车辆工程专业英语期末复习

1. The internal combustion engine is most common: t his obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside th e engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasol ine and diesel .Both engines are called heat engines; th e burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas insi de the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply pow er to rotate a shaft connected to the power train . 内燃机是最常见的,其动力来自气缸里液体燃料的燃烧。发动机有汽油机和柴油机两种,都称为热机。燃料燃烧产生热量,气缸内气体压力升高,从而提供动力,带动连接传动系的轴旋转。 2. The purpose of the complete suspension system is t o isolate the vehicle body from road shocks and vibrat ions, which will otherwise be transferred to the passen gers and load. It must also keep the tires in contact wit h the road regardless of road surface. 悬架系统的作用是隔离来自路面的的冲击和振动,防止它们传递给乘客和货物。另外不管路面如何,悬架系统都应该保持轮胎和路面的接触。 3. Drum brakes have a drum attached to the wheel hub , and braking occurs by means of brake shoes expandi ng against the inside of the drum. With disc brakes, a disc attached to the wheel hub is clenched between tw o brake pads. 在鼓式制动器上,制动鼓和轮毂连接,制动蹄张开压紧制动鼓内侧从而产生制动。在盘式制动器上,两个制动块之间的制动盘连接着轮毂。 4. Engine block: The engine block is the basic frame of the engine. All other engine parts either fit inside it or fasten to it. It h olds the cylinders, water jackets, and oil galleries. The engine block also holds the crankshaft, which fast ens to the bottom of the block. The camshaft also fits i nside the block, except on overhead-cam-engines (OH C). In most cars, this block is made of gray iron, or an allo y of gray iron and other metals, such as nickel or chro mium. 气缸体是发动机的基体。发动机其它的部件都安装在缸体内或固定在缸体上,它包含了气缸、水套和油道,以及固定在缸体底部的曲轴等。除凸轮轴顶置发动机外,凸轮轴也装在汽缸体中.大多数汽车汽缸体由灰铸铁或灰铸铁与其它金属如镍、铬的合金制造而成。6. Cylinder head: The cylinder head carries the valves, valve springs an d the rockers on the rocker shaft, this part of the valve gear being worked by push-rods 缸盖上装有气门、气门弹簧和摇臂轴上的摇臂,推杆推动这部分气门传动机构工作。 Energy and Power: Engines used in automobiles are internal combustion heat engines. They convert the chemical energy of the gasoline into heat within a power chamber that is calle d a combustion chamber. Heat energy released in the combustion chamber raises the temperature of the co mbustion gases within the chamber. The increase in ga s temperature causes the pressure of the gases to incre ase. The pressure developed within the combustion chamb er is applied to the head of a piston to produce a usabl e mechanical force, which is then converted into usefu l mechanical power. 能源是用于生产电力。化工能源转化为燃料的燃烧的热量,这个过程被称为燃烧。如果发动机燃烧发生在汽缸内的地方,被称为发动机内部燃烧发动机。如果燃烧发生在汽缸外的地方,被称为发动机外部燃烧发动机。 用于汽车的能源叫内部燃烧高能源高温能源在燃烧室里降低能缓解气体燃烧在汽缸室里的温度。燃烧气体温度的升高引起气压变大。燃烧室内发展应用到了活塞产生一个可用的机械力,然后将其转换成有用的机械能。 Cylinder sleeve: Cylinder sleeves are used in engine blocks to provide a hard wearing material for pistons and piston rings. The block can be made of one kind of iron that is light and easy to cast while the sleeves uses another that is better able to stand up wear and tear. There are two m ain types of sleeves: dry and wet. 缸体中的气缸套为活塞和活塞环提供了一种耐磨的材料。缸体可以采用某种重量轻且易铸造的铁来制造,而缸套使用的是另一种抗磨损和抗拉缸能力较好的材料制成。