英语学习 职业安全健康

英语学习职业安全健康OccupationalhealthandsafetyObjectives1.Understandthecontextforoccupationalhealthandsafety(OHS)inAustralia.2.UnderstandthemajorfeaturesofthelegislativecontextforOHS.3.IdentifyOHSimplicationsofanageingworkforce.4.IdentifythebasicfeaturesofanOHSmanagementsystem.5.Understandtheconceptofa憇afetyculture?.6.Discusstherelationshipofhumanresourcemanagement(HRM)andOHS.DefiningoccupationalhealthandsafetyThephysical,physiologicalandpsychosocialconditionsofanorganisation抯workforce,relatedtoaspectsofworkandtheworkcontext.PromotionofOHSintheworkplaceProvisionofsafeworksystemsPreventionofindustrialinjuriesanddiseaseProtectionofthehealthandsafetyofthepublicinrelationtoworkactivitiesSpecificationofpenaltiesforbreachesoftheActsRehabilitationandmaximumrecoveryfromincapacityforinjuredworkersWorkerscompensationandrehabilitationlegislationVocationalrehabilitationOHSregulationCodesofpracticeandnationalstandardsIndustrialrelationsRecentresearchshowsthatsimpleconclusionswithregardtotherelationshipsbetweenOHSandagearenotpossible.Itisnecessarytoconsidertheworkplacecontext,influentialfactors,anddifferentialimpactsandoutcomesrelatedtoOHSforolderworkers.Numerousmisconceptionshaveledtoagediscriminationintheworkplace.Althougholderworkersaresometimesperceivedasslower,lessflexible,pronetoillnessandaccidents,moreresistanttochangeanduninterestedintraining,thereisresearchevidencethatcontradictstheseperceptions.ThemanagementofoccupationalhealthandsafetyOHSmanagementsystems:Organisationalpolicyandprogramsthatcovertheplanning,implementation,evaluationandimprovementofOHSinanorganisation.OHSpolicy.Awrittenstatementapprovedbytopmanagement,typicallyaccompaniedbyasetofOHSprograms,rulesandinstructions,thatidentifiesOHSaccountabilitiesandsetsoutthewaysinwhichOHScompliancewillbemet.OHSprogram.AplandesignedforpolicyimplementationthatidentifiestheOHSprocedures,practicesandpeoplenecessarytoreachpolicyobjectives.SafetyclimateandcultureSafetyclimate:Theattitudes,beliefs,perceptionsandvaluesthatemployersandemployeesshareinrelationtosafety梚tisasubsetofculture.Safetyculture:Resultsfromindividualandgroupvalues,attitudes,perceptions,competenciesandbehavioursthatdeterminethecommitmentto,andthestyleandeffectivenessof,anorganisation抯OHSmanagement.Safetyculturesincludeawarenessoffactorssuchas:OHSpracticesandproceduresmanagementofriskworkpressurescommunicationofOHSissuesintheworkplaceimportanceofOHSintrainingandperformanceappraisalmanagement/supervisoryattitudestowardsOHSsafetyofequipmentandfacilitiesmanagement/supervisoryactionsinresponsetoOHSissuesemployeeunderstandingofOHSpoliciesandproceduresemployeeparticipationinactivitiesrelatedtoOHSElementsofoccupationalhealthandsafetymanagementsystemsOrganisation,responsibilityandaccountabilityConsultativearrangementsSpecificOHSprogramelements,suchas:OHSrulesandprocedurestrainingprogramsworkplaceinspectionsincidentreportingandinvestigationstatementofprinciplesforhazardpreventionandcontroldatacollection,analysisandrecordkeepingOHSpromotionandinformationprovisionemergencyproceduresmedicalandfirst-aidfacilitiesandproceduresOccupationalhealthandsafetyauditingAsystematicexaminationagainstestablishedcriteria,conductedregularlytoidentifydeviationsfromtheOHSmanagementsystemanddeterminewhetherthesedeviationscancompromisehealth,safetyandproductivity.IdentificationofstandardsAllocationofresourcesIdentificationandcommunicationofjobhazardsHazardevaluationandimplementationofOHSprogramsAnalysisandevaluationofresultsOHSprogramandworkplaceimprovementHRMstrategiesforoccupationalhealthandsafetyStructuralstrategiesJobdesignHealthpromotion,traininganddevelopmentprogramsDiversitymanagementRewardmanagementSummaryOHSstrategiesandpracticescancontributetothecompetitiveadvantageoftheorganisation.ComponentsofanOHSprogramshouldbeintegratedwiththeoverallstrategiesandpracticesoftheorganisation.assessmenttask3-quiz22012Question8WhatarethebenefitsofcommunicatingresultsofOHSsystemevaluationstostakeholders?ThebenefitsofcommunicatingresultsofOHSsystemevaluationstostakeholdersare:toreducerisks,toensurebusinessworkinginorder,toobtainbetterreputationsandtogainmoremoney…Question9List3strategiesthatanorganisationcouldusetocommunicatewithitsemployeesregardingOHSmatters.1.ProvideinformationtotheworkgroupsaboutOHSpoliciesandprocedures2.MonitorparticipativearrangementsandmeetingsforthemanagementofOHS3.Organizeproceduresandidentifyhazardsandassessandcontrols.4.organise OHSpolicies,proceduresandplanning.Question10Yourteamisconcernedthattheyhaveinsufficientknowledge/understandingofsafetyproceduresandlegislativerequirementsinyourworkplace. Theyalsofeelthattheincidenceofaccidentsinyoursectionishigherthanitshouldbe. Theyhaveaskedyoutosubmit,toseniormanagement,aproposalforaformalOHStrainingprogram.List5piecesofdataorinformationthatyouwouldgathertosupportyourproposal:1.FirstAidregistered2.Accidenceandincidencereports3.Trainingandcompetency4.Drugsalcoholuseandabusecontrol5.PresentationsatToolbox,morning,communicationsandmanagement meetings.Question11Inductionprogramsintroducenewworkerstotheirworkplaceandprovidevaluableinformationabouttheorganisationspoliciesandprocedures. List5piecesofOHSinformationthatmustbecontainedinaninductionprogram?1.NewworkerinductionprogramsmustincludeOHSinformationrelevanttothenewemployeesjobspecification2.Safetyprocedures,measuresandrequirementscanbeupdatedthroughin-housetraining,orthroughtrainingdeliveredbyexpertconsultants3.Employeesmustbeacknowledgeforgoodworkhealthandsafetypractice4.Safetyincentiveprogramsmustbedesignedtopromoteenthusiasmaboutcompany`ssafetyefforts5.-HandbooksshouldincludeOHSrequirementsQuestion12Listfivereasonsthatinductiontrainingshouldbefollowedupwithanongoingprogram.1.Formalworkshopsandworkplacetrainingsupporters.2.Ongoingrefreshercoursesandskillsshouldupdatebecauseeverythingisrenewingforwardsaswell.3.Presentationsattoolbox,morning,communicationsandmanagementmeetings4.Coachmentoringandperformsystems.5.Everyoneshouldensurethemselfhealthandnodrugsandalcohol.Question13WhenevaluatingOHStrainingprogramsyouareattemptingtomeasurethenewlearningofparticipantstoshowthatitcontributestoworkefficiency,andjustifiesthecostoutlay. Howcanyoudeterminetheappropriatenessandeffectivenessofthetraining? List5processesthatyouwouldconsiderinyourevaluationprocess.1.Workbooks,firstregisteredabutOHS2.Uniforms,equipments3.Trainingproceduresandpolicy,controlmanagement4.Insurance,environment. OrganisetheOHSpolicies,proceduresandprogramsandidentifyhazards5.Riskmanagement,monitoring,reviewandidentifytherisksontimeandsolvethedangersbeforetheyarehappened.Question14Whatarehazardreportsandwhyaretheyimportant?Spokenorwrittenaccountsofhazardreportsareimportant,becausewecanbeawarerisks,hazardsinallaspectandsowecanreduceaccidencesandincidencesoccur.Question15Riskmanagementisacriticalpartofaproactiveorganisation’sstrategytoprovideasafeworkplace. Whatdoesriskmanagemententail? Theriskmanagementshavetheresponsibilitiestoentailorensureworkers’safe,identifythehazardsanddangersandreducerisks.Question16CompletetheRiskMatrixbelow:ConsequencesLikelihood1Insignificant2Minor3Moderate4Major5CatastrophicAAlmostCertainHighHighExtremeExtremeExtremeBLikelyMediumHighHighExtremeExtremeCPossibleLowMediumHighExtremeExtremeDUnlikelyLowLowMediumHighExtremeERareLowLowMediumHighHighQuestion17Ahazardhasbeenassessedasbeingunlikely,butwouldhavemajorconsequences. WhereontheRiskMatrixtablewouldthishazardappear?4DWhatwouldthehazardmeantotheorganisation?Adangerorriskmaybeahazardforthecompanies.Canbelosthugeofmoney,lostworks,losttheirgoodreputationandmaymakethebusinesswillbebroken.Question18CompletetheHierarchyofControlA  EliminationB  substitutionC  EngineeringD  AdministrationE  PersonalProtectiveEquipmentQuestion19Circlethemostappropriateanswer:Priortoimplementationofriskcontrolsyoushould1.  Assessthepotentialeffectivenessandinterrelatedconsequences2.  Nominaterealisticandacceptabletimeframesandensurethatdeadlinesareadheredto3.  Consultwithemployees4.  Communicateproposedcontrolstoaffectedemployees -specifictrainingprogramsdesigned,revisionofstandardoperatingprocedures5.  AlloftheaboveStudentName:  XuejiWang  Signanddate:   18/062010    Status: COM/MER/NYC  AssessorSignanddate:Question20Name3OHSrecordsthatmustbekeptbyeveryorganisation.1.Firstregistered.2.Aidsystems.3.trainingsQuestion21WhyisitimportanttokeepOHSrecords?BecausetherecordsofOHSareveryimportantforreviewingandrememberingpeoplethatsafeisextremeimportantforeveryone,toreducehazardsandpreventtherisks.Ensurebusinessesworkinginawellway.Question22WhyisitimportanttoprovideinformationtoworkgroupsontherelevantOHSlegislation,theorganisation’sOHSpolicies,proceduresandprograms,andanyidentifiedhazardsandtheircontrol?BecauseprovidinginformationistoprovidetheknowledgetoworkgroupsaboutOHS,OHSpolicies,proceduresandtheyneedthattoreducehazardsandkeepthemhealth,Sothatareveryimportant.Thenationaldataset(NOHSCAustralia,2004)collectionrequirementsrevolvearoundrates,theseareallexpressedasanumberofcasespermillionhoursworkedbywageandsalaryearners.MatchthefollowingRatewiththedefinition.Rate DefinitionFrequencyRate(FR) Theaveragetimelostperinjuryordisease.IncidenceRate(IR) Numberofoccurrencesofinjuryorillness.SeverityRate(SR) ThenumberofoccurrencesofanoccupationalinjuryordiseaseQuestion23Youareupdatingtheorganisationsemployeehandbook,whatOHSproceduresandpoliciesneedtobeincludedinthehandbook?”Thenewlaws,advancedorganisations,OHSpoliciesandproceduresprograms... newknowledgeaboutOHS.Question24“HowwouldyouensurethatallemployeesareawareofanyalterationsorupdatestotheorganisationsOHSPoliciesandprocedures?”ActionPlanning,training,practising,encouragingandgavethematesttoensureeveryoneisincompetency.