美国社会与文化复习试题

USOverallViewofAmericaIFillintheblanks.1.SincethetimeofindependenceoftheUnitedStates,48continentalstateswereadded.2.TwostatesareseparatedfromthecontinentalUS,thatisHawaiiinthePacificOceanandAlaskatothenorthwestofCanada.3.IntheUS,thereare4timezonesformtheeasttowest.4.“WASP”standsforWhiteAnglo-SaxonProtestant5.AmongtheGreatLakes,LakeMichiganistheonlyoneentirelyintheUnitedStates.Washington,D.CisnamedafterGeorgeWashingtonandChristopherColumbus.7.ThecountryissituatedmostlyincentralNorthAmerica,withCanada_tothenorthandMexicotothesouth,thePacificOceantothewestandAtlanticOceantotheeast.8.ThefederaldistrictofUSAisWashington,D.C.andthelargestcityisNewYorkCity.9.AppalachianMountainsareintheeasternpartandtheRockyMountainsareinthewesternpart.IIChoosethemostappropriateanswertoeachquestionorstatement.1.HowmanycontinentalstateswerethereatthetimeofindependenceoftheUS?A.35B.48C.13D.50WhichofthefollowingwasthelastcontinentalstateaddedtotheUnion?KentuckyArizonaPennsylvaniaAlaskaWhichofthefollowingdescriptionofuniformityofAmericancultureisnottrue?Peopleingeneralsharethesameideas,idealsandobjectivesThereisnorealregionalorclassvarietyinspeechofusageofEnglish.Thereisnotmuchreallydistinctiveregionalarchitectureorcookery.Generallyspeakingpeoplehavethesameethnicbackground.4.WhichstatesaregeographicallyseparatedfromtheAmericancontinent?AHawaiiandAlaska.BHawaiiandArizonaCArizonaandAlaskaDAlaskaandNewYork5.ThebiggestcityintheUSis______....A.LosAngelsB.NewYorkChicagoSanFranciscoWhichtwolakesconsistofNiagaraFalls?A.LakesSuperiorandMichiganB.MichiganandHuronC.HuronandErieD.ErieandOntarioWhatarethefivefamoussymbolsofAmericanculture?A.BarbieDoll,AmericanGothic,BuffaloNickel,UncleSam,TheStatueofLibertyB.UncleSam,TheStatueofLiberty,Coca-cola,BarbieDoll,AmericanGothicC.AmericanGothic,BuffaloNickel,UncleSam,Coca-cola,TheStatueofLibertyCoca-cola,BarbieDoll,BuffaloNickel,UncleSam,TheStatueofLibertyWhatarethenationalroseandtreeofUS?A.roseandpalmB.roseandoakC.tulipandoakD.tulipandpalmIIIJudgewhethereachstatementistrue(T)orfalse(F).1.(T)Hawaiibecamethe50thstatesoftheUnitedStatesinthe1948.(F)ThelargestoftheracialandethnicminoritiesintheUSistheHispanics.(F)TheGrandCanyonislocatedinthestateofColorado.(T)ThefirstthirteenstatesoftheUnitedStatesmainlylocatedalongtheeasternseaboard5.(T)ArizonawasthelastcontinentalstatewhichjoinedtheUnioninthe1912.6.(T)HollywoodlocatedinLosAngels.1.FindthenicknamesofthefollowingStatesintheUSA.Arkansas:LandofOpportunityCalifornia:GoldenStateColorado:CentennialStateFlorida:SunshineStateHawaii:AlohaStateAlaska:LandofMidnightSun;theLastFrontier；PeninsulaStateMassachusetts:OldColonyState；BayStateVExplaineachiteminyourownwords1.diversityofthepeopleItreferstothedifferentoriginsoftheimmigrants(differentethnicbackgrounds)andthedifferencesbetweenthefirstgenerationof...immigrantsandlong-establishedAmericans.2.ManhattanIslandItissouth-eastpartofNewYorkCity.ItisthecenteroftheCityandincludesthingsthatarefamoustotheworld:WallStreet,FifthAvenue,Broadway,theEmpireStateBuilding,RockefellerCentre,theUnitedNationsBuilding,CentralPark,HarlemandsoonVIQuestionsforshortanswers1.Whichwasthe“mothercountry