新概念三册笔记整理

新概念三册笔记整理 spot(做动词时候） = see:强调结果、辨别出、看见、识别、发现。 find 强调发现的结果。 find out 查出事实的真相。 discover 做出重大的发现 notice 注意到 observe 观察 watch 观察活动中的人或物 on the spot 1,===at once. 2,at the place of the action 在现场 wherever she is needed , she is quickly on the spot. in evidence:显而易见. accumulate 强调积累的过程 gather 聚集，把某人召集在某处 collect 收集，采集 assemble 集合，集会， 装配 hoard 大量地贮存 The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter. amass 积聚（主要用于诗歌和文学作品） feel obliged to do sth.感觉有必要做某事 be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事 run after 强调追赶、追求. seek 追寻（梦想，理想）===pursue chase 追赶. be cornered ………被逼得走投无路 常用于被动语态： The thief was cornered at last The problem cornered me trail==follow 跟踪 convinced sb. of sth   使sb相信sth sb be convicned sb相信 somewhat ==a little at large 1:逃遁的，没有被控制的。 2,详细的(in detail) 3，总体来讲（as a whole） (An idea)…come to sb.某人突然想到了…… take sth. seriously==deal with sth. seriously 严肃对待某事 take sth. lightly:   草率对待某事 声称曾经作过某事： claim to have done sth in the possession of sb==in sb's possession 归某人所有 in possession of sth.   拥有某物 take possession of     拥有 It is disturbing to think that 一想到………就心里不安 in a trap 落入陷阱中 no more than ====== only equal: A equal B :None of us can equal her, either in beauty or as a dancer. be equal to + n: 有能力做某事 to- 介词 recognized sb as 认出某人是 whatever: ever 用来坚强语气 get used to , be used to do get前调渐进的过程，be强调习惯了的状态 In   1, 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 达惊奇，恐惧，失望或生气等感情色彩的名词搭配连用   in surprise; in astonishment;in alarm; in embarrassment; in   amazement;in despair; in dismay; in anger; indisappointment   2,表达以、用； 用于语言，书写材料，色彩或声音等方面   in English; in pencil; in ink ; in a few words; in such a high   voice; in oil; in red; in code   3,用于状态、情况或处境   in trouble; in difficulty; in bed; in a hurry; in debt; in love       with sb; in tears; in good order; in good repair; in good health;   in por health. in the bad mood; in the good mood; in haste;   in a favor of excitement; in poverty; in luxury run a shop 经营商店 joined at the hip 表示交情极厚的 Eg: There two are joined at the hip shoot from the hip 信口开河 Eg: Sorry,i said that i shouldn't have shot from the hip ……date from ……（风俗，习惯）从……开始 happen to do 强调事情的偶然发生 Eg: I happen to have dirven that kind of car It happens that…… Eg: It happens that i met her on my way to work happen on 巧遇，偶然发现 E.g.: I happened on this old picture in the back of the drawer.   Guess, who I happened on while i was in London last month? turn out 表明结果 turn out ( to be) + n/adj. Eg: Our part turned out (to be) a success   the concert turned out to be failure. It turned out that………… 原来是(表示结果) Eg: It turned out that the diamond had been in the bank all the time. as it turns out 人们后来发现 Eg: As it turns out, there was not need to worry.   As it turns out, the report was mistaken. so far,up to now 都是现在完成时的标志 beforhand:(a.) 事先== in advance. at this distance of/in time : 时隔已久 Eg: I can hardly remember him at the distance of time far more money far--副词，用来强调语气==much in the case of: 至于，就……而言 Eg: Stealing is no shame in the case of him. in case of: 万一，以防 Eg: You should ensure your house in case of fire in a simple way: 简单的，简朴的 Eg: She was always dressed in a simple way.   go to extreme (to do)走极端 Eg: He went to extreme to say that the play was the best one. journalist (杂志) 新闻记者 reproter   (电视台) 记者 correspondent (电台)记者，通讯员 sack(俚语) 解雇，辞退 Eg: If you do it wrong again you will be sacked. instruct sb. to do sth ==tell sb. formally to do sth. 