主要有两种类型的气缸套:干缸套和湿缸套。 Most pistons are made from cast aluminum. The pisto n, through the connecting rod, transfers to the cranksh aft the force created by the burning fuel mixture. This force turns the crankshaft. 大多数活塞由铝铸造而成。通过连杆,活塞把可燃混合气燃烧所产生的力传递给曲轴,并带动曲轴旋转。 When the engine runs in compression stroke and powe r stroke, the valves must close tightly on their seats to produce a gas-tight seal and thus prevent the gases esc aping from the combustion chamber. If the valves do not close fully the engine will not de velop full power. Also the valve heads will be liable to be burnt by the passing hot gases, and there is the like lihood of the piston crown touching an open valve, wh ich can seriously damage the engine. 当发动机在压缩冲程和作功冲程工作时,气门必须紧贴在气门座上,形成良好的气密性以防止燃烧室漏气。如果气门关闭不严,发动机就不能发挥出全部的功率。而且气门头部容易被经过的高温气体烧蚀,活塞顶部也可能会碰到气门使发动机严重损坏。 Gasoline : Gasoline must vaporize easily. This characteristic, c alled volatility, is important. However, it must not vap orize too easily, or it will turn to vapor inside the fuel t ank or fuel lines. Inside the fuel line, fuel vapor may b lock the flow of liquid gasoline. This is called vapor l ock. Vapor lock is common in fuel lines where the inle t side of the pump is exposed to high temperatures. 汽油应易于蒸发,这个重要的特性称为挥发性。但是汽油也不能挥发得过快,不然它会在油箱或油管里转变为蒸气。在油管中汽油蒸气会阻碍液态汽油的流动,这称为气阻。汽油泵的入口处承受着高温,就经常出现气阻。 2.1.2通过曲轴连杆连接活塞,造成气体轴旋转半转。动力冲程“使用了”气压,意味着必须提供手段驱逐燃烧气体和回灌用新鲜的汽油和空气混合气体钢瓶:这种气体的运动控制是阀门的责任 2.2.3气缸盖扣紧到块顶部,正如屋顶适合在一幢房子。底部与活塞顶形成燃烧室。缸直列机,只有一种轻型车辆的所有缸,缸头大缸直列机可以有两个或更多。 2.3.2活塞是四个运动周期中一个重要部分,很多活塞都是从铝中提炼出来研制而成的.活塞,通过连杆传递能量来压缩点燃混合气体. 这些能力转化为曲柄的动能2.6.1汽油容易蒸发。这种特性被称为波动,是重要的。但是,它不能太容易挥发,否则将转向油箱内的蒸汽。管内的燃料,燃料蒸气可能阻止液体汽油流。这就是所谓的蒸气锁。在燃料蒸气锁普遍在暴露于高温线泵的进口侧。 M easurement of Dynamic Properties for Serpentine Belt and Friction Coefficient Between Belt and Pulley (school of Automotive Engineering, guangdong polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510123) The influences of pre-tension,belt length,excitation amplitude and frequency on the longitudinal dyn amic stiffness and damping for a belt are measure d and discussed..The influences of the pre-tension of belt,wrap angle between belt and pulley and r otational velocity of pulley on the friction coeffici ent are measured and analyzed,and the ranges of the friction coefficient are obtained. 【Key Words】:serpentine belt、stiffness 、damping coefficient、friction coefficient Multi-body Dynamics Analysis on Torsional Vibration of Automotive Engine Crankshaft (Dept of Automotive Engineering, guangdong polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510001) By using mult-body system simulation(MSS) method, combined with finite element analysis(FEA), the torsional vibration of automotive engine crankshaft is analyzed in this paper. The multi-body dynamics model for the crankshaft assembly including flexible crankshaft is established. The torsional vibration of crankshaft is analyzed based on the results of multi-body dynamics simulation. The torsional vibration at the free-end of crankshaft was measured, which coincides well with the simulation. 【Key Words】:crankshaft 、Automotive engine、Torsional vibration