考研考博-考博英语-中南大学考试能力提升点睛卷81（含答案详解）

书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-中南大学考试能力提升点睛卷（含 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 详解）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题ReadthefollowingshortparagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoEnglish.感激是对于每一件善举，无论其大小， 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示优雅地接受并欣赏的艺术。我们中的大多数人受到款待，接收礼物和获得明显的好处的时候都不会忘记表达自己的愉悦之情。但即使在此情景下我们都需注意并能够以完善的方式表达之，使其尽可能地显得个性化和体现自己的诚意。感激的艺术首先应该体现在对待小事情上充分体现出来：公共汽车售票员、医院的护士、饭店的女招待还有校园的保洁员—所有这些人都在以不同的方式为我们服务。通过表示感谢我们可以使日常平淡的关系显得更有人情味，让一些单调的任务变得令人愉快。我们所给予的感激永远不会过多，因为我们身边的人都会以我们的微笑构成他们的人生追求和工作的动力。【答案】Gratitudeistheartofgraciouslyacceptingandappreciatingeveryactofkindness,nomatterhowsmall.Mostofusdonotfailtoshowourpleasurewhenwereceivehospitality,giftsandobviousbenefits,buteveninthiscase,wehavetomindandbecompetenttoperfectourmannerofshowinggratitudebymakingitaspersonalandsincereaspossible.Itis,aboveall,inthelittlethingsthatthegraceofgratitudeshouldbemostemployed.Thebusconductor,thenurseinthehospital,thewaitressatarestaurant,thecleanerinthecampus—allobligeusinonewayoranother.Byshowingourgratitudewemakeroutinerelationshipshumanandrendermonotonoustasksmoreagreeable.Gratitudeissomethingofwhichnoneofuscangivetoomuch.Forpeoplearoundusbuilduptheirpursuitoflifeandmotivationofworkonthesmileswegive.2.单选题Thetenaciousfamiliesfeudedforgenerations,andinimicalfeelingsarestillfixedintheir（ ）.问题1选项A.generosityB.antagonismC.acceptanceD.hospitality【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。generosity慷慨，宽大；antagonism对抗，敌意；acceptance接受；hospitality好客，亲切。句意：几代人以来，这个顽固的家庭一直不和，敌对情绪仍然固定在他们的对抗中。由feuded及inimicalfeelingsarestillfixed可知，B项符合题意。3.单选题TheCardinalandDanieldeBosolaenterfromtheright.Inappearance,theCardinalissomethingbetweenanElGrecocardinalandaVanDykenoblelord.Hehasthetall,spareform—theelongatedhandsandfeatures—oftheformer;thetrimpointedbeard,theimperialrepose,thecommandingauthorityofthelatter.ButtheElGrecofeaturesarenotreallythoseofasceticismorinnermysticspirituality.Theyaretheindextoacold,refinedbutruthlesscrueltyinahighlycivilizedcontrolledform.Neitheristheimperialreposeanaloofmoodofprouddetachment.Itisarefinedexpressionofasatanicprideofplaceandtalent.Toadegree,theCardinal’scoldnessisartificiallycultivated.HehasdefinedhimselfagainsthisyoungerbrothertheDukeandistheoppositetotheoverwroughtemotionalityofthelatter.ButtheCardinal’saloofmoodisnotoneofblanddetachment.Itisthedeliberatedetachmentofamethodicalmanwhocollectshisthoughtsandemotionsintothemostcompactandformidableshape―thatwhenhestrikes,hemaystrikewiththemoreefficientanddevastatingforce.Hiseasymovementsarethoseoftheslowlycirclingeaglejustbeforetheswiftdescentwiththeexposedtalons.Aboveallelse,heisamanwhoneverforamomentdoubtshisdestinedauthorityasagovernor.HederisivelyandsharplyrebukeshisbrothertheDukeaseasilyandreadilyashismistressJulia.IfhehasbetrayedBosola,heuseshisbrotherasthetooltorecoverhis“familiar.”Hiscourtdressisalongbrilliantscarletcardinal’sgownwithwhitecuffsandawhitecollarturnedbackoverthered,bothcollarandcuffsbeingelaboratelyscallopedandembroidered.Hewearsasmallcape,reachingonlytotheelbows.Hiscassockisbuttonedtotheground,givingaheightenedeffecttohisalreadytallpresence.Richelieuwouldhaveadoredhisneatlytrimmedbeard.Arichlyjeweledandornamentedcrossliesonhisbreast,suspendedfromhisneckbyagoldchain.BosolaistheRenaissance“familiar”dressedconventionallyinsomberblackwithawhitecollar.Hewearsachainabouthisneck,asuspendedornament,andasword.Althougha“bravo,”hemustnotbethoughtofasaleatherjacketed,heavy-bootedtough,squatandswarthy.Stilllessisheasneering,leering,melodramaticvillainoftheVictoriangaslighttradition.Likehisblack-and-whiteclothes,heisacolorfulcontradiction,ascholar-assassin,ahumanist-hangman;introvertedandintrospective,yetruthlessinaction;moodyandreluctant,yetviolent.Heisamanofscholarlytasteandsubtleintellectualdiscriminationdoingtheworkofahiredruffian.Ingeneraleffect,hisimpersonatormustachievesupplenessandsubtletyofnature,ahighlycomplex,compressed,yetwellrestrainedintensityoftemperament.LikeDukeFerdinand,heisinwardlytormented,butnotbyundilutedpassion.Hisdominantemotionisanintellectualizedone:thatofdisgustataworldfilledwithknaveryandfolly,butinwhichhemustplayapartandthatalowly,despicableone.HeisthekindofraritythatBrowninglovedtodepictinhisRenaissancemonologues.1.TheactorportrayingBosolamustdepictthecharacter（ ）.2.Thewriterofthispassageassumesthatthereaderis （ ）.  3.ThereferencetoBrowninginthelastsentenceisintendedtocompare（ ）.  4.InhisdescriptionofBosola,theauthorofthispassagemakesextensiveuseofthedeviceof（ ）.问题1选项A.asahighlycivilizedindividualB.asasneeringvillainC.asacomplicatedyetrestrainedindividualD.withsubtletyandintensity问题2选项A.familiarwithRenaissancepoetryB.disgustedwithaworldfilledwithknaveryandfollyC.familiarwiththepaintingsofElGrecoD.familiarwiththewritingsofVanDykeandElGreco问题3选项A.BosolawithDukeFerdinandB.BosolawithaBrowningcharacterC.DukeFerdinandwithBosolaD.BosolawithBrowning问题4选项A.metaphorB.onomatopoeiaC.exaggerationD.paradox【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文中“Ingeneraleffect,hisimpersonatormustachievesupplenessandsubtletyofnature,ahighlycomplex,compressed,yetwellrestrainedintensityoftemperament.总的来说，他的模仿者必须达到自然的柔美和微妙，一种高度复杂、紧凑而又克制得很好的气质。”可知与C项相符。2.判断推理题。由文中“Inappearance,theCardinalissomethingbetweenanElGrecocardinalandaVanDykenoblelord.在外观上，红衣主教之间是埃尔•格列柯红衣主教和范戴克高贵的主。”可知作者认为读者熟悉EIGreco和VanDyke的画像。故C项正确。3.判断推理题。由“HeisthekindofraritythatBrowninglovedtodepictinhisRenaissancemonologues.他是那种布朗宁喜欢在他的文艺复兴独白中描述的罕见人物”。可知该句中Bosola和Browning笔下所描写的人物进行对比。故B项正确，4.判断推理题。Metaphor暗喻；onomatopoeia拟声；exaggeration夸张；paradox悖论。由文中“Likehisblack-and-whiteclothes,heisacolorfulcontradiction,ascholar-assassin,ahumanist-hangman...就像他的黑白衣服一样，Bosola是一种有趣的自相矛盾，他是学者的杀手、人文主义者的刽子手······”可知A项正确。4.