正式告诉某人做某事 refuse:   拒绝（态度严厉） decline:   婉言谢绝 repudiate: 断然拒绝 set out to do sth.==decide and try to do 决定，打算，着手做=set about doing Ega: He set out to make his first 1,000,000 in 5 years 倒装简述： not only 位于句首，必须采用倒装形式 否定副词位于句首，要倒装。   Never have i read such stories.   Nowhere can he find the book he wants   Hardly did I think it possible. 常用的否定副词：never,seledom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,nowhere,           no sooner 含有only的状语位于句首，句子要倒装   Only then did he realize that he had made a mistake.   Only when a great deal more information has been obtained will it be   possible to plan a trip. 还有not的副词短语位于句首，要倒装。   not for a moment, not in the least , not for an instant,not until   NOt in the least is he interested in Englsh literrature.   Not for an instant did i believe he had lied. 含有no的短语位于句首，也要倒装。   at no tim, in no way, in no sence, by no means, in no case, on no   account, on no condition , under no circumstances.   Under no circumstances can we accpet the check.   On no account must you leave the baby in the house. so,suh位于句首，句子也要倒装。 smash into： 撞到某处 catch:   get hold of sth./sb. moving snatch:   catch sth./sb suddenly and violently seize:   强调抓住、抓到的结果 grasp:   强调“掌握” hold:   强调抓牢，抓紧 grab:     seize suddenly on the background of sth. 以什么为背景 挡住了某人的道路 in sb's way mutilate 经常用于被动语态 1，毁伤，残害。   He was mutilated in he accdient, and now has only one leg. 2, 把…搞砸了   You've already mutilated the novel by making such changes. chew the fat: 聊天 chewed up： 着急的，担心的 Don't get chewed up about your exmaination. whiter than white====damaged, mutilated.损坏，残缺不全 make a claim 提出索求 pay back 1, 把钱归还回去 pay money back 2, 报仇，报复   pay somebody back Now that：既然 用做时间连接词时，后面通常跟完成式 Now that you have left university, you have to find a job. 用做原因连接词时，后面时态不限。 Now that you won't help me, I must do the job myself. quite the opposite 恰恰相反 whenever==if ever whenever(if ever) you pour oil on water, it floats. be fascinated with被…迷住了，被…吸引住了 submit oneself to sb/sth屈服于，顺从于 nver fail to do 双重否定＝＝肯定 If you aks for help in the polite way, you never fail to succeed. If you receive requests like this, you'll never fail to accept. 常用的双重否定结构（加强语气） 1，never fail to, can't fail to, don't fail to , 否定词+fail to 2, 否定的形容词之前加以否定 unreasonable-> not unreasonable Eg: What he said is not unreasonable. 3,not + without Eg: You can't obtain english without working hard. 4,no+not Eg: There is no cat that doesn't like fish.   There is nothing that he can't do. have learned to:学会了，习惯了 Eg: Children have learned to expect that their parents are very able be suspicious of sb.对…表示怀疑，存有戒心 be based on基于事实基础上的 base sth on 把某事加强在什么基础之上 Eg: We base the theory on the fact.   The theory is based on fact. make a study of sth对…作出研究 die of 死于（疾病…） ，自然的死亡用of die from 死于 (非自然的死亡） suffer from 遭受…痛苦 be likely to do有可能如何，强调可能性 In cold winter, we are likely ot catch a cold. during在……期间(时间较短) Eg: during our holiday; during the week through侧重强调从空间穿过 Eg: through the crowd 穿过人群; through the door throughout their lives贯穿始终 even so 虽然如此 although 让步，虽然，但是 in spite of 尽管,只用来连接名词，动名词或代词 moreover更有甚者 He is very tired, even so he keeps studing English hard. colossal 庞大的 large in size,强调物体的雄伟庞大 Eg: A ship Titanic was colossal.   