the police.嫌疑犯受到警察审问。 3.辨析anger,rage和fury: 都含有“愤怒”、“生气”的意思。 anger是常用词，强烈的程度不定，有时也可以不露出来，如： Though he felt his anger mounting, he kept perfect control of himself. 虽然他觉得越来越生气，但还是很好地控制住了自己。 rage指“大怒”，强调“愤怒强烈岛爆发而不能控制住”，如： He flew into a rage.他大发雷霆。 fury语气比range强，指“暴怒”，如： In his fury he broke his eyeglasses.盛怒之下，他摔坏了自己的眼镜。 4.辨析see,observe,notice和watch: see有“看”或“看到”的意思，是个通用词，使用范围最广。see的使用范围虽然最广，但作为“看”的含义，不用于祈使句。 Look, he's coming.看，他来了。 Watch him. Don't let him escape. 看看他，别让他逃掉了。 As soon as he saw us, he picked a long pipe which was covered with coins. 他一看到我们就拿起了一颗镶有硬币的长长的管乐器。 observe和notice都有“看到”或“注意到”的意思，但observe强调“留心观察”。 The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another pla