单选题Theatmosphereisamixtureofseveralgases.Thereareabouttenchemicalelementswhichremainpermanentlyingaseousformintheatmosphereunderallnaturalconditions.Ofthesepermanentgases,oxygenmakesupabout21percentandnitrogenabout78percent.Severalothergases,suchasargon,carbondioxide:hydrogen,neon,kiyptonandxenon,comprisetheremainingonepercentofthevolumeofdryair.Theamountofwatervaporanditsvariationsinamountanddistributionisofextraordinaryimportanceinweatherchanges.Atmosphericgasesholdinsuspensiongreatquantitiesofdust,pollen,smoke,andotherimpuritieswhicharealwayspresentinconsiderable,butvariableamounts.Theatmospherehasnodefiniteupperlimitsbutgraduallythinsuntilitbecomesimperceptible.Untilrecentlyitwasassumedthattheairabovethefirstfewmilesgraduallygrewthinnerandcolderataconstantrate.Itwasalsoassumedthatupperairhadlittleinfluenceonweatherchanges.Recentstudiesoftheupperatmosphere,currentlybeingconductedbyearthsatellitesandmissileprobing,haveshowntheseassumptionstobeincorrect.Theatmospherehasthreewell-definedstrata.Thelayeroftheairnexttotheearth,whichextendsupwardforabouttenmiles,isknownasthetroposphere.Onthewhole,itmakesupabout75percentofalltheweightoftheatmosphere.Itisthewarmestpartoftheatmospherebecausemostofthesolarradiationisabsorbedbytheearth’ssurfacewhichwarmstheairimmediatelysurroundingit.Asteadydecreaseoftemperaturewithincreasingelevationisamoststrikingcharacteristic.Theupperlayersarecolderbecauseoftheirgreaterdistancefromtheearth’ssurfaceandrapidradiationofheatintospace.Thetemperatureswithinthetropospheredecreaseabout3.5degreesper1,000feetincreaseinaltitude.Withinthetroposphere,windsandaircurrentsdistributeheatandmoisture.Strongwinds,calledjetstreams,arelocatedattheupperlevelsofthetroposphere.Thesejetstreamsarebothcomplexandwidespreadinoccurrence.Theynormallyshowawave-shapedpatternandmovefromwesttoeastatvelocitiesof150mph,butvelocitiesashighas400mphhavebeennoted.Theinfluencesofchanginglocationsandstrengthsofjetstreamsuponweatherconditionsandpatternsarenodoubtconsiderable.Currentintensiveresearchmayeventuallyrevealtheirtruesignificance.Abovethetropospheretoaheightofabout50milesisazonecalledthestratosphere.Thestratosphereisseparatedfromthetropospherebyazoneofuniformtemperaturescalledthetropopause.Withinthelowerportionsofthestratosphereisalayerofozonegaseswhichfiltersoutmostoftheultravioletraysfromthesun.Theozonelayervarieswithairpressure.Ifthiszonewerenotthere,thefullblastofthesun'sultravioletlightwouldburnourskins,blindoureyes,andeventuallyresultinourdestruction.Withinthestratosphere,thetemperatureandatmosphericcompositionarerelativelyuniform.Thelayerupwardofabout50milesisthemostfascinatingbuttheleastknownofthethreestrata.Itiscalledtheionospherebecauseitconsistsofelectricallychargedparticlescalledions,thrownfromthesun.Thenorthernlights(auroraborealis)originatewithinthishighlychargedportionoftheatmosphere.Itseffectuponweatherconditions,ifany,isasyetunknown.1.Ajetplanewillusuallyhaveitsbestaveragerateofspeedonitsrunfrom（ ）.2.AtthetopofJungfrau,whichtowers12,000feetabovethetownofInterlakeninSwitzerland,thetemperatureisusually （  ）.  