小升初名词和冠词

小升初名词和冠词 榜样教育个性化 教案 中职数学基础模块教案 下载北师大版¥1.2次方程的根与系数的关系的教案关于坚持的教案初中数学教案下载电子教案下载 学生姓名 年级科目 六年级英语 六年级英语下全册教案六年级上册英语测试卷六年级英语答题卡试卷小学英语测试质量分析六年级英语教材分析 课时 第 1/2 课时 备课时间 5月22日 教师姓名 授课时间 5月12日 小升初总复习词性专题一:名词和冠词 课题 1.了解名词的分类 教学 2.掌握并熟练运用名词的两种形式:可数名词复数与名词所有格 目标 3.掌握冠词的用法 1.名词的分类 重点 2.可数名词单数变复数 难点 3.名词所有格的意义和用法 考点 4.冠词的用法 教 学 基1.复习名词的类别 本2.复习可数名词单数变复数的方法 内 3.复习名词所有格的意义和用法 容 、4.复习冠词的用法 知5.练习 识 大 纲 作业 布置 知识掌握(30%) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 总得分 教师签名 满分100 能力培养(40%) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 教师 反馈 分 思想态度(30%) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 本次课 总体评价 学生签名 本次课收获和自我感受(对应分值上打?) 学生 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 自评 家长签名 家长 意见 教学步骤与详细内容附后 教学主任审核: 日期: 月 日 一、名词 I.专有名词和普通名词 1.专有名词 :专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。主要包括:人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。如:Churchill(丘吉尔)、Tokyo(东京)、China(中国)等。 2. 普通名词:普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。根据所指代物体的特征，普通名词又可分为以下四类: ,.个体名词: 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示人或物体中可以数清的单个体。如:student, pen, bird等。 B.集体名词(即集合名词):表示由个体组成的集合体。如:people(人民)、police(警察)、family(家庭)等 C.物质名词:表示构成物体物质的不可数名词，或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。如:water(水)、air(空气)、wood(木头)等。 D.抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。如:work(工作)、peace(和平)、love(爱)等。 II.可数名词与不可数名词 可数名词指的是可以分为单个个体，并且可以直接用数目进行计数的名词，如student, book, boy等;不可数名词指的是不可以计数名词，如water, air, ice等。这两种名词在用法上是有区别的，现归纳如下: 1).可数名词有单数、复数之分，如: map?maps;onion?onions 不可数名词没有复数形式，只有单数形式。如:some water;a lot of bread 2).单数可数名词表示泛指时前面要用不定冠词a \ an;而不可数名词不能用。如: Li Hong is a driver. I am a teacher.李红是一名司机，我是一名教师。 We can't see milk on the table.我们看不见桌上有牛奶。 注意:在表示特指时，不可数名词和可数名词前都要用定冠词the。如: Pass me the ball，please.请把球传给我。 The chicken on the plate is yours.盘子里的鸡肉是你的。 3).可数名词表示复数意义时可用many等词修饰。如:many apples，a few pens 不可数名词则要用much、a little等词修饰。如:much meat，a little bread 注意:这两类名词都可以被some, any, a lot of \ lost of等修饰。 如:some eggs / paper, a lot of \ lots of knives / orange juice 4).可数名词前通常可用具体的数词来修饰。如: three women，ten babies 不可数名词表示数量的多少时，必须与表示数量的名词连用，即―数词+表示数量的名词(可数名词)+of+ 不可数名词‖。如: two glasses of milk——两杯牛奶 five pieces of bread——五片面包 5).可数名词做主语时，谓语动词的单、复数与主语的单、复数须保持一致。不可数名词做主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。如: There is some rice in the bowl.碗里有些米饭。 All the students are in the classroom.所有的学生都在教室里。 注意:如果不可数名词前有复数名词短语修饰时，谓语动词须用复数形式。 如:There are two bags of rice in the room.房间里有两袋子大米。 6).对可数名词的数量提问用how many;对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much，但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。如: I can see two pictures on the wall.?How many pictures can you see on the wall, There is a lot of pork in the basket.?How much pork is there in the basket, I want three glasses of water.?How many glasses of water do you want, 7).另外，有些集合名词也是可数名词，但不同的是，它们以单数形式出现，表示复数概念，如people，police，family等;而有些可数名词本身就以复数形式出现，如clothes，glasses(眼镜)等;有的可数名词单、复数形式相同，如Japanese，sheep，Chinese等。如: The Chinese people are hardworking and brave.中国人民勤劳勇敢。 The sports clothes are new.这些运动服是新的。 III.名词复数 book-books, cap-caps 一般情况 词尾加-s bus-buses, box-boxes, 以s, x, ch, sh结尾 词尾加-es peach-peaches, dish-dishes story-stories 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i再加-es leaf-leaves, knife-knives 以f, fe结尾 变f, fe为v再加-es 1).以o结尾的名词 -s，如:photo-photos piano-pianos zoo-zoos radio-radios A.词尾加 B.词尾加-es，如:potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes 2).