200603铁线莲属研究随记（Ⅵ）

植 物 分 类 学 报 44 (3): 327–339(2006) doi:10.1360/aps040087 Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica http://www.plantsystematics.com ——————————— Received: 22 July 2004 Accepted: 22 August 2004 Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No. 30470126. Notes on the genus Clematis (Ranunculaceae) (VI) WANG Wen-Tsai (State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China) Abstract In this paper, the status of Clematis eriopoda Maxim. and sect. Atragenopsis Boiss. is discussed, and the species status of the former and the sectional status of the latter are recognized; two species (C. wenxianensis W. T. Wang, C. malacoclada W. T. Wang) and one variety (C. hastata Finet & Gagnep. var. micrantha W. T. Wang) are described as new; one species, C. tubulosa Turcz., which has been erroneously relegated into the synonymy under C. heracleifolia DC. by Fang and Wang for a long time, is reinstated; C. heracleifolia var. ichangensis Rehd. & Wils. is transferred to C. tubulosa, and a new combination, C. tubulosa var. ichangensis (Rehd. & Wils.) W. T. Wang, is made; the fruit description of C. glabrifolia K. Sun & M. S. Yan is given for the first time. Key words Clematis, new taxa, taxonomic status, Clematis eriopoda, sect. Atragenopsis, reinstatement, Clematis tubulosa, new combination, Clematis heracleifolia var. ichangensis, fruit description, Clematis glabrifolia. Clematis L. Sect. 1. Cheiropsis DC. Subsect. 1. Hastatae (W. T. Wang) W. T. Wang 1. Clematis hastata Finet & Gagnep. var. micrantha W. T. Wang, var. nov. Type: China. Shaanxi (陕西): Hanzhong (汉中), Nanliugou (南柳沟), alt. 700 m, fl. pink, 1959-03-17, P. Y. Li 1072 (holotype, WUK). 小花戟状铁线莲 Fig. 2: C, D A var. hastata differt floribus minoribus circ. 1.6 cm diam., sepalis minoribus 8–9 mm longis 2.5–3 mm latis extus velutinis. This new variety differs from var. hastata in its smaller flowers ca. 1.6 cm in diam., with sepals 8–9 mm long, 2.5–3 mm broad, and outside densely velutinous. In var. hastata, an endemic in northern Sichuan Province, the flowers are larger, 2.5–4 cm in diam., with sepals 1–2.2 cm long, 0.4–1 cm broad, outside densely appressed-puberulous (Wang, 2002). 2. Clematis glabrifolia K. Sun & M. S. Yan in Bull. Bot. Res. Harbin 12: 327, pl. 3, figs. 1–6. 1992; Grey-Wilson, Clematis 79. 2000; W. T. Wang & Barth. in Fl. China 6: 345. 2001; W. T. Wang in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 40: 230, fig. 10: 4, 5. 2002. Type: China. Gansu (甘肃): Wen Xian (文县), Fanba (范坝), 1988-03-27, X. D. Wang & K. Sun 251 (holotype, NWNU!; isotype, PE!). 光叶铁线莲 Ad descriptionem originalem addenda, acheniis adhuc ignotis: Achenia complanata, late ovata, 3–3.2 mm longa, 3.2–3.5 mm lata, sericeo-puberula, margine prominula, stylis persistentibus 2.8–3.6 cm longis albo-plumosis. Achenes flattened, broadly ovate, 3–3.2×3.2–3.5 mm, sericeous-puberulous, margin slightly prominent; persistent styles 2.8–3.6 cm long, white-plumose. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Vol. 44 328 Specimen examined. China. Gansu (甘肃): Wen Xian (文县), Fanba (范坝), 1964-04-08, T. P. Wang 18907 (WUK). In 1992, C. glabrifolia was described on the basis of a flowering gathering collected from Fanba, Wen Xian, Gansu Province, and till now the fruits of this species has been unknown. Recently, from the specimens borrowed from WUK I found out a fruiting specimen of this species, collected from the type locality of C. glabrifolia by the late Professor Wang Tso-Pin in 1964. On the basis of this specimen the description of the fruits is given as above. Subsect. 2. Cirrhosae Prantl. 3. Clematis eriopoda Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb. 22: 223. 1876; Kuntze in Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 26: 165. 1885; Huth in Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5: 1064. 1897; Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 8: 332. 1897; Matsumura, Ind. Pl. Japon. 2: 110. 