3.Lifeasweknowitexistsontheearthbecausetheatmosphere（ ）.  4.Thetroposphereisthewarmestpartoftheatmospherebecauseit（ ）.  5.Studiesoftheatmospheremayreveal（ ）.问题1选项A.NewYorktoSanFranciscoB.LosAngelestoNewYorkC.LondontoWashingtonD.C.D.BermudatoNewYork问题2选项A.about75degreescolderthaninInterlakenB.about42degreescolderthanonthegroundC.warmerthaninInterlakenD.affectedbytheionosphere问题3选项A.containsalayerofozonegasesB.containselectricallychargedparticlesC.carriestheultravioletraysofthesunD.providesthechangesinweather问题4选项A.containselectricallychargedparticlesB.radiatesheatintospaceC.haswindsandaircurrentthatdistributetheheatD.iswarmedbytheearth’sheat问题5选项A.thesourceofthesun’senergyB.itstrueeffectupontheearth'sweatherC.thenatureoftheauroraborealisD.howtocontrolultravioletrays【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。定位到第三段中“Theynormallyshowawave-shapedpatternandmovefromwesttoeastatvelocitiesof150mph,butvelocitiesashighas400mphhavebeennoted.它们通常呈波浪状，以150英里每小时的速度从西向东移动，但也有人注意到速度高达400英里每小时。再由地理知识“洛杉矶位于美国西海岸，纽约位于美国东部海岸”可知B项从洛杉矶到纽约正确。2.判断推理题。由第三段中Thelayeroftheairnexttotheearth,whichextendsupwardforabouttenmiles,isknownasthetroposphere.以及thetemperatureswithinthetropospheredecreaseabout3.5degreesper1,000feetincreaseinaltitude.地球层旁边的空气，向上延伸大约10英里，被称为对流层。对流层的温度每上升1000英尺，就会下降3.5度。题干中高度为12000英尺，故温度应为（12,000/1000）×3.5=42度。3.细节事实题。定位到第四段中“Ifthiszonewerenotthere,thefullblastofthesun'sultravioletlightwouldbumourskins,blindoureyes,andeventuallyresultinourdestruction.如果没有这个区域（臭氧层），太阳紫外线的强烈照射会灼伤我们的皮肤，使我们失明，最终导致我们的毁灭。”可知与A项相符。4.细节事实题。定位到第三段中“Itisthewarmestpartoftheatmospherebecausemostofthesolarradiationisabsorbedbytheearth’ssurfacewhichwarmstheairimmediatelysurroundingit.它（即对流层）是大气层中最暖和的，因为大多数的太阳辐射被地球表面吸收，而地球表面对其周围的大气进行加热。可知对流层因吸收地表热量成为大气层中最暖和的。D项正确。5.细节事实题。定位到第三段中“Theinfluencesofchanginglocationsandstrengthsofjetstreamsuponweatherconditionsandpatternsarenodoubtconsiderable.“依据天气状况和模式来改变急流的位置和强度的影响无疑是相当大的。及最后一段中“Itseffectuponweatherconditions,ifany,isasyetunknown.它对天气状况的影响，如果有的话，也是未知的。”可知B项“对地球天气的真正影响”正确。5.单选题IpassedalltheothercoursesthatItookatmyuniversity,butIcouldhaveneverpassedbotany.Thiswasbecauseallbotanystudentshadtospendseveralhoursaweekinalaboratorylookingthroughamicroscopeatplantcells,andIcouldneveronceseeacellthroughamicroscope.Thisusedtoenragemyinstructor.Hewouldwanderaroundthelaboratorypleasedwiththeprogressallthestudentsweremakingindrawingthestructureofflowercells,untilhecametome.Iwouldjustbestandingthere.“Ican’tseeanything”Iwouldsay.Hewouldbeginpatientlyenough,explaininghowanybodycanseethroughamicroscope,buthewouldalwaysendupinafury,claimingthatIcould,too,seethroughamicroscopebutjustpretendedthatIcouldn’t.“Ittakesawayfromthebeautyofflowersanyway.”Iusedtotellhim.“Wearenotconcernedwithbeautyinthiscourse，”hewouldsay.“WeareconcernedsolelywithwhatImaycallthemechanicsofflowers.”