中医英语课后答案

中医英语课后答案3、4、8、9课后练习答案第三课一．术语翻译1.philosophicalconcept2.mutualtransformation3.balanceofyinandyang4.transformationbetweenyinandyang5.extremecoldturningintoheat6.pathologicalchanges7.absolutepredominance8.generalruleofpathogenesis9.supplementingwhatitlacksof10.eliminatingwindanddispersingcold11.mutuallyinhibitingandpromoting12.mutuallyinhibitingandrestraining13.interdependence14.excessofyinleadingtodeclineofyang15.contraryandsupplementarytoeachother16.organicwhole17.impairmentofyanginvolvingyin18.deficiencyofbothyinandyang19.deficiencycoldsyndrome20.suppressingyangandeliminatingwind一．句子翻译1.YinandyangaretwoconceptsinclassicalChinesephilosophy.2.Yinandyangarethesummarizationoftheattributesoftwooppositeaspectsofinterrelatedthingsorphenomenainnature.3.Theformation,developmentandchangesofallthingsintheuniversearetheresultofthemovementofyinandyangthatopposetoeachotherandunitewitheachother.4.Thecelestialqipertainstoyangbecauseitislightandlucid,whiletheterrestrialqipertainstoyinbecauseitisheavyandturbid.5.Thecourseofmutualrestraintandinhibitionbetweenyinandyangsignifiestheirprogressinmutualreductionandpromotion.6.Yincannotexistalonewithoutyangandviceversa.7.Separationofyinandyangresultsinexhaustionofessence.8.Onlythroughconstantreduction,growthandbalancecanthenormaldevelopmentofthingsbemaintained.9.Undergivenconditions,eitheryinoryangmaytransformintoitscounterpart.10.Sproutofthingssignifiestransformationwhileextremedevelopmentofthingsindicateschange.11.Yinandyangareindispensablethehumanbody.12.Functionspertaintoyangwhilesubstancestoyin.13.Ifyinandyangfailtopromoteeachotherandarethusseparatedfromeachother,itwillleadtotheendoflife.14.Nomatterhowcomplicatedpathologicalchangesofadiseaseare,theyarenothingmorethanrelativepredominanceofyinoryang.15.Theso-calledhealthyqireferstothestructureandfunctionsofthebody,includingbodyresistanceagainstdiseases.16.Ifanypartofthebody,eitheryinoryang,becomesdeficienttoacertainextent,itwillinevitablyleadtoinsufficiencyoftheotherpart.17.Imbalancebetweenyinandyangistheintrinsicfactorresponsiblefortheoccurrenceandprogressofadisease.18.Themanifestationsofcomplexioncantellwhetheradiseasepertainstoyinoryanginnature.19.Thebasictherapeuticprincipleistosupplementinsufficiencyandreduceexcess.20.Onlywhenappropriateherbsarechosencanexcellenttherapeuticeffectsbeensured.第四课一．术语翻译1.thedoctrineoffiveelements;thetheoryoffivephases2.freedevelopment3.tobegeneratedandtogenerate4.restraintingeneration5.Woodischaracterizedbygrowingfreelyandperipherally.6.Earthischaracterizedbycultivationandreaping.7.Waterischaracterizedbymoisteninganddownwardflowing.8.overrestrictionandcounter-restriction9.Woodoverrestrictsearthbecauseitisdeficient.10.promotion,restriction,inhibitionandtransformation11.disorderofamother-organinvolvingitschild-organ12.insufficiencyofessenceandbloodintheliverandkidney13.blooddeficiencyintheheartandliver14.exuberantfireintheheart15.insufficiencyofliveryin16.declinationofkidneyyang17.weaknessofthespleenandstomach18.soothingtheliverandharmonizingthestomach19.insufficiencyofkidneyyin20.balancebetweenwaterandfire二．