ul2054_ENG

Intertek User || Downloaded On : 12/7/2009 12:30:16 AM || Email Address : intertek@ intertek.com || {4b17f475-b432-4428-8fec-ee9a525a5575} || ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL 2054 Household and Commercial Batteries Intertek User || Downloaded On : 12/7/2009 12:30:16 AM || Email Address : intertek@ intertek.com || {4b17f475-b432-4428-8fec-ee9a525a5575} || ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL Intertek User || Downloaded On : 12/7/2009 12:30:16 AM || Email Address : intertek@ intertek.com || {4b17f475-b432-4428-8fec-ee9a525a5575} || ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL Standard for Safety for Household and Commercial Batteries, UL 2054 Second Edition, Dated October 29, 2004 Summary of Topics The revisions dated November 11, 2009 have been issued to incorporate the following: Replaced “Component Cell” with “Cell” throughout the standard. Revision to 2.1.1 and deletion of 2.1.2 and 2.1.3 to remove “User Replaceable” for Secondary Lithium Cells. Addition of “Enclosure” definition as new 3.14.1; Revised 3.8 to clarify the definition of “Casing”; deletion of 3.16, the definition for “Jacket”. Revisions and additions to Section 4 related to Battery Construction. Editorial changes to 6.3. Revisions and additions to the Short-Circuit Test, Section 9. Revisions to the Abnormal Charging Test, Section 10. Revisions and additions to the Abusive Overcharge Test, Section 11. Revisions to the Forced-Discharge Test, Section 12. Clarification of Limited Power, revisions to Section 13. Addition of the Battery Pack Component Temperature Test as new Section 13A; Addition of the Battery Pack Surface Temperature Test as new Section 13B. Revised criteria for the Crush Test, 14.2. Revised conversion to SI units and inclusion of tolerances in 15.2. Inclusion of tests to evaluate Battery Pack Metallic Enclosures, revisions to 18.2. Revisions and additions to the Mold Stress Release Test, Section 20. Revisions to 21.1 and 21.5 for Drop Impact Testing for Low Temperatures. Clarification of Battery Storage Temperature in 24.1. Revisions and additions to Markings and Instruction, Section 25. Addition of Appendix A and Component language as 2.4 – 2.4.4. Text that has been changed in any manner or impacted by UL’s electronic publishing system is marked with a vertical line in the margin. Changes in requirements are marked with a vertical line in the margin and are followed by an effective date note indicating the date of publication or the date on which the changed requirement becomes effective. NOVEMBER 11, 2009 − UL 2054 tr1 Intertek User || Downloaded On : 12/7/2009 12:30:16 AM || Email Address : intertek@ intertek.com || {4b17f475-b432-4428-8fec-ee9a525a5575} || ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL The revised requirements are substantially in accordance with Proposal(s) on this subject dated November 4, 2008 and May 22, 2009. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior permission of UL. UL provides this Standard ″as is″ without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any purpose. In no event will UL be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, indirect or similar damages, including loss of profits, lost savings, loss of data, or any other damages arising out of the use of or the inability to use this Standard, even if UL or an authorized UL representative has been advised of the possibility of such damage. In no event shall UL’s liability for any damage ever exceed the price paid for this Standard, regardless of the form of the claim. Users of the electronic versions of UL’s Standards for Safety agree to defend, indemnify, and hold UL harmless from and against any loss, expense, liability, damage, claim, or judgment (including reasonable attorney’s fees) resulting from any error or deviation introduced while purchaser is storing an electronic Standard on the purchaser’s computer system. The requirements in this Standard are now in effect, except for those paragraphs, sections, tables, figures, and/or other elements of the Standard having future effective dates as indicated in the note following the affected item. The prior text for requirements that have been revised and that have a future effective date are located after the Standard, and are preceded by a ″SUPERSEDED REQUIREMENTS″ notice. The following table lists the future effective dates with the corresponding reference. Future Effective Date Reference November 11, 2011 Paragraphs 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.4, 2.4.1, 2.4.2, 2.4.3, 2.4.4, 3.8, 3.14.1, 3.16, 4.1, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.1.4, 4.1.5, 4.2.1, 4.3, 4.3.1, 4.3.2, 4.4, 4.4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.7, 9.8, 9.9, 9.10, 9.12, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.9, 10.9.1, 10.11, 10.12, 10.13, 11.2, 11.3, 11.5, 12.2, 12.3, 12.6, 12.7, 13.2, 13.6, 14.2, 15.2, 18.2, 19.3, 20.1, 20.2, 20.2.1,20.3, 21.1, 21.5, 23.3, 24.1, 25.1, 25.3, 25.3.1, 25.4, 25.6, Sections 13A, 13B, Tables 6.1, 6.2, and13.1. NOVEMBER 11, 2009 − UL 2054tr2 Intertek User || Downloaded On : 12/7/2009 12:30:16 AM || Email Address : intertek@ intertek.com || {4b17f475-b432-4428-8fec-ee9a525a5575} || ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL OCTOBER 29, 2004 (Title Page Reprinted: November 11, 2009) 1 UL 2054 Standard for Household and Commercial Batteries First Edition – May, 1997 Second Edition October 29, 2004 Comments or proposals for revisions on any part of the Standard may be submitted to UL at any time. Proposals should be submitted via a Proposal Request in UL’s On-Line Collaborative Standards Development System (CSDS) at http://csds.ul.com. UL’s Standards for Safety are copyrighted by UL. Neither a printed nor electronic copy of a Standard should be altered in any way. All of UL’s Standards and all copyrights, ownerships, and rights regarding those Standards shall remain the sole and exclusive property of UL. COPYRIGHT © 2009 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. Intertek User || Downloaded On : 12/7/2009 12:30:16 AM || Email Address : intertek@ intertek.com || {4b17f475-b432-4428-8fec-ee9a525a5575} || ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL NOVEMBER 11, 2009HOUSEHOLD AND COMMERCIAL BATTERIES - UL 20542 No Text on This Page Intertek User || Downloaded On : 12/7/2009 12:30:16 AM || Email Address : intertek@ intertek.com || {4b17f475-b432-4428-8fec-ee9a525a5575} || ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 2 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 2.1 Lithium cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 2.2 Units of measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 2.3 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 2.4 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 3 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 CONSTRUCTION 4 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 4.1 Casing and Enclosure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 4.2 Electrolyte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 4.3 External battery pack connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 4.4 Printed wiring boards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 PERFORMANCE 5 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 6 Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 7 Important Test Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10A 8 Temperature Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10B ELECTRICAL TESTS 9 Short-Circuit Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10B 10 Abnormal Charging Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 11 Abusive Overcharge Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 12 Forced-Discharge Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 13 Limited Power Source Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 13A Battery Pack Component Temperature Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16A 13B Battery Pack Surface Temperature Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16B MECHANICAL TESTS 14 Crush Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16C 15 Impact Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16D 16 Shock Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 17 Vibration Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 BATTERY ENCLOSURE TESTS 18 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 19 250 N Steady Force Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 20 Mold Stress Relief Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 21 Drop Impact Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 NOVEMBER 11, 2009 HOUSEHOLD AND COMMERCIAL BATTERIES - UL 2054 3 Intertek User || Downloaded On : 12/7/2009 12:30:16 AM || Email Address : intertek@ intertek.com || {4b17f475-b432-4428-8fec-ee9a525a5575} || ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL FIRE EXPOSURE TESTS 22 Projectile Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS 23 Heating Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 24 Temperature Cycling Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 MARKING AND INSTRUCTIONS 25 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 APPENDIX A Standards for Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A1 NOVEMBER 11, 2009HOUSEHOLD AND COMMERCIAL BATTERIES - UL 20544 Intertek User || Downloaded On : 12/7/2009 12:30:16 AM || Email Address : intertek@ intertek.com || {4b17f475-b432-4428-8fec-ee9a525a5575} || ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 1.1 These requirements cover portable primary (nonrechargeable) and secondary (rechargeable) batteries for use as power sources in products. These batteries consist of either a single electrochemical cell or two or more cells connected in series, parallel, or both, that convert chemical energy into electrical energy by chemical reaction. 1.2 These requirements are intended to reduce the risk of fire or explosion when batteries are used in a product. The proper use of these batteries in a particular application is dependent on their use in a complete product that complies with the requirements applicable to such a product. 1.3 These requirements are intended to cover batteries for general use and do not include the combination of the battery and the host product which are covered by requirements in the host product standard. 