不规则变化 goose-geese foot-feet tooth-teeth man-men child-children mouse-mice 3).单复数同形 fish-fish deer-deer sheep-sheep Chinese-Chinese IV. 名词的所有格:在英语中有些名词可以加―’s‖来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如:a teacher’s book 1).表示名词和中心词之间的一种所属关系。 e.g. my father’s name我父亲的名字 2).表示有生命的名词的所有格，一般在名词后加―’s‖，如果名词是以―s‖结尾，就直接加―’‖。 e.g. Jim’s pencils吉姆的铅笔 the students’ books学生们的书 3).表示两者共同拥有时，只在后一个词的后面加―’s‖;表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个词后面加―’s‖。 e.g. Lucy and Lily’s mother露西和莉莉的妈妈 Lucy’s and Lily’s mothers露西的妈妈和莉莉的妈妈 4).表示无生命的名词，常用of短语，放在中心词之后。 e.g. the door of the classroom教室的门 the colour of the wall墙的颜色 二、冠词 1.冠词包括定冠词the和不定冠词a, an三个 2. a, an都是表示“一个”。a用于辅音(注意不是辅音字母)开头的单词前，an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的单词前。如:an hour, hour以 [au] 开头，所以用an;a book, book以[b] 开头，所以用a。 a，an在以下情况下用: 1).表示数量“一”。如: blue pencil. I have a There is a boy in the room. 2).表示一类人或事物，不具体指哪一个。如: I’m a girl. This is an egg. 3).用在固定词组中。如: a lot of许多 a little一些 have a cold感冒 have a good time玩得开心 3.定冠词the的用法 1).特指某一个具体的人或事物。如: The book is Mike’s. The tree is green. 2).上文中提过的人或事物。如: I have a bottle. The bottle is beautiful. There is a cat. The cat is sleeping. 3).用在世界上独一无二的事物前面。如: The sun is bright. The Great Wall is great. 4).用在乐器名词前面。如: He plays the piano. She likes playing the violin. 5).用在序列数、形容词最高级以及方位词的前面。如: Bill lives on the fifth floor. Mike is the best football player in the school. 6).与某些形容词连用表示一类人或物，或与某些单数名词连用表示一类事物。如: the rich有钱人 the poor穷人 the young年轻人 the Chinese中国人 7).用在惯语中。如: the next morning in the day by the way at the beginning on the right 4.不使用冠词的情况 1).在某些专有名词前不使用冠词。如: China, Beijing, Grade 1 2).在季节、星期、节日、三餐、球类等前面不用冠词。如: on Sunday, Teachers’ Day, spring 3).名词前已经有this, that, his, our等定语时。如: this book, my dog, our teacher 4).习惯用语。如: on foot, by bike, in bed 练习 一、圈出下列单词中的不可数名词 peach ink water zoo sister coffee knife snow ice tea orange fridge jeep rain wind car teacher music ear cola watermelon cherry 二、写出下列名词的复数形式 watch desk library class boy goose shelf baby photo dog tooth German dish mouth telephone child sheep mouse nurse tomato fish 三、填入所给名词的适当形式 1. We have three ________ (pen). 2. This is an __________ (apple). 3. Where is the __________ (pencil)? 4. There is a little __________ in the bottle (juice). 5. --Are you a __________ (driver)? --Yes, I am. 6. There are a few __________ (watch) on the desk. 7. Many__________ (shelf) are in our school library. 8. He has some__________ (ink). 9. The__________ (girl) in red is Mary. 10. --How many__________ (people) are there in your family? --Three. 四、将下列名词按所给例词的词义属性归类 school; pineapple; panda; jacket; peach; cat; pen; library; hat; trousers; ruler; classroom; lemon; dress; tiger; playground; ink; eraser; shirt; elephant; ballpoint–pen; computer room; deer; pencil-case; snake; shorts; socks pencil: banana: coat: wolf: school building: 五、选择题 ( ) 1. There is __________ on the table. A. plate B. a plate C. plates ( ) 2. The big room is _____. A. the twin’s B. twins’ C. the twins’ ( ) 3. The _____ on the hills are all white. A. sheep B. sheeps C. horse ( ) 4. These new _____ are for you. A. skirt B. shoe C. shirts ( ) 5. The clock has three ______. A. legs B. tails C. faces ( ) 6. They are not in the same _______. A. class B. classes C. familys ( ) 7. Is this your _____? A. a key B. keys C. key ( ) 8. They are having _____. A. a class B. English class C. Chinese class ( ) 9. There are so many _____ in the