句子翻译1.Wood,fire,earth,metalandwaterarethefivemostessentialmaterialsindispensabletohumanexistence.2.TheformationofthetheoreticalsystemofTCMwasdeeplyinfluencedbythedoctrineoffiveelements.3.Waterischaracterizedbymoisteninganddownwardflow.4.Theliverpertainstowoodbecauseitcontrolselevation.5.Thespleenpertainstoearthbecauseitcontrolstransportationandtransformation.6.Thekidneypertainstowaterbecauseitcontrolswatermetabolism.7.Restrictionimpliesthatonethingbringsundercontrolorrestraintoftheother.8.Sincewoodgeneratesfire,woodisthegeneratoroffire;sincefiregeneratesearth,fireisthegeneratorofearth.9.Subjugationoroverrestrictionmeanstolaunchaviolentattackwhenacounterpartisweak.10.Whenwoodistoostrong,itwilloverrestrictthespleenandcounter-restrictmetal.11.Sincetheheartcanwarmthebody,itpertainstofire.12.Theliverstoresbloodtocomplementtheliver.13.Thekidneystoresessencetonourishbloodintheliver.14.Theideathatthedisorderofachild-organattacksthemother-organsmeansthatthediseaseistransmittedfromachild-organtoitsmother-organ.15.Thehumanbodyisanorganicwhole.Sodisordersoftheinternalorganscanbemanifestedoverthesurfaceofthebody.16.Restrictionincludesoverrestrictionandcounter-restriction,bothofwhichareabnormalrestrictionamongthefiveelements.17.Thebasicrelationshipsamongthefiveelementsaregeneration,restriction,overrestrictionandcounter-restriction.18.Theonethatgeneratesisthemother-elementwhiletheonethatisbeinggeneratedisthechild-element.19.Clinicallythedoctrineoffiveelementsisusedtodecidetherapeuticprinciplesandmethods.20.Thedoctrineoffiveelementsobviouslyhascertainlimitationsandisstillinneedoffurtherimprovement.第八课一．术语翻译1.innateness2.nutrients;refinedsubstance3.bloodcirculation4.watermetabolism5.wayofqimovement6.ascending,descending,exitingandenteringmovementsofqi7.normalfunctionofqiactivity8.primarymotiveforceoflife9.warmingandnourishingtheviscera10.qiofthevisceraandmeridians11.qiactivity12.qitransformation13.innateqi14.acquiredqi15.healthyqi16.pathogenicfactors17.primordialqi18.thoracicqi19.nutritiveqi20.defensiveqi二．句子翻译1.Qiisthemostessentialsubstancetoconstitutethebody.2.Qiinthebodyisderivedfrominnateqithatistransformedfromthekidneyessenceinheritingfromtheparents,andacquiredqifrombothfoodnutrientsthataretransformedbythespleenandstomachandfreshairthatisinhaledbythelung.3.Theinnateessencedependstheessentialqistoredinthekidneytotakeseffect.4.Thenutrientsfromwaterandfoodaretransformedandabsorbedthroughthefunctionofthespleenandstomachintransportationandtransformation.5.Qiisasortofrefinedsubstancewithpowerfulactivity.6.BodytemperatureismaintainedwiththewarmingfunctionofQi.7.Intermsofitsdefensivefunction,qimainlyprotectsthewholebodyandpreventsexogenouspathogenicfactorsfrominvadingthebody.8.Qipreventsbloodandbodyfluidfromlosing.9.Failureofqitocontrolbloodmayleadtovariouskindsofbleeding.10.Qitransformationreferstochangescausedbyqimovement.11.Qiflowsallthroughthebodytopromoteandstimulatevariousphysiologicalfunctionsofthebody.12.Theorgansandtissueslikevisceraandmeridiansarealltheplaceswhereqiascendsanddescendsaswellasexitsfromandentersintothebody.13.Ifqistopsascending,descending,exitingandentering,itwillleadtoanendoflifeactivities.14.Theprimordialqiisthemostessentialandimportantqiandistheprimarymotiveforceoflife.15.Innateweaknessorimpropercareafterbirthorprolongedillnesswillleadtodeficiencyanddeclineoftheprimordialqi,andconsequentlycausingvariousdiseases.16.Thethoracicqiisaccumulatedinthechestandfunctionstoinvigoratetheheartandregulateheartrateandtherhythmofheartbeat.17.Thenutritiveqicomesfromthenutrientstransformedfromwaterandfoodbythespleenandstomach.18.Thenutritiveqiisdistributedinthebloodvesselsandflowstothewholebodyaspartoftheblood.19.Thedefensiveqiflowsoutsidethebloodvesselswithstrongforceandhighspeed.20.Thenutritiveqipertainstoyinbecauseitmaintainsinsidethebodywhilethedefensiveqipertainstoyangbecauseitgovernsthesurfaceofthebody.