1.4 These requirements are also intended to reduce the risk of injury to persons due to fire or explosion when batteries are removed from a product to be transported, stored, or discarded. 1.5 These requirements do not cover the toxicity risk that results from the ingestion of a battery or its contents, nor the risk of injury to persons that occurs if a battery is cut open to provide access to its contents. 2 General 2.1 Lithium cells 2.1.1 In lieu of the requirements outlined in Table 6.1 cells constructed of lithium metal, lithium alloy or lithium ion, that are used in batteries, shall meet the requirements in the Standard for Lithium Batteries, UL 1642. Revised 2.1.1 effective November 11, 2011 2.1.2 Deleted effective November 11, 2011 2.1.3 Deleted effective November 11, 2011 NOVEMBER 11, 2009 HOUSEHOLD AND COMMERCIAL BATTERIES - UL 2054 5 Intertek User || Downloaded On : 12/7/2009 12:30:16 AM || Email Address : intertek@ intertek.com || {4b17f475-b432-4428-8fec-ee9a525a5575} || ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 2.2 Units of measurement 2.2.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory or approximate information. 2.3 Terminology 2.3.1 The term ″battery(ies)″ shall refer to single or multicell batteries. 2.4 Components Added 2.4 effective November 11, 2011 2.4.1 Except as indicated in 2.4.2, a component of a product covered by this standard shall comply with the requirements for the component. See Appendix A for a list of standards covering components used in the products covered by this standard. Added 2.4.1 effective November 11, 2011 2.4.2 A component is not required to comply with a specific requirement that: a) Involves a feature or characteristic not required in the application of the component in the product covered by this standard, or b) Is superseded by a requirement in this standard. Added 2.4.2 effective November 11, 2011 2.4.3 A component shall be used in accordance with its rating established for the intended conditions of use. Added 2.4.3 effective November 11, 2011 2.4.4 Specific components are incomplete in construction features or restricted in performance capabilities. Such components are intended for use only under limited conditions, such as certain temperatures not exceeding specified limits, and shall be used only under those specific conditions. Added 2.4.4 effective November 11, 2011 3 Glossary 3.1 For the purpose of these requirements the following definitions apply. 3.2 BATTERY – General term for (1) any single cell, or (2) a group of cells connected together either in a series and/or parallel configuration. May be ready for use or may be an installed component. 3.3 BATTERY PACK – A battery which is ready for use, contained in a supplemental rigid enclosure, with or without protective devices. 3.4 BATTERY, PRIMARY – A battery that can only be discharged once. It is not designed to be electrically recharged and must be protected from a charging current. 3.5 BATTERY, SECONDARY – A battery that is intended to be discharged and recharged many times in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. 3.6 C5 AMP RATE – The current, in amperes, that a cell or battery can be discharged at for 5 hours to the voltage cutoff point specified by the manufacturer. NOVEMBER 11, 2009HOUSEHOLD AND COMMERCIAL BATTERIES - UL 20546 Intertek User || Downloaded On : 12/7/2009 12:30:16 AM || Email Address : intertek@ intertek.com || {4b17f475-b432-4428-8fec-ee9a525a5575} || ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL – NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 3.7 CAPACITY, RATED – The capacity, in ampere-hours, of a cell or battery determined under specified load, temperature and voltage conditions and declared by the manufacturer. 3.8 CASING – The outer rigid can or flexible pouch of an individual cell or of a single cell standardized (i.e. AA, C, D, etc.) battery that contains the internal components of that cell or single cell standardized battery. Revised 3.8 effective November 11, 2011 3.9 CELL, COMPONENT – The basic functional electrochemical unit containing an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, container, terminals, and usually separators, that is a source of electrical energy by direct conversion of chemical energy. May be ready for use or may be provided as component of battery pack. 3.10 COMPONENT, CURRENT-LIMITING – Any component employed to limit current during abnormal conditions. Current-limiting components include resistors, fuses, or PTC thermistor type devices. 3.11 COMPONENT, TEMPERATURE-LIMITING – Any component used to limit temperature during abnormal conditions. Temperature-Limiting Components include thermal protectors and thermal cutoffs. 3.12 CURRENT, ABNORMAL CHARGING – Also called overcharge current for secondary cells; maximum rated charging current to a cell or battery under fault condition. 3.13 DISCHARGE, FORCED – Subsequent discharge of one fully discharged cell in each parallel string by connecting in series with fresh cells of the same kind so as to drive the cell into polarity reversal. 3.14 DISCHARGED, FULLY – A condition of battery energy potential representing depletion of 100% of its rated capacity (for primary cell or battery) or depletion to its e