非谓语动词课件

非谓语动词课件 非谓语动词:是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分 非谓语动词使用条件:一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。 She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 语、定语、状语等. .To see you is glad.=It’s glad to see you. .I want to see you. .I want him to see you. .My hope is to see you. .He is the man to see you. .I’m glad to see you. .I went to see you. .He went so early as to see you .Swimming is his favourite sport. .He enjoys swimming. .I found him swimming in the river. .His favourite sport is swimming. .He is the man swimming in the river just now. . Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool. 动词不定式(The Infinitive) 一. 动词不定式的基本构成: 由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成 肯定式:to do sth 否定式:not to do sth. 被动式:to be done 完成式:to have done 二. 动词不定式的句法作用法 动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。 To do that sort of thing is foolish。主语 I want to see you this evening 宾语 All you have to do is to finish it quickly. 表语 We found a house to live in. 定语 She came here to study English. 状语 I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation宾补 (1)作主语 不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。 Not to get there in time is your fault. 注:常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。 句型1:It + 谓语 + to do It takes us an hour ___ get there by bus. 句型2:It’s + n. + to do It’s our duty __ help the poor. 句型3:It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth. It is + adj + for sb to do sth (adj是形容事物的性质的 ) It is + adj + of sb to do sth (adj是形容人的品质的 ) It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to give me some help. ,You are very kind to give me some help. It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.= You are impolite to speak to the teacher like that. (2)作宾语 接不定式做宾语常见动词有: like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, prefer, forget, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, start, afford, hate want, decide, hope, agree, choose, wish, need ,promise等 1. They wanted ____( get ) on the bus, didn’t they? 2. He said he wished ______( be ) a professor. 3. I agreed______ ( go ) there with the doctor. 4. My daughter preferred ______ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties. 5. He had promised ______ ( give ) me a hand. • B. 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain… know, show, discover, see(understand) eg:He taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book. I hope you’ll advise me what to do I don't know how to get there. I haven't decided whether to go or stay. 注意下列动词后加to do 与doing时的不同意思 begin、start、continue、like、love、hate、prefer、learn、remember、forget、 regret、try、mean、stop、go on(课后自己补充) 1. Boys, don't forget _____ the windows before you leave the classroom. A. closing B. closed C. to closing D. to close 2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 4. Remember _______ the lights when you leave the office. A. to turn off B. turning off C. turn off D. to turning off (3)作宾语补足语(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系) 1.advise 、allow、 ask 、beg、 cause 、expect 、encourage 、force 、get、 hate、 invite 、order 、wish 、oblige、want、 warn 、remindpromise 、permit、persuade、 request…+sb. to do eg :Mother told me ___ come back before 10 o’clock. I’ll get someone ___ repair the recorder for you. What caused him ___ change his mind? I wish you ___ come as soon as possible. He asked me ___do the work with him 2. see、 watch、 look at、hear、listen to 、feel、notice等感官动词，make let have等使役动词后+不带to的动词不定式，但如果这些词用于被动语态时要还 原to I often hear them sing this song. Did you notice anyone come in ? I would have him wait for me for a long time. Look at the horse jump. He is often heard to sing the song? He was seen to enter the room 3. it作形式宾语 I find/feel to work with him interesting ( 注意:不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在 宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。 Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider… it+adj/n + to do sth. 1.We thought ___ better ___ start early. 2.Do you consider ___ better not __ go? 3. I feel __ my duty __ change all that. 4.We think __ important __ obey the law. 5.I know __ impossible __ finish so much homework in a day. 练习:用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。 1.Let me ______(help) you _______ (water) the flowers. 2.Little Sandy would love _______(take) to the cinema this evening. 3. Though he often made his deskmate ______(cry), today he was made _______(cry) by his deskmate. 4. I saw him _______ into the small store. A. went B. going C. to go D. has gone 5. Tell the boy _______ out of the window. A. not to look B. to not look C. don't look D. not look (4)不定式作定语 1) 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today? Do you have anything to be washed today? (区别主被动) 2) 不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 I have no chance to go there. 