hall. A. peoples B. people C. a people ( ) 10. The _____ has some nice pictures. A. boys B. teachers C. child ( ) 11. The _____ are dancing at the party. A. woman B. women C. man ( ) 12. The _____ are in Room 408. A. student B. a student C. students ( ) 13. --Who’s that _____? --She’s my mother. A. man B. woman C. women ( ) 14. The _____ are catching the thief. A. policeman B. policemen C. policemans ( ) 15. There are new _____ in my schoolbag. A. knife B. knifes C. knives ( ) 16. --_____ jacket is it? --May be it’s _____. A. Who’s; Toms B. What; Tom’s C. Whose; Tom’s ( ) 17. The books are the _____. A. teachers’ B. teachers C. teacher ( ) 18. There are a lot of children in the park on _____ Day. A. children B. Children’s C. Childrens’ ( ) 19. --Is it the twins’ bedroom? --Yes, it is. It’s _____ bedroom. A. Ann and Anna’s B. Ann’s and Anna’s C. Ann and Anna th( ) 20. March 8 is _____. A. Woman’s Day B. Womans’ Day C. Women’s Day ( ) 21. _____ coats are very pretty. A. Jim and Tim’s B. Jim’s and Tim’s C. Jim and Tim ( ) 22. They are going to their _____ home for dinner. A. uncles B. uncle C. uncle’s 六、根据英语解释以及首字母写单词 1. comes after afternoon e 2. a small bag with money in it w 3. the hottest season s 4. the first day of the working week M 5. the first month of a year J 6. a room for sleeping b 7. your uncle’s son or daughter c 8. the sister of your father or mother a 9. the month after July A 七、英汉互译 1.一位美国医生 2.许多绵羊 3.不同的季节 4.一杯牛奶 6. my uncle’s friend 5.凯特的家庭照 7. her cat’s name 8. the doors of the classroom 9. the twins’ mother 10. Lucy and Kate’s bedroom 八、根据中文完成句子 ). 1. When you have a headache, you should stay in bed and take some _________ (药2. My hobby is collecting ___________ (邮票). 3. Many ___________ (孩子) like watching cartoon (卡通片). 4. Every morning we should brush __________ (牙齿). 5. We must clean our __________ (教师) after school. 6. May I have another __________ (一瓶橘汁). 7. I like __________ (这条连衣裙的颜色). 8. ____________________ (汤姆和安的手套) are the same. 9. There are many __________ (狼) in the forest. 10. __________ (西红柿) are my favourite vegetable. 九、阅读理解 Look at the picture on the wall. It’s a picture of Mr. Green’s family. The old man is Jim Green. He is Mr. Green’s father. Mr. Green is a worker. His wife, Helen Green, is a doctor. They have two daughters. They are Lucy and Lily. They are twins. Lucy and Lily have a cousin, Jeff. Jeff’s parents love them all very much. ( ) 1. The old man is Lucy and Lily’s __________. A. father B. cousin C. uncle D. grandfather ( ) 2. The Greens have two __________. A. brothers B. sisters C. sons D. daughters ( ) 3. Lucy has __________. A. a friend B. a sister C. a brother D. two sisters ( ) 4. Jeff’s father is Lucy and Lily’s __________. A. uncle B. father C. brother D. grandfather ( ) 5. Lily’s mother is a __________. A. doctor B. worker C. teacher D. father 十、将下列短语改写成名词所有格的形式 1. the room of Helen and John 2. the bikes of Helen and Jane 3. the ships of the children 4. the sister of John 5. at the shop of uncle John 十一、 把下列短语译成汉语 1. a piece of bread 2. a box of apples 3. a pair of trousers 4. a bottle of orange juice 5. a cup of tea 6. a glass of water 7. a piece of news 8. seven boxes of apples 十二.、名词所有格练习. 1. __________________________(李明的父母)work in a big hospital. 2. This is __________________________________(我妹妹的语文书). 3. __________________________________(双胞胎的卧室) are very nice. 4. ______________________________(王平和王明的父亲) is a hotel manager. 