”?TheUKwasconsideredasthemothercountryoftheoriginalthirteencoloniesinNorthAmerica.2.WhydoesManhattanIslandincludeeverythingthatmostpeoplethinkofwhentheysay“NewYork”?BecausefamousplaceslikeWallStreet,FifthAvenue,Broadway,theEmpireStateBuilding,RockefellerCentre,CentralPark,Harlemandsoonareonthisisland.Chapter2AmericanHistory2014IIQuestionsandAnswersontheTextWhowasChristopherColumbus?HewasamarinerfromItalywhovoyagedtoNorthAmerica.WhendidColumbussetsail?In1492.WhereandwhenwasthefirstEnglishcolonyfounded?AtJamestown,Virginia,in1607.HowdidtheearlycolonistsinVirginiamanagetoearnmoney?Theydiscoveredawaytoearnmoneybygrowingtobacco.WhoestablishedseveralsettlementsinNewEngland?EnglishPuritans.WhendidthePilgrimscrosstheAtlanticintheshipMayflower?In1620.HowmanycolonieshadEnglishsettlersoccupiedby1733?Thirteen8.Incolonialtime,whichactruledthatspecialtaxstampstobeattachedtoallnewspapers?ThestampActHowdidagroupofpatriotsin1773TheSecondContinentalCongress1.AfterthefirstshotoftheAmericanWarofindependencewasfiredatLexington...onApril19,1775,theSecondContinentalCongressmetinPhiladelphiainMay1775.2.Itbegantoassumethefunctionsofanationalgovernment.ItfoundedaContinentalArmyandNavyunderthecommandofGeorgeWashington,andbegantoprintpapermoneyandopeneddiplomaticrelationswithforeignpowers.ItadoptedonJuly4,1776theDeclarationofIndependencewhichwasdraftedbyThomasJefferson.TheBillofRights1.Inordertoinsureindividualliberties,tenamendments—thebillofRightswereaddedtotheConstitutionin1791Itguaranteedfreedomofreligion,afreepress,freespeech,therightofcitizenstobeararms,protectionagainstillegalhousesearches,therighttoafairtrialbyjuryandprotectionagainst“cruelandunusualpunishments”TheEmancipationProclamationAftertheCivilWarbegan,LincolnissuedtheEmancipationProclamationonJanuary1,1863towinmoresupportathomeandabroad.ItgrantedfreedomtoallslavesinareasstillcontrolledbytheConfederacy.Reconstruction1.AftertheCivilWar,theUSCongressputforwardtheprogramofReconstruction,orreform,oftheSouthernstates.TheprogramwasbitterlyopposedbymostSouthernwhites3.Itendedin1877,whennewconstitutionshadbeenratifiedinallsouthernstatesandallfederaltroopswerewithdrawnfromthesouth.TheKuKluxKlanAftertheCivilWar,somesouthernwhitesformedtheKuKluxKlan.Itwasaviolentsecretsocietythathopedtoprotectwhiteinterestsandadvantagesbyterrorizingblacksandpreventingthemfrommakingsocialadvances.3.By1872,thefederalgovernmenthadsuppressedtheKlan,butitrevivedseveraltimesinlaterhistory.FranklinD.Roosevelt1.AformerDemocratgovernorofNewYorkstate,hewaselectedpresidentin1932.Withinthehistoric“HundredDays”,helaunchedtheNewDealprogramtodealwiththeDepressionHeexplainedhispoliticstothepublicinaseriesDepression,manyAmericansconsideredhimasoneofthemostrespectedpresidentsinAmericanhistory.TheSocialSecurityActAspartoftheNewDealprogram,theSocialSecurityActwaspassedin1935....2.Itestablishedcontributoryold-ageandsurvivors’pensionsandajointfederal-stateprogramofunemploymentinsurance.AmericanHolidayIchoosethecorrectanswer.1.ThanksgivingDaydatesbackto1621,theyearafter____arrivedinMassachusetts.A.theBritishB.theDutchC.TheCatholicsD.thePuritans2.Theeggandthebunnyaresymbolsfor_____.A.ChristmasDayB.Valentine’sDayC.EasterSundayD.Halloween_____isareligiousholidayintheUS.A.NewYear’sDayB.MartinLutherKing’sDayC.Valentine’sDayD.EasterSunday4.Halloweenison______.A.thelastFridayofOctoberB.thelastSundayofOctoberC.October30D.October31America’sIndependenceDayison_____.AJune4B.June14CJuly4D.July14CostumesandmasksarewornbyAmericanpeopleon______.A.NewYear’sDayB.ChristmasC.MemorialDayD.HalloweenFindtheexactsignalsordescriptionsofeachholidaysrespectively.Valentine'sDay:afestivalofromanceandaffectionbyexchangingtokensofloveSt.Patrick'sDay:BesuretoweargreenEaster:InChristiancountriesitiscelebratedasareligiousholidaycommemoratingtheresurrectionofJesusChrist,AprilFools'Day:Playaclever(butharmless)trickortellajoketosomeonewith...agoodsenseofhumorMothers'Day:carnationColumbusDay:ItcommemoratesthediscoveryofAmericabyChristopherColumbusHalloween:“Trickortreat”ThanksgivingDay:turkeyChristmas:SantaClausandhisreindeersIIDefinition:ThanksgivingDay:ItisthefourthThursdayinNovember,celebratesthefirstharvestofthePilgrimsaftertheysurvivedtheirfirstwinterinthenewworld.Thethemehasalwaysbeenpeaceandplenty.IndependenceDay:OnJuly4th,celebratesthebirthdayoftheU.S.withthesigningoftheDeclarationofIndependence.ThanksgivingDay:ThefourthThursdayinNovember,CelebratingaHarvestoftradition.Thethemehasalwaysbeenpeaceandplenty.Christmas:December25,ajoyfulreligiousholidaywhenChristianscelebratethebirthofJesusChristSantaClaus:-infolklore,afat,beardedoldmaninaredsuitwholivesattheNorthPoleandbringschildrenpresentsatChristmas;IIITrueorFalse1.(F)AmericansobservetheLaborDayonthesamedayastheChinese.2.(F)OnNewYearsEve,Americansusuallystayathomeandenjoyafamilyreunion.IVAnswerthefollowingquestionWhatistheoriginofThanksgivingDay?USEducationIFillintheblanks.EducationintheUnitedStatesisprovidedmainlybygovernment,withcontrolandfundingcomingfromthreelevels:federal,state,andlocal.4.Americaneducationalsystemgivesitstudentsthreekindofcourses.Theyaregeneraleducationcourses,requiredcoursesandelective.5.MostAmericanattendtwelveyearsofprimaryandsecondaryschool,witha...secondaryschooldiplomaorcertificate,astudentcanentercollegeoruniversity.6.StudyatcollegeoruniversityleadingtotheBachelor’sDegreeisknownasundergraduateeducation.StudybeyondtheBachelor’sDegreeisknownasgraduateschoolorpostgraduateeducation.7.Historically,highereducationintheUSwasthewayforanindividualtoenteraprofession.IIChoosethemostappropriateanswertoeachquestionorstatement.ThefirstAmericanleaderwhosuggestedcreatingasystemoffreeschoolsforallpersonsthatwouldbepubliclysupportedthroughtaxeswasGeorgeWashingtonThomasJeffersonJohnAdamsJamesMadison2.ThenationalsystemofformaleducationintheUnitedStatesdiffersfromeducationsystemsofotherWesterncountiesin_____.educationalinstitutionsareprimarilygovernedbyfederalones.AmericaneducationputemphasisonhigheducationPeoplewhoreceiveformaleducationconstituterelativelysmallpercentageTheUnitedStateshasnonationalsystemornationalcurriculumAllofthefollowingistrueaboutAmericaneducationEXCEPT______.A.MostChildrenbeginelementaryeducationwithkindergartenandfinishsecondaryeducationwithtwelfthgradeB.Unlikemostotherindustrializedcountries,theUSdoesnothaveacentralizededucationalsystemonthenationalscale.Juniorhighschoolusuallyincludesgradessixandeight.D.SchoolingiscompulsoryforallchildrenintheUS,andtheageforwhichschoolattendanceisrequiredisthesameinallstates.