3) 被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语 She is the last to leave the room. 4) 不定式为不及物动词时，须加介词 He is looking for a room to live in. 1.The house is not big enough for us all_______. A. to live in B. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in 2. Would you please pass me the knife _______? A. to cut the fruit with B. to cut the fruit C. cutting the fruit D. cutting the fruit with 3.I have something important to say.please find a piece of paper (写上) 4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment, I have no pen (写) (5)作状语表示目的、原因、结果或条件。 I came here to see you((目的) We were very excited to hear the news( (原因) He hurried to the school to find nobody there . (结果) To look at him，you would like him((条件) 动名词(gerund) 一. 动名词的基本构成 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 二. 动名词的性质 动名词既具有动词的特点有具有名词的特点，具体表现为: 1.动名词可以被定冠词和物主代词修饰 I hope you don’t mind my saying it. 2. 动名词可带有自己的宾语和状语 Are you for or against having the meeting. I insisted on leaving at once 三.动名词的功用 1.可作主语 ?Seeing is believing Reading newspapers can increase our knowledge. no use no good no fun ? It`s + a shame + doing a waste of time/money useless dangerous ? There is no + doing... ?It is no use crying. ?It is no good objecting ?Looking after the patients is a nurse`s job. ?It`s dangerous playing with fire. ?It`s a wast of time copying other`s homework. ?There is no joking about the matter. 2.可作宾语 在某些动词后要求用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式，常见的这类动词有:避免 错过 (少) 延期 avoid miss delay/postpone 建议完成 (多) 练习 suggest / advise finish practise 喜欢想象 禁不住 enjoy/appreciate/ imagine/ resist/can`t help 承认 否定 (与) 嫉妒 admit deny envy 逃脱 冒险 (莫) 原谅 escape / envy /risk /pardon / excuse 忍受 保持 (不) 在意 stand keep / keep on mind eg:Have you finished reading the book? I suggest doing it in a different way. 注:在动词advise, allow, forbid(禁止)，permit(允许)等后，如果没有人称宾 语，后跟动名词;如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如 We don’t allow people to fish here. S. + v. + prep. + doing ?作介词/短语动词的宾语: e.g.1.She sat there without (speak) 2.I look forward to (see) him again. 3.Are you used to (live) there alone? 4.When my father heard the news, he couldn't help (laugh). 5.I don`t feel like (go) to see the film. 6.He was busy (prepare) his lessons. ?主动表被动: Sth. +want、need、require(需要) /be worth (值得)+doing使用动名词作宾语时，用主动形式表达被动含义)/to be done(使用不定式作宾语时，依然用被动形式表达被动含义) 1.The room wants cleaning/to be cleaned. 2.The method needs improving/to be improved. 3.This pair of shoes require mending to be mended. 4.The problem needs working out /to be worked out. 5. The question is well worth discussing /to be discussed. 五.动名词的复合结构 动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或 名词所有格来表示 这个动名词逻辑上的主 语 ，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语 1).物主代词 / 名词所有格 + 动名词 在句中作主语: Mary`s coming late made her teacher angry. Do you mind my smoking? Do you mind my reading your paper? Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Rose’s going won’t be of much help. 2).人称代词宾格 / 名词 + 动名词 在句中作宾语: I`m sure of him coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. I don’t mind Jack (him) going. She hates young people (them) smoking. 分词:Participles 一 分词的概述 1. 分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式:现 在分词(Present Participle)和过去分词(Past Participle)。 2. 现在分词:doing 过去分词:规则动词 V+ed 不规则动词 3.分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用。在句中 作表语、定语状语和宾语补足语。 现在分词与过去分词的区别: 1.语态上:现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动 Do you know the woman talking to Tom? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor 2. 时态上:现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成 Developing country boiling water Developed country boiled water 二、分词的作用 1、作定语:分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。 现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前;如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。 (1)前置定语 He is a promising young man. Make less noise. There’s a sleeping child. We only sell used books. 我们只卖用过的书。 (2)后置定语 The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. The bridge built last month needs repairing. (3)分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后， 相当于一个定语从句。如:The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory 4)过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能:表示被动和完成，只表完成。如: the question discussed yesterday(既表示被动也表示完成) the fallen leaves (只表示完成，不表示被动) 2、作表语:分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如 She was too frightened to move. What you said is really inspiring. 3、作宾语补足语 可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。 I saw him walking in the street. I heard them singing in the classroom. We found the boy sleeping. 