“Well,”I’dsay,“Ican’tseeanything”“Tryitjustonceagain,”he’dsay,andIwouldputmyeyetothemicroscopeandseenothingatall,exceptnowandagainanebulousmilkysubstance—aphenomenonofmaladjustment.Youweresupposedtoseeavivid,restlessclockworkofsharplydefinedplantcells.“Iseewhatlookslikealotofmilk，”Iwouldtellhim.This,heclaimed,wastheresultofmynothavingadjustedthemicroscopeproperly,sohewouldreadjustitforme,orrather,forhimself.AndIwouldlookagainandseemilk.Ifinallytookadeferredpass,astheycalledit,andwaitedayearandtriedagain.(Youhadtopassoneofthebiologicalsciencesoryoucouldn’tgraduate.)Theprofessorhadcomebackfromvacationbrownasaberry,bright-eyedandeagertoexplaincell-structureagaintohisclasses.“Well,”Hesaidtome,cheerily,whenwemetinthefirstlaboratoryhourofthesemester,“We’regoingtoseecellsthistime,aren’twe?”“Yes,sir，’’Isaid.Studentstotherightofmeandtotheleftofmeandinfrontofmewereseeingcells;what’smore,theywerequietlydrawingpicturesofthemintheirnotebooks,Ofcourse,Ididn’tseeanything.“We’lltryit,theprofessorsaidtomegrimly,“witheveryadjustmentofthemicroscopeknowntoman.AsGodismywitness.I’llarrangethisglasssothatyouseecellsthroughitorI’llgiveupteaching.Intwenty-twoyearsofbotany,I···”Hecutoffabruptlyforhewasbeginningtoquiverallover,likeLionelBarrymore,andhegenuinelywishedtoholdontohistemper;hissceneswithmehadtakenagreatdealoutofhim.So,wetrieditwitheveryadjustmentofthemicroscopeknowntoman.WithonlyoneofthemdidIseeanythingbutblacknessorthefamiliarlactealopacity,andthattimeIsay,tomypleasureandamazement,avariegatedconstellationofflecks,specks,anddots.TheseIhastilydrew.Theinstructor,notingmyactivity,camebackfromanadjoiningdesk,asmileonhislipsandhiseyebrowshighinhope.Helookedatmycelldrawing,“what’sthat?”hedemanded,withahintofasquealinhisvoice,“that’swhatIsaw,”Isaid.“Youdidn’t,youdidn’t，youdidn’t!”hescreamed,losingcontrolofhistemperinstantly;andhebentoverandsquintedintothemicroscope.Hisheadsnappedup.“That’syoureye!”heshouted.“You’vefixedthelenssothatitreflects!You’vedrawnyoureye!”1.Accordingtotheauthor,whywashetakingthebotanycourse?2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprofessor’sattitudetowardtheauthorwas （ ）.    3.Whydidtheauthorhavedifficultywiththemicroscope?4.Thetoneofthispassagecouldbestbedescribedas（ ）.  问题1选项A.Hewasapremedicalstudent.B.Hewantedtoseethestructureofcells.C.Heneededittograduate.D.Itwasrequiredofsciencemajors.问题2选项A.encouragingB.disbelievingC.instructiveD.Alloftheabove问题3选项A.Theprofessoradjustedittohisowneyesratherthantotheauthor’seyes.B.Becauseofafaultyinstrument.C.Duetotheteacher’spoorinstruction.D.Hedidn’ttry.问题4选项A.self-congratulatoryB.ironyC.degradingD.critical【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。定位到第二段中“Youhadtopassoneofthebiologicalsciencesoryoucouldn’tgraduate.你必须通过一门生物科学课程否则你不能毕业。”可知C项正确。2.细节事实题。定位到第一段中“Hewouldbeginpatientlyenough,explaininghowanybodycanseethroughamicroscope,buthewouldalwaysendupinafury,claimingthatIcould,too,seethroughamicroscopebutjustpretendedthatIcouldn’t.