主谓一致

主谓一致：英语中，句子的谓语动词要与句子的主语在人称和数保持一致，即主谓一致。一般来说，主谓一致要遵循以下原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近原则和随前原则。一、语法一致原则1、单数主语，不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数1.AstudentisstudyingEnglish.2.Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.3.Whenwedeliverthegoodshasn'tbeendecided.4.Whenandwherewewillgohasn'tbeendecided.但当what引导的句子做主语，若后面是“be+名词”的结构时，谓语随名词变化。1.)Whatyoudidisright.2.)Whatyouneedarethesedictionaries.2、复数名词、代词作主语，谓语动词一般用复数形式①Allthestudents_____clever.②They_____Englishverymuch.arelike3.用and或both…and连接的单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句作主语谓语动词用复数形式。①Bothmyfatherandmymother____farmers.②WhatIthinkandwhatIdo_____beenfairlyindisagreement.注意:(1).当and连接的并列单数名词前有each，every,no或者manya等限定词时，谓语动词通常用单数。Eachstudentandeachteacher____beengivenatask.Everyflowerandeverybush____tobecutdown.(2).当主语由and连结时，如果表示同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，此时and后面的名词无冠词。Theworkerandwriter____(be)fromWuhan.Theworkerandthewriter_____(be)fromBeijing.arehavehasisisare4、不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing等作主语，谓语动词用单数形式;Something____(has/have)gonewrongwithmywatch.Anybodywho_______(break/breaks)therulewillbepunished.5、eachof…/eitherof…./oneof…谓语动词用单数.noneof…/neitherof…可单可复，根据说话人的意思决定；*但代表不可数名词时，用单数1)Eachofthestudents_____abook.2)Noneofus_____perfect.3)Neitherofthem____________theanswer.4)Noneofthis______me.Noneofthismoney____mine.*neither作形容词时与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。Neitherstatement_______true.（was）hasbreakshasis/areknows/knowworriesiswas6、“manya+单数名词morethanone+单数名词oneandahalf+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数1.)Manyaforeigner_____beentotheGreatWall.2.)Morethanonestudent_____turnedupatthemeeting.3.)Oneandahalfbananas_____eatenbytheboy.1.Manyaman___thestory.A.believes　B.believe2.Morethanoneman___diedintheaccident.　A.hasB.have3.Morethanfivemen___diedintheaccident.A.hasB.have7.some/alotof/halfof…./therestof…../partof…/plentyof…/分数（%）+of…..themajorityof+名词”等作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词或代词的单复数形式。①Two-thirdsofthestudents____fromcountryside.（come）②Ninetypercentofthework___beendone.（has）hashaswasAABcomehas8.定语从句中的主谓一致。(1)与先行词一致。定语从句中主语是关系代词who,that,which时，从句谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。I,who____yourteacher,willsharehappinessandsorrowwithyou.⑵which/as代替一句话内容,谓语动词用单数As___known,Iambeautiful.(3)oneof+复数名词+定语从句,从句中的谓语用复数形式;theonly/exactoneof+复数名词+定语从句,从句中的谓语用单数形式。Tomisoneofthestudentswho____goodatplayingfootball.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho___goodatplayingfootball.amisareis二、意义一致原则：9.集体名词family,audience,crew,club,class,company,committee,party,crowdgroup,army,government,thepublic等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果指集体中的各个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。Thegroup____madeupofninestudents.Thegroup____dancinghappily.注意1：集合名词cattle,clothes,people,thepolice表示复数意义谓语动词永远复数.people民族（可数名词，peoples)TheChinesepeople____abravepeople.Chinesepeople___makingourcountryricherandricher.2.PopulationThepopulationofChina______over1.3billionand80%ofthepopulation______farmers.isareisareisare10.表示时间、距离、金钱，度量衡等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词则用单数形式;Twoyears______passedsinceIleftNingbo.Onemilliondollars______agreatsumofmoney.11.有些名词如：fish,deer,sheep,means,works,species,等用作单数或复数均可，谓语动词随其含义而定。