5. Is this ___________________________________(你的好朋友的钢笔) ? 6. They are ___________________________________(Peter 和Sam的老师). th7. ___________________________(教师节) is on September 10 . 8. ___________________________________(学生们的桌椅) are very new. 9. We are very happy on ____________________________________(儿童节). 10. He is in _________________________________(老师的办公室) now. 11. Please open ______________________________________(教室的门). 12. ____________________________(赵敏的鞋) are white. 13. _________________________________(林红和张蔚的学校) is big and new. 14. ________________________________(John和Sally的母亲) are American. 15. _____________________________(刘伟的妻子的朋友) is from Guangzhou. 16. ______________________________(Tony哥哥的电脑) is broken. th17. It’s _____________________________(妇女节) on March 8. 18. Are these ________________________________________(男生们的书包) ? 19. That is _______________________________________(Tom和李雷的教室). 20. ____________________________(我父亲的和她父亲的朋友) are from Beijing. 1. There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall( 2. This is _______ useful book(I've read it for _______ hour( 3. _______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse( 4. _______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day( 5. Let's go out for _______ walk( 6. It's too hot(Open _______ door，please( 7. There is _______ woman over there( _______ woman is Meimei's mother( 8. _______ sun rises in _______ east( 9. _______ Changjiang River is _______ longest river in _______ China( 10. Are you going to do it _______ second time, 11. Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA( 12. _______ Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner Street( 13. He joined the army in _______ spring of _______ 1995( 14. _______ old man is _______ teacher(He likes playing _______ basketball after _______ supper( 15. After I had _______ quick breakfast，I hurried to school( 16. Are _______ sheep kept by _______ farmers for producing _______ wool and _______ meat, 17. They went to _______ People's Park，but we both went to _______ People's Cinema yesterday( 18. I often watch _______ TV in _______ evening( 19. _______ day of _______ December 20，1999 is Monday( 20. Tomorrow is _______ Christmas Day and my father and I went to choose _______ Christmas tree today( 21. I think _______ maths is more important than any other subject( 22. He often goes to _______ school by _______ bike( 23. What does this _______ word mean， _______ Father, 24. What _______ important news～ 1(a;an;the 2(a;an。第一个空的a是泛指，第二个空的an是指―一小时‖。 3(An;a。这两个空都是泛指，故都用不定冠词。 4(The;the;a。前两个空都是特指，故填the;后一个空中的a相当于every或each，three times a day意为―一天三次‖。 5(a。go out for a walk意为―出去散步‖。 6(the 7(a;The。前者泛指，后者特指。 8(The;the。第一个空用the表示太阳是世界上独一无二的物体;第二个空用the是因为在方位词的前面一般用定冠词。 9(The;the，×。第一空用the是因为在河流名称的前面用定冠词;第二空用the是因为在形容词最高级前面用定冠词;第三空―零‖冠词是因为专有名词前一般不加冠词。 10(a。a second time意为―再一次‖、―另一次‖。the second time意为―第二次‖。此句填a是表示动作的重复，而不能用the(表顺序)。 11(the;the。第一个the是特指美国的首都。第二个the是在由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加定冠词。 12(The。―the ，姓氏的复数‖表示―一家人‖或―夫妻二人‖。由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加the。 13(the;×。表示在某一年的季节名称前应加定冠词。 14(The a;×;×。在球类名称前不加冠词。泛指的三餐名称前不加冠词。 15(a。三餐名称前若有形容词，则可在形容词前加冠词，此处是泛指，故用a。 16(×;×;×;×。此句意为―农民养羊是为了产毛和肉吗,‖前两个空也可填定冠词，意为:―那些农民养的那些羊是为了产毛和肉吗,‖ 17(the;the。普通名词构成的专有名词前应加the。 18(×;the。TV前不加冠词。―早、午、晚‖名词前加冠词。 19(The;×;×。第一空是特指。日期名词前不加冠词。 20 ×;a21(×。学科名称前一般不加冠词。 22(×;×。go to school上学。by bike骑自行车。 23(×;×。指示代词不能与定冠词连用。 24 ×