口译常用缩写

一． 缩写词: Abbreviations in Note taking Use only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.   1．Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S   =   sum f   =   frequency   Leave out periods in standard abbreviations. cf   =   compare e.g.   =   example dept   =   department   Use only the first syllable of a word. pol   =   politics dem   =   democracy lib   =   liberal cap   =   capitalism   Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable. pres   =   presentation subj   =   subject ind   =   individual cons   =   conservative   Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc   =   associate biol   =   biology info   =   information ach   =   achievement chem   =   chemistry max   =   maximum intro  =   introduction conc   =   concentration min   =   minimum rep   =   repetition   Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd   =   prepared prblm   =   problem estmt   =   estimate bkgd   =   background gvt   =   government   Use an apostrophe in place of letters. am't   =   amount cont'd   =   continued gov't   =   government educat'l   =   educational   Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s. chpts   =   chapters egs   =   examples fs   =   frequencies intros   =   introductions   Use g to represent ing endings. ckg   =   checking estg   =   establishing decrg   =   decreasing exptg   =   experimenting   Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.   Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.   Leave out unimportant words. Leave out the words a and the.   If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.   Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words. &   =   and w/   =   with w/o   =   without vs   =   against    =   therefore =    =   is or equal 2. Use technical symbols where applicable. zb   =   German, for example ibid   =   Latin, the same work o   =   degrees H2O   =   water   More reference: Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples: + plus // parallel Use standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples: eg example IT dept Information Technology department UK United Kingdom Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples: mar marketing cus customer cli client Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subject budg budget ind individual To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples: tech'gy technology gen'ion generalisation del'y delivery Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associated ach achievement info information Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples: bkgd background mvmt movement prblm problem Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples: custs customers fs frequencies /s ratios Use 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples: decrg decreasing ckg checking estblg establishing Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples: in but as key Leave out unimportant verbs. Examples: is was were Leave out unnecessary articles. Examples: a an the If a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACB Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples: @ at 2 to 4 for & and w/ with w/o without vs against Create your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects. Other Symbols and Abbreviations as a result of / consequences of <---> resulting in ---> and / also + equal to / same as = following ff most importantly * less than < greater than > especially esp. 二．缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。 缩略词的写法一般为四种方式： F拿掉所有元音 MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive F保留前几个字母 INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O F保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WK week RM room PL people F根据发音 R are THO though THRU through 高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表 缩略词 原词 APT Apartment ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT Accept AD Advertisement ADS Address ADV Advice AMAP As much/many as possible AMT Amount APV Approve ASAP As soon as possible BAL Balance BLDG Building CERT Certificate CFM Conform CNCL Cancel CNF Conference CMI Commission CMP Complete CMPE Compete/competitive CMU Communication CONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND Condition CO. Company DEPT Department DISC Discount DPT Departure EXCH Exchange EXPLN Explain EXT Extent FLT Flight FNT Final FRT Freight FYR For your reference GD Good GUAR Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP(T) Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST Interested I/O In stead of IOU I owe you IVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL Model MEMO Memorandum MGR Manger MIN Minimum MKT Market MSG Message NCRY Necessary NLT No later than OBS Observe OBT Obtain ORD Ordinary PAT Patent PC Piece PKG Packing PL People PLS Please POSN Position POSS(BL) Possible PROD Product QLTY Quality QUTY Quantity RCV Receive REF Reference REGL Regular REP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON Responsible SEC Section SITN Situation STD Standard TEL Telephone TEMP Temporary TGM Telegraph THO Though TKS Thanks TRD Trade TRF Traffic TTL Total U You UR Your WK Week WL Will WT Weight XL Extra large   三．字母、图像 Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。 C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示为 CZ P 表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician就可以表示为 PZ E 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect.  E 数学符号表示总值。 G 表示效率：efficient, effective。G为效率符号。 Q 表示"通货膨胀"：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。 A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。 B 表示商业：business。 C× 表示冲突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。 W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker,而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。 i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。 U U 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示 合同 劳动合同范本免费下载装修合同范本免费下载租赁合同免费下载房屋买卖合同下载劳务合同范本下载 、 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 （treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。如果在U内填入2××××，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）, 填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个"/"××××表示谈判破裂。