a colossal monument; big 大并且很重 Eg: You give me a big surprise.   The box is big.   large 体积大，数量大(但并不指重量大) Eg: an empty large box   a large number of people great 伟大 vast 辽阔，广阔 Eg: vast desert immense: immeasurable 无法衡量的，无边无际的 Eg: an immense stadium; enormous重点突出数量，程度，体积；强调程度时， 语意强于big Eg: He made a big success/ He made an enormous success. giant 巨大的，高大的，巨人 gigantic像巨人一样高大 tremendous: big, fast,powerful，侧重体积大，速度快，力量大。 Eg: The plane is travelling at tremendous speed. tatanic用于修饰人和物，体积大，力量大 huge强调体积大,数量大 in flood河水泛滥;引申表示连续不断 Eg: During the rains, the river is in flood. in a flood of words滔滔不绝的 Eg: She blamed her husband in a flood of words on seeing him. tragic 悲惨的 miserable 苦难的 bitter 痛苦的 in tragedy以悲惨的形式 comedy喜剧，comic喜剧的，滑稽的，comical古怪的，可笑的（贬义） voyage海上航行，flight飞行，journey长途行程 naviation航海，航海术 Eg: The voyage is more than the old lady can bear. collide (with)碰撞，抵触 Eg:The plane collided with the moutain. crash v.坠毁 Eg: It's said that there is an airplane that crashed in the mountain. conflict 和sb/sth相抵触 Eg: My idea conflicts with yours clash vi.相冲突 Eg: His wedding clashed with my examination,so I couldn't go. tremble 有规律的，小幅度的抖动 Eg: Look, your hands are trembling, what's wrong with you? shiver 强调由于寒冷、恐惧而一连串的抖动 Eg: I found he's shivering in a cold. shudder vi. 强调全身的颤栗 Eg: The boy is shuddering, why? Because he was frightened. sail for航海去往某处 set out(off) for 出发去往某处 by regulation依据规则 by rules依据条例 by our estimate依据我们的估计 by one's looks/by one's appearance根据某人的长相 according to依据（事实，客观存在的现实）=in accordance with(后者更加正式） regard sb./sth as +(n/pron./adj/doing/done) 把…看作为 to one's horror使某人感到惊骇，惊恐 in next to no time====at once,immediately on a sudden impulse:凭一时的冲动 hardened有经验的（侧重于老练的） experienced 有经验的（侧重于经验丰富的） gain confidence 获得信心的 take sb into one's confidence 以某人为心腹 在运用形容词，动词时，往往需要用副词来强调 表示“真正的”     ---really 强调“特别的，尤其是”---particularly 强调“绝对的”     ---absolutely 强调“完全的，彻底的”---completely,entirely,fully,thoroughly 强调“特别，特别是” －－extremly fairly---强调“一般般” very ---语气程度“非常” rather---语意程度接近fairly,可以跟too连用，rather too. quite --－quite right/wrong/mistaken/sure look sb in the eye/ look sb. in the face/ stare sb. in the eye ===look directly at sb. 直视某人，两眼直盯盯的注视某人 with great care---强调相当的仔细 in a mess: 乱作一团 介词in和名词搭配，表示一种状态 秩序井然： in good order 身体健康： in good health 心情好：   in a good mood 脾气好：   in a good temper light up:喜气洋洋，容光焕发 Eg: Masha's face lit up when she saw her old friend.   His face lighted up at the small triumph.   Tom really lighted up when he saw the new bike. light有两种过去分词，过去式形式：lit, lighted 但是如果运用过去分词作定语，表示被点燃的。要用lighted 一只被点燃的雪茄：a lighted cigar 点燃的火炬：     a lighted stick. 介词短语－－with delight “欣喜若狂的” with和抽象名词搭配，表示内心充满了一种感情 自信地： with confidence 细心地： with care 骄傲的： with pride 欣喜若狂的：with delight 惊讶的：   with surprise pounce on:向…猛扑过去，对…大做文章 Eg: The policeman pounced on the thief.   Don't pounce on my mistake. as sb. mentioned 正如…所提及的 Would you kindly do sth. please? opportunity of/ to do golden opportunity绝佳的机会 opportunity knocks only once千载难逢的机会 form an unrealistic picture of sth. 对…抱有不切实际的幻想 imagine sth to be/ imagine sth. as quite the opposite: 恰恰相反 if only要比 wish 更富有戏剧性和感情色彩 load with 把…装载到…上 Eg: The workers are loading the truck with goods. hardly any: very little/few Eg: Hardly anybody likes him becaues he is so rude.   