四、作状语 现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别: 现在分词与句子的主语之间构成主谓关系表主动进行，过去分词与句子主语之 间构成动宾关系表被动完成 1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. 2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying. 3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better 4.I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. 分词做状语相当于一个状语从句，看例句 Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. (If they had been given more attention，) Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. (Because he was so angry) They came into the classroom, singing and laughing. (and they were singing laughing) To serve the people well, I study hard. (In order to serve the people well) 判断下列句子正误并改正: 1. To learn English well, a lot of practice must be done. 2. Seeing from the hill, the city,is more beautiful. 3. Heating, water will boil. 4. Getting there, the door was found opened. 5. Being ill, his classmate sent him to hospital. 6.To get there in time, he told me to get up early. 7. Broken by Jim, I can’t use the cup. 将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语: 1. Because she was moved by the hero, she decided to study harder. 2. When he found the doorlocked, he went home. 3. He started early in order that he could get there on time. 4. Not knowing her address, I can’t write to her. 5. Entering the room, I saw a strange sight. 6.Scolded by the teacher, he was very sad 7. Not knowing where to go, he asked a policeman . 8. Hearing her friend was badly hurt, she burst into tears. 9. Knowing his team had won, he became happy at once. 不定式时态、语态的用法 1. 不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，用一般时态 He wanted to see you 2. 强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用进行时态 When I came in ,he pretended to be reading a book He is said to be writing a novel 3. 强调 不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成时 He is said to have written a novel . I’m so glad to have seen you . The ground is so wet ,It must have rained last night 不定式被动语态的用法. A, 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时，用被动语态 She asked to be sent to work in Tibet (宾语) The book is said to have been translated into English ( 或叫合 It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here (主 语) B. 句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，尽管不定式与被修饰词是被 动关系，也还要用主动语态 1, Give him some book to read \Do you have any clothes to wash ? “Do you have any clothes to be washed?” asked the maid 2, S +be+easy \difficult \hard \pleasant \interesting \exciting \ comfortable +to do This question is easy to answer The boy is difficult to teach 3, The house is to let \The manager is to blame .\The reason is not far to seek . 4There be句型中，主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同 There is nothing to do now (we have nothing to do now )现在没事干 There is nothing to be done now (we can do nothing now )现在没什 么 办法 鲁班奖评选办法下载鲁班奖评选办法下载鲁班奖评选办法下载企业年金办法下载企业年金办法下载 There is nothing to see (nothing is worth seeing )没有东西值得看 There is nothing to be seen 看不见有什么东西 分词时态、语态的用法 分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关 系时被动的，要用被动语态 1.Looking out of the window, I can see many cars and buses. 2.Seen from the top of Dragon Tower, Harbin looks more beautiful. 3.The teacher came in, _______many students.(follow) 4.The teacher came in, _______by many students.(follow) 如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时，要用分词的进行时态。 1. Being repaired, the building is forbidden to enter. 2. The house being built now is a Hope Project School. 3. Passing by the accident scene, I saw the man badly hurt being carried onto an ambulance. 如果强调分词表示的动作 发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。 Not having finished his homework ,Tom was made to stay at school . Having closed all the windows ,I went home Having been invited to the party ,Tom was very happy . Homework: complete the following sentences 1.“,,,,,,,,,,,,(你有衣服要洗吗)?the maid asked. 2.________________(没有完成作业),Tom was forbidden to watch TV. 3.________________(正在刷油漆), the house was not allowed to enter. 4.________________(被邀请参加舞会), Mary felt excited. 5.The difficult maths problem ____________________(很难算出). 6.She was angry for __________________(没有被邀请)to the ball. 7.The thief stole into the store_________________(没人看到) 8.The flat _________________(出租) 9.The man who was on duty that day _________________(应受谴责) 10.They were proud of ____________________(被派往西藏去工作) 11.When the teacher came in, Tom _________________(假装再看书) 12.Ni Ping is said ____________________(写了一本名叫“日子”的书) 13.Song Dandan is said _______________(在写一本叫“月子”的书) 14._________________(从窗户往外看), I can see many tall buildings. 15._________________(从山顶往下看), the city looks more beautiful. 16._________________(他有很多活要干).Don’t bother him. 17._________________(他有很多活要干) and you can go ,too.