第九课一．术语翻译1.qipromotingtheproductionofblood2.qipromotingtheflowofblood3.qicommandingblood4.bloodcarryingqi5.bloodgeneratingqi6.qipromotingtheproductionofbodyfluid7.qipromotingtheflowofbodyfluid8.qicommandingbodyfluid9.bodyfluidcarryingqi10.bodyfluidgeneratingqi11.bodyfluidandbloodsharingthesameorigin12.exhaustionofqiduetolossofbodyfluid13.exhaustionofqiduetohemorrhage14.lossofqiduetoprofusesweating15.Normalflowofqiensuresnormalflowofbloodwhilestagnationofqicausesstagnationofblood.16.Qicommandsthebloodandthebloodcarriesqi.17.Normalflowofqiensuresnormalflowofbodyfluidwhilestagnationofqicausesstagnationofbodyfluid.18.nourishingqitostopcollapse19.Sweatingtherapyshouldbenotbeusedtotreatpatientssufferingfromhemorrhage.20.Sweatingtherapyshouldnotbeusedtotreathemorrhage.二．句子翻译1.Qi,bloodandbodyfluidarethebasicsubstancesformaintaininglifeactivities.2.Sinceqipertainstoyangbecauseitisactiveinnaturewhilethebloodpertainstoyinbecauseitisstaticinnature,therelationshipbetweenqiandthebloodcanbeunderstoodaccordingtotherelationshipbetweenyinandyang.3.Theproductionofblooddependsontheqitransformingactivitiesofseveralviscera.4.Theideathatqicommandsthebloodmeansthatqigovernsthebloodandkeepsittoflowinsidethevessels.5.Thebloodandbodyfluiddependoneachotherandtransformintoeachotherphysiologicallyandinfluenceeachotherpathologically.6.Boththebloodandbodyfluid,pertainingyininnatureascomparedwithqi,areliquidsubstancesthatnourishandmoistenthebody.7.Thespleenandstomachplayanimportantroleintheproductionofbodyfluid.8.Thebloodiscomposedoffluidandnutritiveqi.Thatiswhyfluidisanimportantpartoftheblood.9.Themetabolismofbodyfluidischaracterizedbyopeningandlosingactivitiesunderthepromotionandtransformationofqi.10.Thebodydischargesfluidthroughurinationandsweating.11.Thebodyfluidtransformsintoqi,themechanismofwhichisthesameasthatofthebloodingeneratingqi.12.Pathologicallyexcessiveconsumptionofbodyfluidandprofusefluidoozingfromthevesselswillleadtoemptinessofthevessels.13.Sweatingtherapycannotbeusedtotreatpatientswithdeficiencyofbloodandinsufficiencyofbodyfluidbecauseprofusesweatingwillfurtherconsumebodyfluid.14.Thebloodandbodyfluidnotonlydependoneachotherandtransformintoeachother,butalsosharethesamesourceofproduction.Thatistosaythattheyallcomefromthenutrientsofwaterandfood.15.Metabolismoffluiddependsonqitopromoteandtransform.16.Thestateandflowofqiinfluencethemovementofbodyfluid.17.Clinicallyherbsforsupplementingqiareoftenusedtogetherwithotheronestotreatpatientswithblooddeficiency.18.Theproduction,distributionanddischargeofbodyfluiddependonthelung,spleen,kidneyandtripleenergizertotransformqi.19.Ifqifailstocommandbodyfluidbecauseofdeficiency,itwillleadtoabnormaldischargeofurineandsweatingwiththemanifestationsofincontinenceofurine,enuresisandprofusesweating,etc.20.Qicanpromotetheproductionandflowofthebloodandcommandtheblood.Thatiswhyitissaidthat“qiisthecommanderoftheblood”.