他在开始的时候有足够耐心，解释如何通过显微镜看到东西，但他总是在愤怒中结束，声称我也可以通过显微镜看到东西，只是假装我不能看到。”可知B项正确。3.判断推理题。定位到第一段中“This,heclaimed,wastheresultofmynothavingadjustedthemicroscopeproperly,sohewouldreadjustitforme,orrather,forhimself.AndIwouldlookagainandseemilk他声称，这是由于我没有调好显微镜，所以他就为我调试，或者更确切地说，为自己。我再看了一遍，结果我看到了乳状物。”可知A项正确。4.判断推理题。最后一段中“That’syoureye!”heshouted.“You’vefixedthelenssothatitreflects!You’vedrawnyoureye!”'那是你的眼睛！’他（导师）大声说。“你已固定了镜头，以至于它发生了反射！你画了你的眼睛！”可推知B项“讽刺的”正确。A项“自满的”；C项“可耻的；不名誉的”；D项“批评的”。6.单选题Whereashistoriansoncemaintainedthatscienceis（ ）otherenterprises,theyhavecometorealizethatscienceisactuallyintertwinedwiththevalues,socialassumptions,andintellectualtraditionsofaparticularhistoricalperiod.问题1选项A.dependentonB.tantamounttoC.ancillarytoD.distinctfrom【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组辨析。dependenton依赖于；ancillaryto从属的，附属的。tantamountto等的，相当于。distinctfrom与······不同。句意：历史学家曾经坚持科学是不同于其他事业的，然而，他们开始认识到科学是和价值观、社会假设，以及一个特定历史时期的智慧传统联系在一起的。由后文中的isactuallyintertwinedwith可知空格处与这个意思相反，故答案D。7.单选题Wecan’thopetocompetewithotherbigcompanies（ ）wehaveinferiorequipmentinourinstallationlinesandtrainingofourworkforce.问题1选项A.neverthelessB.unlessC.ifD.oncondition【答案】C【解析】考查连词词义和词组辨析。nevertheless然而；不过；unless除非，如果不；if如果；即使；oncondition只要。根据前后句意推断C项符合题意，答案C。句意：如果我们在安装线上的设备和职工培训方面是较差的，那么我们就不能指望去与其他大公司竞争。8.单选题Manyartistsbelievethatsuccessfulimitation,farfrombeingsymptomaticofalackof（ ）,isthefirststepinlearningtobecreative.问题1选项A.eleganceB.resolutionC.sympathyD.originality【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项elegance“典雅；高雅”；B选项resolution“分辨率；解决；决心”；C选项sympathy“同情；赞同”；D选项originality“创意；独创性；原始”。句意：许多艺术家认为，成功的模仿远不是缺乏······的表现，而是学会创造的第一步。句中出现的“模仿”、“学会创造”表明，此处应表示“模仿成功不是缺乏创造力的表现”。D选项正确。9.单选题Someworksofliteratureholdone’sinterestintheverylastpage,butothersservesonlyasa（ ）,tobekepthandilyatabedsidetable.问题1选项A.reminderB.referenceC.decorationD.soporific【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reminder提醒者；reference参考书，参考文献；decoration装饰；soporific催眠剂。句意：有些文学作品自始至终都十分吸引人，但有些文学作品只起参考书的作用，为了方便查阅而放在床边小茶几上。由but及空格后的内容可知B项符合句意。10.单选题Undercertaincircumstances,thehumanbodymustcopewithgasesatgreater-than-nonnalatmosphericpressure.Forexample,gaspressuresincreaserapidlyduringadivemadewithscubagearbecausethebreathingequipmentallowsdiverstostayunderwaterlongeranddivedeeper.Thepressureexertedonthehumanbodyincreasesby1atmosphereforevery10metersofdepthinseawater,sothatat30metersinseawateradiverisexposedtoapressureofabout4atmospheres.Thepressureofthegasesbeingbreathedmustequaltheexternalpressureappliedtothebody;otherwisebreathingisverydifficult.Thereforeallofthegasesintheairbreathedbyascubadiverat40metersarepresentatfivetimestheirusualpressure.Nitrogen,whichcomposes80percentoftheairwebreathe,usuallycausesabalmyfeelingofwell-beingatthispressure.Atadepthof5atmospheres,nitrogencausessymptomsresemblingalcoholintoxication,knownasnitrogennarcosis.Nitrogennarcosisapparentlyresultsfromadirecteffectonthebrainofthelargeamountsofnitrogendissolvedintheblood.Deepdivesarelessdangerousifheliumissubstitutedfornitrogen,becauseunderthesepressuresheliumdoesnotexertasimilarnarcoticeffect.Asascubadiverdescends,thepressureofnitrogeninthelungsincreases.Nitrogenthendiffusesfromthelungstotheblood,andfromthebloodtobodytissues.Thereverseoccurswhenthediversurfaces;thenitrogenpressureinthelungsfallsandthenitrogendiffusesfromthetissuesintotheblood,andfromthebloodintothelungs.Ifthereturntothesurfaceistoorapid,nitrogeninthetissuesandbloodcannotdiffuseoutrapidlyenoughandnitrogenbubblesareformed.Theycancauseseverepains,particularlyaroundthejoints.Anothercomplicationmayresultifthebreathisheldduringascent.Duringascentfromadepthof10meters,thevolumeofairinthelungswilldoublebecausetheairpressureatthesurfaceisonlyhalfofwhatitwasat10meters.Thischangeinvolumemaycausethelungstodistendandevenrupture.Thisconditioniscalledairembolism.Toavoidthisevent,adivermustascendslowly,neveratarateexceedingtheriseoftheexhaledairbubbles,andmustexhaleduringascent.1.Thewords“exposedto”inline5areclosestinmeaningto（ ）.2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatwhichofthefollowingpresentsthegreatestdangertoadiver?3.Whatshouldadiverdowhenascending?问题1选项A.leavingbehindB.propelledbyC.preparedforD.subjectedto问题2选项A.Pressurizedhelium.B.Nitrogenbubbles.C.Nitrogendiffusion.D.Anairembolism.问题3选项A.Riseslowly.B.Relaxcompletely.C.Breathefaster.D.Breathehelium【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A【解析】1.词义题A项“留下”；B项被······推动；C项“为······做准备”；D项“遭受，承受”。定位到第一段中的“Thepressureexertedonthehumanbodyincreasesby1atmosphereforevery10metersofdepthinseawater,sothatat30metersinseawateradiverisexposedtoapressureofabout4atmospheres.人体在海水中所受的压力每增加10米，就增加1个大气压，因此潜水员在30米的海水中所受的压力约为4个大气压。由exertedon施加可推断exposedto为“遭受、暴露于······的环境中”的意思。2.判断推理题。A项“加压氦气”；B项“氮扩散”；C项“氮气泡”；D项“空气栓塞”。定位最后一段中“Thischangeinvolumemaycausethelungstodistendandevenrupture.Thisconditioniscalledairembolism.这个体积的变化可能导致肺部扩张，甚至破裂。这种情况称为空气栓塞。”可知D项正确。3.细节事实题。由最后一段中“Toavoidthisevent,adivermustascendslowly,neveratarateexceedingtheriseoftheexhaledairbubbles,andmustexhaleduringascent.为了避免这种情况，潜水者必须缓慢上升，速度不能超过呼出的气泡的上升速度，并且在上升过程中必须呼气。”可知A项正确。11.单选题Becauseheis（ ）,wecannotpredictwhatcoursehewillfollowatanymoment.问题1选项A.incoherentB.capriciousC.sedateD.deleterious【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项incoherent“语无伦次的；不连贯的；不合逻辑的”；B选项capricious“反复无常的；任性的”；C选项sedate“安静的；沉着的”；D选项deleterious“有毒的；有害的”。句意：因为他······，所以我们无法预测他将在任何时候采取什么行动。“无法预测”与B选项“反复无常”相符合。因此B选项正确。12.单选题Basedonhundredsofface-to-faceinterviewsandsurveyswithstudents,sociologistRobertManningofGeorgetownUniversity（1）boththenumberwithcreditcarddebtandtheirindebtedness （2）“systematicallyunderreported”inpreviousstudieswhichfailedtoreflectthe“survivalstrategies”manyusedto（3） theirdebts.Theseincludedtheuseoffederalstudentloanstopay （4） creditcards,effectivelyshiftingthedebt, （5） parentsforloans,cuttingbackoncourseworktoincreasetimeatpaidjobsoreven（6）