Thisglassworks____builtin1978.Twosteelworks____eastofthecity.Everymeans____beentried.Manyspecies____diedout.12.学科名词，或以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时，如physics,mathematics,mechanics,optics,acoustics,politics.statistics,economics,linguistics,athletics等,谓语动词通常用作单数。Physics__afundamentalsubjectinscience.hasisisarehashaveis13.成双成对出现的复数名词如glasses,shoes,trousers,pants,gloves,socks,slippers,scissors等作主语时，谓语通常用复数，*但如果前有a/thepairof,a/thesuitof等词语修饰时，谓语动词与pair,suit等一致，用单数1)Mytrousers______verynice.2)Apairofshoes_____underthebed.14.主语是疑问代词who,what,which,不定代词all,more,most,any,none等以及名词half,part,therest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。1.)Which___morevaluable,healthorwealth?2.)Which___prettier,theseorthose?3.)wehadsomepaper,buttherest____putback.areisisarewas15.the＋adj.作主语,the＋adj.,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，如theold,theyoung,therich,thepoor等,the+adj.,表示某个人或一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数，如thebeautiful,thegood等Theold____takengoodcareofinoursociety.Therich____forthedecisionbutthepoor_againstit.Thewounded____ayoungboy.Thebeautiful____notalwaysthesameasthegood.arewaswasis16.a/this/that+kindof+名词（单数或复数）作主语时，谓语动词用单数；如果主语是kinds（types)of+名词或复数名词of+a(this,that）kind时，谓语动词用复数形式。即…kind(s)of+n….,谓语与kind一致n+ofthiskind…谓语与名词一致①Thekindofapples____well.②Menofthiskind_____dangerous.注意:由kind,form,type,species,series等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数，而不是他们后面所跟的名词Thisnewtypeofmachine____nowonshow.（is）Somenewformsofart_____discussedatthemeeting.（were）17.主语是alarge/smallquantityof+名词（可数或不可数）谓语动词用单数；如果是“large(great)quantifiesof+名词（可数或不可数）”时，谓语动词要用复数。也就是说谓语动词随quantity单复数而定①There_____alargequantityofmilk/applesonthefarm.②Largequantitiesofwater/coal/bricks_______neededhere.sellsareiswereiswere18.anumberof（agroupof,avarietyof)+名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；Thenumberof(thevarietyof….)+名词复数谓语动词用单数形式。①Anumberofworkers____outofwork.②Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool____eightthousand.19.两数相减或相除,谓语动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。①Sixtyminusseventeen_________forty-three.②Sixandeight______________fourteen.20、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。“TheArabianNights”________aninterestingstory-book.TheUnitedstates_____onthesouthofCanada.21.名词性物主代词作主语，谓语动词根据指代对象而定Yourshoesarewhite;Mine____black.(are)Hiscoat____yellow;Hers____red.（is）（is）areisleavesmakes/makeisisareisis三.就近一致原则谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。22.由or,nor,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...butalso连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理。1.Youorshe______goodatEnglish.2._______eitheryouorhewrong?23.以here,there开头的句子，谓语动词的单复数形式看后面的主语而定，如果主语不止一个，谓语动词于最近的主语保持一致。①Here_____somebread.②There_____apenandthreepencilsonthedesk.24.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致Such_______theresultSuch_______thefactsOnthewall______manypicturesisAreisisisareare四随前原则25.当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由主语的单、复数而定。1.Theteacherwithtwostudents______atthemeeting.2.E-mail,aswellasthetelephones,________animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play1)They,togetherwithTom,_______goingtoswimthisafternoon.2)Noonebutyourparents_____therethen.3)He,likeyouandyourbrother,_______veryclever.4)Theteacher,includinghisstudents,_______goingtoseeProfessorTell.5)Mary,togetherwithhissisters_____goneback.wasAarewasisishas