You hardly eat anything, what's wrong? prove to be===turn out to be fend for oneself: 独立的照料某人 after--介词，其后要和名词，动名词搭配 Eg: After rowing a few miles across the Caribbean, they arrived at a small coral island. consist of--由…组成（表示被动概念）==be made up of ==comprise ===be composed of Eg: Our class consist of 100 students. constitue--强调由部分构成整体 comprise---整体由部分组成 be composed of---强调由什么成分所组成 Eg: G.B. and Northern Ireland constitue the United Kingdom. influential:有潜移默化影响力的 Eg: What our parents do is influential to children. efficacious: (医药)有效的，灵验的 Eg: The drug is efficacious. flee:(vt.)(vi.)(总称)泛泛强调逃离危险的境地 Eg: The people fled in panic when the bull got loose. escape:逃出监狱，逃出牢笼 Eg: He was able to escape from the house.   I am sorry your name escaped me. not/never too……to：并不太…所以能够 Eg:One is never too old to learn 活到老，学到老   The question is not too difficult for me to answer. 如果在副词too前all,but,only, 不定式to的概念也是肯定的 Eg: They are all too satisfied to work with you.   I am only too glad to have someone to speak to.   He was but too eager to get home. fancy-dress party==constume party 化装舞会 be impatient (eager,anxious) to do sth.急于要做某事，迫不及待 更焦急的情况用desperate( be desperate to do sth),口语中用can't wait.(can't wait to do sth) “需要……” 被动概念，用need,want和动名词形式直接搭配 Eg: The dictionary is worth buying. 介词under可以表达被动的意味 Eg: The house is under construction.   The puma is under contol.   The thief is under areest.   if ever---ever用语条件句，表示任何时候，任何场合==when ever Eg: If ever you see George give him my best regards.   When ever he is in trouble I'll be on the spot. let out a cry 大叫了一声===utter/give a cry. 在不定式前加only，表示意想不到的，出乎意料的结果. Eg: He hurried to the post office only to find it was shut(closed). take sb in 使某人信以为真，让某人上当 see sb (to)do sth 看见某人做某事(做宾语补足语时候，不定式符号to被省略) miss+动名词,表示错过什么事情 Eg: I don't want to miss seeing that film on television tonight. if……happen to……表示某事偶然发生 Eg: If you happen to pass the baker's, pick me up a brown loaf, would you?(pick sb up sth:帮某人捎带某样物品) let out 发出==give shout   高呼，高喊，有目的的 shout to sb 对某人高声喊 shout at sb 对某人大喊大叫 robber抢劫犯，抢劫者；bandit强盗,土匪 brigand(书面用语)强盗，土匪，盗贼，草寇 hooligan流氓，不良分子 hoodlum(口语)罪犯，恶汉 rascal(口语)淘气，捣蛋鬼 on time准时/ in time及时 punctually adv. 守时地 destroy 强调毁灭，消灭，完全的摧毁 damage   强受损程度不很严重，可以被修复 break   强调弄坏，弄断 spoil   强调把事情搅和了Eg: spoil the party. outstanding adj,突出的， 杰出的，卓越的 distinguished adj, 杰出的，卓越的，不同非凡的==eminent 以上都可以用来修饰那些在严肃领域的人，比如科学，医学等等 well-know 强调众所周知的 famous   因卓越的贡献和成绩而流芳百世的 notorious 臭名昭著的，臭名远扬的， infarmous 声名狼藉的 rnowned   某人或某事以其独特的品质、个性而文明 hire; rent; let; employ hire out; rent out 租给 Eg: Does this firm hire out cars? rent out租给，雇给：主要强调出租房屋 Eg: He rent out his house to a tourist. let 出租房屋: let his house/please let your house to me hire from/ rent from 租进来 Eg: He hired a car from us/ I rent a room form Mrs.Johnson. hire 指短期雇佣体力劳动者 employ 指长期雇佣或聘请脑力劳动者 dedicate to 奉献给…… 比devote 更为正式而庄重 put sb of business使某人失业 put sb/sth out of ……使某人失去…… Eg: You are putting me out of patience. put it out of your mind 忘记这件事情吧!= forget it. would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿……而不…… ==would prefer to do……than do ==would prefer doing……to doing would rather: sooner + that从句 (过去式) Eg: I would rather that you were not here. Eg: I would rather that I didn't see you. life work 毕生的事业 a band of…… 一伙………… make name for himself ===become famous come to /get to 渐渐的 come to be known 渐渐的被人所熟知 at war with 与……交战 in times of……在……期间 would offer to do=== would promise to do burn down烧毁/ burn up烧光 / burn out 烧空 介词on和动名词搭配，表示一个动作：“一……就” Eg: On seeing him, I ran away. prepared:心甘情愿的==(willing) be willing to do==be prepared to do provide a regular supply of ……定期地提供 provide sth for sb/ provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物品 go a long way 可以买很多东西，维持很久 Eg: The money we have will go a long way. go a long way towards: Eg: This will go a long way towards overcoming the difficulty. go up to sb 走到某人面前 可以表示“珍贵的，宝贵的”的词包括：prize，valuable，preclous cherishable，dear tie sth to 1,把…拴在…上 Eg: I tie the dog to a tree 2，与…有联系 Eg: He is tied to his family accuse sb of doing sth 因为某事指控某人 ＝charge sb with doing sth accuse比charge语意弱：accuse强调“严厉的指责”charge强调“控告” deny doing sth. 否认做了某事 deny sb nothing百依百顺 Eg: He denies his wife nothing deny oneself:克制自己 Eg: On some occasions we must deny ourselves. possession: 所有物 Eg: What I possess is valuable/ My possessions are valuable. belonging: 随身携带物（通常是用复数形式） It is obvious that…显而易见 set out to do sth开始做某事 or else: (口语) 否则…… Eg: Your room is so dirty. Clear it promptly, or else……… graceful: 强调一个人的体型 elegant: 还表示人的举止很得体，大方 delicate: 精致的 It has been estimated that…据估计 and no mistake 确实如此 Eg: He is honest and no mistake. attach to sb for sth因为某事而把……加在某人身上 Eg: We didn't attach blame to him for his failure. be attached to sth. 喜欢，喜爱 Eg: I'm very attached to her. emotion: love,hatred, and grief are emotions. in response to/ in reaction to 作为对……的反应 be familiar to sb. 对某人来说很熟悉 be familiar with 熟悉，熟知 Eg: Are you familiar with the play of Shakespeare? ga mad 发疯，发狂 run mad on and off: continuously Eg: It has been raining on and off since noon. It was rather like===It was more like 看起来更像 prohibit from sb doing sth 重点强调法律或条例明文禁止 forbit so to do sth draw a picture 支取 cost sb dear 花了某人很多钱 be considerate to sb 对某人很体贴入微 all things considered 就各方面而言 Eg: All things considered, he finished the work well. hold sb to ransom 绑票（索取赎金） 吃惊程度 astoud>amaze>astonish>surprise make it clear to sb as good as one's word 表示信守信用，侧重点在于强调一个结果 go back on one's word 食言 over + 动词 表示超过 Eg: overeat, oversleep, overwork, overcharge, offer a prize of sth(奖励) to sb 给予某人……奖励 Eg: He offered a prize of 1,000 to the first man who fly cross the English Channel. in one's attempt Eg: She failed in her attempt to swim the tunnel. make an attempt on/ to do 尝试，试图 make no attept 没有……企图，尝试 be forced to do 被迫做…… It looked as if： 似乎，看起来 定语从句中介词位置 决定介词位置的4个因素: 1,如果是口语，介词位于句尾，同时关系代词可以省略高于。 2，非正式问题，介词位于从句句尾。 3，有些动词+ 介词，合成词组被看成是不可分割的语言单位，这个时候，介词必须紧跟在动词，不可移动 take after account for 4,在很多情况下，介词和关系代词构成独立的介词短语，在句中起状语作用，与从句的谓语动词，毫无关系，而不是谓语动词的一部分，这时介词始终位于关系代词之前 Eg: He described it as a very agreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.(in the midst of跟后面的谓语动词flow没有任何关系)   Mrs. Ramsay received an anonymous letter in which the writer stated that Rastus was in safe hands. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 当句中有just修饰时,谓语动词一般要用完成式 Eg: He, too, had just arrived near Calais with a new plane. no further: 修饰距离 no longer: 修饰时间或长度 no more:   修饰某物 Eg: I can walk no further.   He no longer livers here.   