1912; Makino & Tanaka, Man. Fl. Nippon 192. 1927; Ohwi, Fl. Japan 514. 1956, in Japanese; et Fl. Japan 442. 1965, in English; Ohwi & Kitagawa, New Fl. Japan 681. 1992, in Japanese.——C. eriopoda var. normalis Kuntze in l.c. Type: “Hab. in Japonia, unde specimen cultum attulit ex itinere primod. Siebold” (holotype, LE!). Fig. 1 Woody vine. Hornotinous branch subterete or inconspicuously 6-angulate, shallowly 6-sulcate, sparsely appressed-puberulous. Leaves opposite; leaf blade thickly papery, triangular or deltoid in outline, 2–4×1.4–2.4 cm, 3-sect, primary segments slenderly stalked, terminal primary segments also 3-sect, secondary segments ovate in outline subsessile or shortly stalked, 2–3-sect or 2–3-parted, ultimate lobes linear-lanceolate or linear, 1.5–5 mm broad, apex slightly obtuse, margin 1–2-dentate or entire, on both surfaces very sparsely puberulous; petioles 1.4–1.9 cm long. Cyme 1-flowered; peduncle ca. 6 cm long; bracts opposite, petiolate, petiole ca. 1 cm long, blade rhombic-ovate, ca. 2.2 cm long, base cuneate, margin serrate above the middle. Flower ca. 2 cm in diam.; pedicel ca. 9 mm long, velutinous. Sepals 4, erect, oblong-elliptic, ca. 20×8 mm, inside glabrous, outside densely appressed sericeous-pubescent, but on the very margin glabrous, apex slightly obtuse. Stamens numerous, ca. 12 mm long, glabrous; filaments narrowly linear; anthers narrowly oblong, ca. 2.5 mm long, apex obtuse. Carpels numerous; ovaries densely pubescent; styles ca. 11 mm long, densely villous. ? S Europe. Known only from the holotype. In 1876, on the basis of a single flowering specimen, Siebold s.n., collected from a plant cultivated in Japan, Maximowicz described Clematis eriopoda Maxim. He correctly placed this new species under sect. Cheiropsis, and correctly pointed out that it is more or less related to C. balearica Rich. (C. cirrhosa L. var. balearica (Rich.) Willk.—Wang, 2002) in habit and floral structure. In his monograph of Clematis, Kuntze (1885) placed C. eriopoda under sect. 2. Scandentes perulatae, and incorrectly pointed out that C. eriopoda is related to C. tibetana Kuntze (a member of sect. Meclatis (Spach) Baillon) and C. pseudoorientalis Kuntze (a synonym of C. ispahanica Boiss., a member of sect. Clematis subsect. Angustifoliae Tamura —Wang, 2003). In the morphological description given by him, Kuntze erroneously described the stamen filaments as pilose, and he erroneously transferred C. orientalis L. var. wilfordii Maxim. (a synonym of C. serratifolia Rehd., a member of sect. Meclatis) to C. eriopoda as its variety. From what just mentioned, it can be seen that Kuntze entirely overlooked the statements about the systematic position and the relationship of C. eriopoda given by Maximowicz. In Prantl’s classification of Clematis (1888), C. eriopoda was not included, but it has been recorded in several checklists of the Japanese plants or of the Japanese Clematis (e.g. Huth, 1897; Makino, 1897; Matsumura, 1912) and included in the floristic works of Japan published by Ohwi (1956, 1965) and Ohwi & Kitagawa (1992), who indicated that this species is obscure to them. This species was not mentioned in the two accounts of the Japanese No. 3 WANG Wen-Tsai: Notes on the genus Clematis (Ranunculaceae) (VI) 329 Clematis written by Kitamura & Murata (1980) and by Tamura (1982) respectively, and in the two revisions of the genus Clematis published recently by Johnson (1997) and by Grey-Wilson (2000) respectively. Fig. 1. Photograph of the holotype of Clematis eriopoda Maxim. (Siebold s.n., LE). Photographed by L. Q. LI. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Vol. 44 330 Fig. 2. A, B, Clematis wenxianensis W. T. Wang. A, flowering branch; B, stamen. Drawn from T. P. Wang 19097. C, D, C. hastata Finet & Gagnep. var. micrantha W. T. Wang. C, flowering branch; D, stamen. Drawn from P. Y. Li 1072. No. 3 WANG Wen-Tsai: Notes on the genus Clematis (Ranunculaceae) (VI) 331 Recently, I examined the photograph of the holotype (Fig. 1) and the original description of C. eriopoda, and agreed with Maximowicz in that C. eriopoda is really a close ally of C. balearica Rich. (C. cirrhosa L. var. balearica (Rich.) Willk.), an endemic of southwestern Europe (Wang, 2002). Clematis eriopoda differs from C. balearica mainly in its cyme with two free, petiolate, ovate bracts. In view of the close relationship between the two plants, it may be assumed that C. eriopoda should be a native of southern Europe rather than Japan, and that this rare, curious species may be rediscovered in southern Europe. Sect. 2. Clematis subsect. Rectae Prantl. 4. Clematis wenxianensis W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Type: China. Gansu (甘肃): Wen Xian (文县), Baimayu (白马峪), alt. 1000 m, roadside, fl. white, 1964-04-30, T. P. Wang 19097 (holotype, WUK). 文县铁线莲 Fig. 2: A, B Ob structuram floralem species nova haec ad sect. Clematidem subsect. Rectas Prantl pertinens et fortasse affinis C. obscurae Maxim., quae plantis totis siccitate nigrescentibus, ramis hornotinis vadose 6–10-sulcatis, cymis 1–3(–5)-floris haud paniculiformibus distinguitur. Liana lignosa. Rami hornotini subteretes, vadose 14-sulcati, sparsissime puberuli, ad nodos dense pubescentes. Folia opposita, bipinnata; pinnae 2-jugatae, remotae, graciliter stipitatae; foliola papyracea, anguste ovata, anguste elliptica, vel ovata, 1.2–3 cm longa, 0.4–1.6 cm lata, apice acuta, basi late cuneata, margine integra, plerumque indivisa, interdum inaequaliter 2-partita, supra sparse puberula vel subglabra, subtus ad costas sparse pilosa, nervis basalibus 3 fere planis vel prominulis; petioli circ. 1.8 cm longi, sparse pubescentes. Cymae axillares, 7–9-florae, paniculiformes; pedunculi 5–6.5 cm longi, subglabri vel prope apicem puberuli; bracteae graciliter petiolatae, ternatae, foliolis terminalibus majoribus late lanceolatis 2–2.8 cm longis, eis lateralibus anguste ellipticis vel anguste ovatis 0.8–1.5 cm longis. Flos 2.8–3.2 cm diam.; pedicellus 3.5–6.5 cm longus, glaber. Sepala 4–6, patentia, alba, tenuiter papyracea, obovato-oblonga vel oblonga, 15–20 mm longa, 4–5.2 mm lata, apice apiculata, intus glabra, extus ad marginem tantum velutina, alibi glabra. Stamina numerosa, 5–8 mm longa, glabra, filamentis linearibus 1–4 mm longis, antheris linearibus vel late linearibus 4–4.6 mm longis apice obtusis. Carpella 7–10, circ. 6 mm longa, ovariis puberulis, stylis circ. 5 mm longis dense villosis. Woody vine. Hornotinous branches subterete, shallowly 14-sulcate, very sparsely puberulous, on nodes densely pubescent. Leaves opposite, bipinnate; pinnae 2 pairs, remote, with slender stalks; leaflets papery, narrowly ovate, narrowly elliptic, or ovate, 1.2–3×0.4–1.6 cm, apex acute, base broadly cuneate, margin usually undivided, sometimes unequally 2-parted, adaxially sparsely puberulous or subglabrous, abaxially on midrib sparsely pilose, basal veins 3, nearly flat or slightly prominent; petioles circ. 1.8 cm long, sparsely pubescent. Cymes axillary, 7–9-flowered, panicle-like; peduncles 5–6.5 cm long, subglabrous or near apex puberulous; bracts slenderly petiolate, ternate, terminal leaflets larger, broadly lanceolate, 2–2.8 cm long, lateral leaflets narrowly elliptic or narrowly ovate, 0.8–1.5 cm long. Flower 2.8–3.2 cm in diam.; pedicel 3.5–6.5 cm long, glabrous. Sepals 4–6, spreading, white, thinly papery, obovate-oblong or oblong, 15–20×4–5.2 mm, apex apiculate, inside glabrous, outside on margin velutinous, elsewhere glabrous. Stamens numerous, 5–8 mm long, glabrous; filaments linear, 1–4 mm long; anthers linear or broadly linear, 4–4.6 mm long, apex obtuse. Carpels 7–10, ca. 6 mm long; ovaries puberulous; styles ca. 5 mm long, densely villous. Fl. Apr.