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthedifferencebetweenprivateandpublicschools?Privateschoolsareschoolsthatareprovidedbyfederalfundingwhilepublicschoolsareprovidedbystatefunding.Attendingpublicschooliscompulsorywhileattendingprivateschoolisofpersonalchoice.C.Attendingprivateschooldemandsfamiliespaytuitionwhilepublicschoolsarefree.Onlypublicschoolcouldleadtotheundergraduateeducation.ElementaryandsecondaryeducationintheUScovers_____years.9111214HighereducationintheUSbeganwithfoundingof_____in1636....HarvardUniversityHarvardCollegeWilliamandMaryCollegeStanfordUniversityWhichofthefollowingisunlikelytoprovidegraduatedstudies?AstateuniversityAninstituteoftechnologyAprofessionalschoolAtechnicalinstituteStudentswhowanttostudylawsintheUSmustfirstobtaina_____.highschooldiplomabachelor’sdegreecoeducationalpubliclysupportedbytaxesIIIJudgewhethereachstatementistrue(T)orfalse(F).1.(T)Inthecolonialperiod,instructionofreligionwascommoninbothschoolsandcollegesinAmerica,andeducationwasstillaluxuryinsteadofpriority.(F)Schoolcurricula,funding,teaching,andotherpoliciesareallsetbythefederalgovernment.(T)HighereducationintheUShasnowbecomearightratherthanprivilege.(T)TheidealofequalityofopportunityisfullyrealizedineducationintheUS.5.(T)Americanschoolsstresscultivatingstudents’independentthinkingratherthanthememorizationoffacts.6.(T)Specialprofessionssuchasmedicine,law,orpublicschooladministrationintheUSrequiregraduatedegrees.(F)Americanpublicschoolsaresupportedbytaxesandcontrolledbythefederalgovernment.8.(T)ThephilosophyofpragmatismisaguidingprincipleoftheAmericaneducationpractice.VExplaineachiteminyourownwordsIvyLeagueincluding8universities,namelyBrownUniversity,ColumbiaUniversity,CornellUniversity,DartmouthCollege,HarvardUniversity,UniversityofPennsylvania,PrincetonUniversity,YaleUniversityCommunitycollege:communitycollegeoffersavarietyofcertificatesandtwo-yearassociatedegreeprograms.Communitycollegesarepublicinstitutionssupportedinlargepartbygovernmentfundingandtaxes.VIQuestionsforshortanswers1.WhatwillentitleAmericanstudentstogettheacceptanceofcollegeanduniversity1)theconditionsofapplicationforacollegeeducation:...student’shighschoolrecordsrecommendationfromtheirhighschoolteacherstheimpressiontheymakeduringinterviewattheuniversitytheirscoresontheScholasticAptitudeTests(SATs)NamethethreeprincipalfunctionsofthesystemofhighereducationintheUS.Theyareteaching,researchandpublicservice.VIIQuestionsfordiscussion1.WhatcharacteristicsofthehighereducationinAmericaimpressyoumost?2.HowaretheAmericanvaluesoffreedomanddemocracyreflectedinitseducationsystem?USGovernmentandPoliticsIFillintheblanks.TheUSpresidentialelectionisheldinNovembereachleapyear,whileelectionsforbothHousesareheldinNovembereacheven-numberedyear.2.ThestateexecutivepowerisgiventothegovernorwhilethefederalexecutivepowerisgiventothePresident3.Theexecutive,thelegislatureandthejudicialarethreebranchesoftheFederalgovernment.4.TheUSCongresscanremoveaPresidentbyaspecialkindofpoliticaltrialcalledimpeachmentIn1971,aconstitutionalamendmentsettheminimumvotingageat18The__13th____AmendmentabolishedslaveryintheUnitedStates.Congresscanoverrideapresidentialveto,buttodoso,2/3ofeachchambermustvoteinfavorofthebill.IIChoosethemostappropriateanswertoeachquestionorstatement.1.HowmanytermswasFranklinRooseveltelectedfor?oneTwoThreeFour2.HowmanyseatsdoestheHouseofRepresentativeshave?6351004353453.WhowasthefirstUSPresidentresignedfromoffice?AAndrewJohnsonBRichardNixonCGeraldFordDJimmyCarter...5.TheremovalofJusticescanonlybedonethrough.AthePresidentBtheCongressCimpeachmentDtheSupremeCourtwhatisthemostimportantweaponinthehandofSupremeCourt?A.vetoB.OverridingavetoC.ImpeachmentD.Judicialreview.Therearecurrently_____SupremeCourtjusticesonthebench.A.7B.91113TheroleoftheAmericanpresidentincludesthefollowingEXCEPT_____A.commandthearmedforcesB.negotiateandsigntreatiesC.passlawsD.appointcertainpersonnel9.EachmembersofCongressiselectedbythepeopleofhisorherstate.TheHouseofRepresentatives,withmembershipbasedonstatepopulations,has_____seats.43510050200______wonthepresidencyfourtimesbutdiedshortlyintohislastterm.A.GeorgeWashingtonB.ThomasJeffersonC.AbrahamLincolnD.FranklinRooselvtIIIJudgewhethereachstatementistrue(T)orfalse(F).(T)ThesupremelawintheUSistheConstitution2.(F)Theconstitutionalamendmentin1933outlawedalcoholicliquor,butanotheramendmentalloweditagainin1919.(F)TheSupremeCourtiscomposedofeightJusticeswhoareappointedforlifebythePresidentwiththeconsentoftheSenate.(T)ThebasicsystemoflawinUScourtshasbeendevelopedfromtheEnglishCommonLaw.5.(F)MostofthebillsintroducedtoCongresscaneventuallybecomelaw.(F)FortheUS,oneofthebasicprinciplesissocialistdemocracyVQuestionsforshortanswers...Thedutyofgovernors1tocarryoutthelawsmadebythelegislativeassembly2todothosethingsthatarenecessaryfortheconductofgovernmentnotnecessarilybasedonspecificlegalpowersThecharacteristicoftheUSConstitution1)UnliketheArticlesofConfederation,theConstitutionestablishedastrongerfederalgovernment.ItprovidedforaSupremeCourtandlesserfederalcourts,anditgaveexecutivepowertoanelectedpresident.2)TheConstitutionestablishedtheprincipleofa“balanceofpower”tobemaintainedamongthethreebalancesofgovernment—theexecutive,thelegislativeandjudicial.Topreventapowerfulcentralgovernmenttramplingonthelibertiesofthepeople,theBillofRightswereaddedtotheConstitutionin1791.ThustheConstitutionandtheBillofRightsstruckabalancebetweentwoaspectsofAmericanpolitics—theneedforastrong,efficientcentralauthorityandtheneedtoensureindividualliberties.VIIQuestionsfordiscussionComparedtoothertypesofpoliticalsystems,whatcanwelearnfromAmericandesignofgovernment?PleaselisttwosetsofmeritsanddemeritsofAmericangovernment.USEntertainment---MusicPARTIChoosethecorrectanswer.originatedinthe1940softheUnitedStates,beginningtobepopintheearly1950sandquicklybecomingpopularintheworld.ArockBcountrymusicCmusicalDpopmusic2.Peoplecalledas“thekingofrockmusic”.AMichaelJacksonB.ElvisAaronPresleyCJohnDennverD.GeorgeStrait3.Countrymusicisrootedinthe1920sfromthetraditionalfolkmusic,integratedexceptwith.A.GospelmusicB.CelticmusicC.classicalmusicD.Indianmusic...4.MichaelJacksonisthesecondElvisPresley,knownasthe.A.KingofJazzB.KingofRockC.KingofPopD.KingofHip-hop5.Musicaltextbythefollowingseveralpartscompositionexcept.A.lyricsB.scoreC.singersD.book/script6.Whohadwonfourtrophiesatthe2010GrammyAwards?A.TaylorSwiftB.JustinBieberC.beyonceD.AdeleTypicalAfricanAmericanmusicalstylesincludethefollowingexceptA.jazzB.rockandrollC.hiphopD.folkmusicJazz’srootsisbelievedtocomefromA.NewOrleansChicagoHustonSanFrancisco9.Inthe_____,jazzbecameamajorpartofAmericanmusicA.1920sB.1930sC.1980sD.1960s10.CountrymusicbandsoftheearlytwentiethcenturyprimarilyconsistedofthefollowinginstrumentsEXCEPT.A.thefiddleguitarbanjopiano11.countrymusicbeganin______inthe1970s.NewYorkCityAppalachianMountainCaliforniaNashvillePARTIIFillintheblanks1.Rockandrolldevelopedoutofcountry,blues,andR&B.2.Todaysubjectofcountrymusicis“thegoodolddays”.3.RhythmandBluesisthefulltranslationof“R&B”,itstilltransitionbetweenBruceandsoulmusic....4.TheGrammyAwardsarepresentedannuallybytheNationalAcademyofRecordingArtsandSciencesoftheUnitedStatesforoutstandingachievementsinthemusicindustry.IIITrueorFalseStatement1.(F)Commoninstrumentsusedincountrymusicaretrumpet,piano,andsaxophone.2.(T)Rock’smeaningistocriticizedthesocialproblemsbravelyandletouttothediscontentofreality.3..(T)TheBroadwaymusicalcanpointintheBroadwaymusicalstagearea,referstoalltheapproximateBroadwaymusicalstyle(T)Rock’n’rollisnotonlyaformofmusicbutalsoalifestyle.(T)CountrymusicwasoriginallyplayedandlistenedtobyAmericanfarmers.IVFindtheexactsignalsordescriptionsofeachholidaysrespectively.ArmstrongJazzLinkinParkRockTaylorSwiftcountrymusicJayZHip-hopCatsOperaAmericanFamilyI.Fillintheblanks1.AccordingtotheU.S.government,afamilyisthosepeoplewholivewithotherstowhomtheyarerelatedbyblood,marriage,oradoption.2,AverageAmericanfamilysizeis3.2people3.Thenuclearfamilyconsistsofahusband,wifeandtheirchildren,livinginahouseorapartment.4.Asbreadwinner,manisresponsibleforfinancialsupportofthehomeandfamilymembers.5.Millionsofmiddle-agedAmericans—membersofthe“sandwichgeneration”—takecareofboththeirchildrenandparents.6.Glorificationofyouthandindifferencetotheagedhaveleftmanyolderpeoplealienatedandalone.7.Today,morethan54%ofAmericanwomenwork8.Americanchildrenhavebeenexpectedto“leavethenest”ataboutage_18_,aftertheygraduatefromhighschool.Definition1.FamilyAccordingtotheU.S.government,afamilyisthosepeoplewholivewithotherstowhomtheyarerelatedbyblood,marriage,oradoption.2.TheextendedfamilyConsistoftheimmediatefamily,andotherrelativesconnectedbybloodormarriage...suchasGrandparents,aunts,uncles,cousins,nephews,nieces,andin-laws.V.ExplanationListthefamilytypesofAmericaThenuclearfamilyTheextendedfamilyOne-parent/single-parentfamilyBlendedfamilyHomosexual/gay/lesbianfamilyDinkfamilyTheroleofmanandwomaninafamilyMan:“breadwinner”—responsibleforfinancialsupportofthehomeandfamilymembers.Woman:housewife—responsibleforemotionalsupport,childraising,andhousekeeping.Changes:workingmothers,househusbandsCompositionWhatdoyouthinkarethedistinctdifferencesbetweenWesternandChinesefamilies?Whatchallengesaresingle-parentfamiliesfacingupwith?...