I can eat no more. rode the waves 在水面上漂浮， 冲浪前进 Eg: The ship rode the waves. hold water: 论点，观点站得住脚，说得通(多用语疑问句和否定句) Eg: What you said doesn't hold water. immense:修饰面积大得难以测量 bare (部分的)赤裸 nake 全裸 nude 光秃秃的，裸体（雕象，油画） be crude to sb 对……粗鲁，无理 , rude语气比 crude 要弱 in popularity 受欢迎，受喜爱 bet one's bottom dollar on somebody 对……孤注一掷 bet on the wrong horse 对…… 做出了错误的判断 turn against sb   与……反目成仇 owe money to sb==== owe sb money put sb imprison: 关押 sentence sb to life imprisonment：判某人终生监禁 put sb in prison 把……送进监狱== throw sb into prison squint one's eyes 眯上眼睛 proceed from 从什么着手开始继续 procced from 起诉某人 Eg: He decided to proceed against his neighbour. on end 1,== continuously: 连续的，位于具体的时间之后 Eg: He sat there for hours on end.   We had hardly anything to eat for days on end. 2, ==upright 竖着 Eg: The cat's fur stood on end.   I got a big shock so my heart stood on end. learn/ know by heart: 把……牢记在心 heart and soul 全心全意的，全身心的 Eg: We serve the students heart and soul take heart 鼓起勇气，恢复信心 lose heart 失去信心 lose heart to sb= give heart to sb: 轻信于某人 Eg: The boy lost his heart to the girl put one's heart into sth: 致力于某事 Eg: Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人 have one's heart in one's boots提心吊胆 Eg: He had his heart in his boots when he went out along at night. in full==fully=completely play a joke(cheek) on sb: 开某人玩笑 hand to == present sth to == pass to 把……递给某人 look on 旁观 insist that + should do insist on + 名词，动名词 play a joke on 开玩笑; play a trick on 捉弄，单方面取乐 have a joke with sb. 和某人开玩笑，强调两人共同取乐 finally   最后 lastly     顺序上的最后 in the end 强调最终失败的结果 peer about 眯着眼睛看 Eg: When you enter a cinema, you often have to peer about. give poison to sb/ give poison to sth.使某人或某事中毒 hate each other like poison 彼此互相恨透 fry up加热 fry in one's own fat 自作自受 have other fish to fry 另有要事要做 Eg: Hello,Lucy, let's go have dinner.   That's good idea, but i have other fish to fry. Thank you very       much. put on fat 长胖，发胖 associate A with B 把……跟……联想到一起= connect with. Eg: I can't associate you with your wife. look down upon 鄙视，瞧不起 Eg: Don't look down upon anyone. appeal to sb 引起某人兴趣 Eg: Eating snails never appeals to me. appeal for sth. 为某事而上诉 ramble   海岸，林中的漫步 roam   不安定的漂泊，徘徊 wander 流浪，徘徊 on impulse 冲动的 by the dozen 成打的 dozens of 许多的 数词 +dozen +物品：……打……（物品） speak nineteen to the dozen 说个不停 fancy oneself 自以为是，自命不凡 当涉及到或谈及到叙述客观事实的时候 it comes to sth ………… it comes to doing sth …… 用于when 引导的时间状语从句 stick to + 名词==insist on doing sth == persist in doing sth on a sudden impulse 一时的，冲动的 to our dismay 使我们感到惊愕的是 countless: 无数的，数不尽的 (=numerous) numerable: (=able to be counted)可数的，能够数出来的 numerical: 数字的，数量的，使用数字的（多用作前置形容词） ruin     泛指概念，表示毁坏的过程不是一下完成的 destroy: 把凭借某种外力来破坏和摧毁事物，完全摧毁 damage:   侧重强调把…弄坏，但是可以修复 one's hair stands on end :某人感到毛骨悚然的 make/set one's hair stand on end: 使某人感到毛骨悚然的 it is all very well but 不赞成不满意的反语，“好倒是好，但是……” Eg: It is all very well for them to ask me to do it, but i am   too busy. occur:     某个事件出乎意料的发生（正式） happen:   某个事件出乎意料发生 take place: 事件根据安排“举行” learn: 了解某个事实，学习某种知识、技能 know   直到某个事实，具有某方面的知识、金恩格、认识，了解莫个人（状态动词，不能用于进行时态） stood in front of sth. petrified: 站在…前，目瞪口呆 make a lasting impression on sb: 给某人以不可磨灭的印象 have a false impression of sb: 对某人有错误的看法 give sb impression that: 给某人印象 impress sb with sth   用…给某人留下印象 vessel（正式的词汇）可代替ship,boat. 用于文学体 boat 比ship小，可以替换ship(非正式文体) era: “纪元”， 地球、人类社会历史上的一个很长的时期，以特别事     物或发展