–May. China (S Gansu). On hill slope; alt. 1000 m. From the floral structure, this new species should belong to sect. Clematis subsect. Rectae Prantl, and may be related to C. obscura Maxim, but differs in the plant not turning black Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Vol. 44 332 when dry, the 14-sulcate hornotinous branches, and the axillary 7–9-flowered panicle-like cymes. In C. obscura, the entire plant turns black when dry, the hornotinous branches are 6–10-sulcate, and the axillary cymes are 1–3(–5)-flowered and not panicle-like (Wang, 2003). Sect. 3. Aspidanthera Spach subsect. Dioicae (Prantl) W. T. Wang 5. Clematis malacoclada W. T. Wang, sp. nov. Type: Mexico. Puerto de El Aire, 10 km al Sureste de Joya Fria, municipio de Victorio, alt. 2000 m, bosque de pino, ladera de cerro, arbusto trepador, flores blancas, 1989-06-08, E. Ventura & E. Lopez 6769 (holotype, MO). Fig. 3 Affinis C. thalictroidi Steud., quae foliolis majoribus usque ad 10(–14) cm longis 7(–12) cm latis subtus pilis 0.8–1 mm longis tectis, inflorescentiarum nodis superioribus umbellatis 4–7-floris differt. Liana lignosa, dioica. Rami hornotini 2.2–2.8 mm crassi, 6-angulati, vadose 6-sulcati, pilis subpatentibus 0.6–0.8 mm longis et adpressis 0.1–0.3 mm longis intermixtis dense pubescentes et puberuli vel velutini. Folia opposita, (4–)5-foliolatim pinnata; foliola tenuiter papyracea, anguste ovata vel elliptico-ovata, 4–6.5 cm longa, 1.5–2.5 cm lata, apice acuminata vel longe acuminata, basi rotundata, margine utrinsecus 1–3-dentata vel uno latere integra, supra adpresse pubescentia, subtus dense adpresseque sericeo-puberula, pilis 0.1–0.6 mm longis, nervis basalibus leviter prominulis; petioli 3–5.5 cm longi, cum foliorum rhachidibus dense puberuli. Inflorenscentiae staminatae axillares et terminales, multiflorae, paniculiformes, nodis haud umbellatis; pedunculi 3–4 cm longi, dense puberuli; bracteae subulatae, 4–5 mm longae, dense puberulae. Flos staminatus juvenilis 3 mm diam.; pedicellus 2–3 mm longus, dense puberulus; sepala 4, oblongo-elliptica, intus ad nervos basales tres adpresse puberula, extus dense adpresseque puberula, ad marginem velutina; stamina circ. 32, sepalis leviter breviora, glabra, filamentis linearibus, antheris oblongis apice obtusis. Inflorescentia pistillata terminalis multiflora, paniculiformis, nodis haud umbellatis; bracteae foliaceae. Flos pistillatus circ. 1.4 cm diam.; pedicellus 8–12 mm longus, dense puberulus; sepala 4, alba, anguste obovato-oblonga, circ. 7 mm longa, 2–2.2 mm lata, apice leviter acuta vel obtusa, intus sparse puberula, extus dense adpresseque puberula, ad marginem velutina; staminodia 30–40, 5.5–7 mm long, glabra, antheris sterilibus oblongis circ. 0.8 mm longis; carpella 14–24, circ. 6 mm longa, ovariis dense pubescentibus, stylis circ. 5.5 mm longis dense villosis. Woody vine, dioecious. Hornotinous branches 2.2–2.8 mm thick, 6-angulate, densely pubescent and puberulous, or velutinous, with spreading hairs 0.6–0.8 mm long and appressed ones 0.1–0.3 mm long. Leaves opposite, pinnate, (4–)5-foliolate; leaflets thinly papery, narrowly ovate or elliptic-ovate, 4–6.5×1.5–2.5 cm, apex acuminate or long acuminate, base rounded, margin 1–3-dentate per side or at one side entire, adaxially appressed-pubescent, abaxially densely appressed-sericeous-puberulous, basal veins slightly prominent; petioles 3–5.5 cm long, with leaf rachis densely puberulous. Staminate inflorescences axillary and terminal, many-flowered, panicle-like, nodes not umbellate; peduncles 3–4 cm long, densely puberulous; bracts subulate, 4–5 mm long, densely puberulous. Staminate flower (still very young) 3 mm in diam.; pedicel 2–3 mm long, densely puberulous; sepals 4, oblong-elliptic, inside on 3 basal veins appressed-puberulous, outside densely appressed-puberulous, on margin velutinous; stamens ca. 32, slightly shorter than sepals, glabrous, filaments linear, anthers oblong, apex obtuse. Pistillate inflorescence terminal, many-flowered, panicle-like, nodes not umbellate; bracts leaf-like. Pistillate flower ca. 1.4 cm in diam.; pedicel 8–12 mm long, densely puberulous; sepals 4, white, narrowly obovate-oblong, ca. 7×2–2.2 mm, apex slightly acute or obtuse, inside sparsely puberulous, outside densely appressed-puberulous, on margin velutinous; staminodes 30–40, 5.5–7 mm long, glabrous, sterile anthers oblong, ca. 0.8 mm long; carpels 14–24, ca. 6 mm long, ovaries pubescent, styles ca. 5.5 mm long, densely villous. Fl. Jun. No. 3 WANG Wen-Tsai: Notes on the genus Clematis (Ranunculaceae) (VI) 333 Fig. 3. Clematis malacoclada W. T. Wang. A, staminate flowering branch; B, young staminate flower; C, pistillate flowering branch; D, sepal outside of pistillate flower; E, staminode. Drawn from Ventura & Lopez 6769. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica Vol. 44 334 Mexico. In pine forest on hill slope; alt. 2000 m. This new species is related to C. thalictroides Steud., but differs in its smaller leaflets with short hairs on abaxial surface, and in its not umbellate inflorescence nodes. In C. thalictroides, the leaflets are larger, up to 10(–14) cm long, 7(–12) cm broad, abaxially covered with hairs 0.8–1 mm long, and the upper nodes of inflorescence are umbellately 4–7-flowered (Wang, 2004). Sect. 4. Tubulosae Decne. Recently, after examining the herbarium material and the original descriptions of Clematis heracleifolia DC., C. tubulosa Turcz., and C. heracleifolia DC. var. ichangensis Rehd. & Wils., I realized that Handel-Mazzetti (1939) had incorrectly referred some specimens of C. heracleifolia var. ichangensis and perhaps C. tubulosa to C. heracleifolia, and that I (Anonymous, 1972) had misidentified the specimens of C. tubulosa also as C. heracleifolia, and that Fang (1980) and Wang & Bartholomew (2001) all erroneously relegated C. tubulosa and C. heracleifolia var. ichangensis into the synonymy under C. heracleifolia. In fact, C. heracleifolia is easily distinguished from C. tubulosa by having more or less slender, longer (1.2–3.4 cm) and densely puberulous pedicels, sepals not differentiated into upper and lower two parts, and tricolpate pollen (Xie, 2005). In C. tubulosa, the pedicels are robust, shorter (0.3–2 cm long), and densely velutinous, the sepals are differentiated into upper elliptic limb-like parts and lower linear claw-like parts, and the pollen is pantoporate (Zhang, 1987*). From the remarkable differences between the two species just mentioned, C. tubulosa should be reinstated. Clematis heracleifolia var. ichangensis described from western Hubei and southern Shaanxi seems really closely related to C. tubulosa, in having fasciculate flowers and robust, short, and densely velutinous pedicels, but differs only in its narrowly obovate-oblong sepals. (Unfortunately, the pollen morphology of C. heracleifolia var. ichangensis has not yet been reported.) As such, this variety is transferred to C. tubulosa from C. heracleifolia, and a new combination is made as follows. 6. Clematis tubulosa Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 10 (7): 148. 1837; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersb. 22: 214. 1876; Kitagawa in J. Jap. Bot. 13: 356. 1937; et Lineam. Pl. Mansh. 219. 1939; Liou et al., Clav. Pl. Chinae Bor.-Or. 78, pl. 13, fig. 4. 1959; M. Johnson, Klematis 277. 1997; Grey-Wilson, Clematis 192. 2000.——C. heracleifolia DC. ssp. normalis Kuntze var. tubulosa (Turcz.) Kuntze in Verh. Bot. Ver. Brand. 26: 183. 1885. Type: “China boreali”, Kirilow s.n. (holotype, LE!). C. davidiana Decne. ex Verlot in Rev. Hort. 90. 1867, cum icon.; Decne. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2, 4: 204, pl. 10. 1881.——C. tubulosa Turcz. var. davidiana (Decne. ex Verlot) Franch., Pl. David. 1: 13. 1882.——C. heracleifolia ssp. davidiana (Decne. ex Verlot) Kuntze in l.c.; Anonymous in Fl. Pl. Herb. Chinae Bor.-Or. 3: 175, pl. 76, figs. 5, 6. 1975, ut var.——C. heracleifolia var. davidiana (Decne. ex Verlot) Forb. & Hemsl. in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 4. 1886. Type: China. Beijing (北京): Without precise locality, 1863, David 417 (syntype, P!). C. heracleifolia auct. non DC.: Anonymous in Icon