狄更斯 双城记 英语 论文

Abstract There are many themes like class contradiction and revolution in this book,but at the same time Dickens put love as the subject of the novel. In this paper I will emphasis the love of the two outstanding young to their lover Lucie. The love theme under the French Revolution indicateed the distinct epochal characteristics. This paper will analysis this from three parts. The backgroud of the story, the love of Charles Darnay and Lucie,the selfless love and sacrifice of Sydney Carton. The first part I will describe some existed backgrounds of the time, and I also will indicate the class hatred. Especially the suffering of Doctor Manette at that situation. The second part I will study the love of Charles Darnay and Lucie, and analysis Doctor Man ette’s feeling for his daughter’s marriage. The last part is also the most important part, I want to analysis Sydney Carton’s characters and his selfishless of love. In conclusion, we can learn that the love theme in this novel was affected by the background and we can see the true love and goodness of humanity. Key words :love and hatred;the French Revolution;kindheartedness;selflessness 摘要 《双城记》中贯穿着阶级矛盾、革命等主题,同时狄更斯也将爱情列为这部小说的主题。这篇论文的侧重点就在于对小说中两个优秀的青年和女主露茜之间的爱恨情仇。爱情主题在特定的背景(法国大革命)下具有明显的时代特征。本文将分为三部分分析故事发生时代背景、露茜和查理代尔纳的感情以及西德尼卡尔顿对露茜的无私爱情。 第一部分分析时代背景及阶级仇恨背景。法国大革命前阶级矛盾愈演愈烈,梅尼特医生经历了那段贵族统治的残暴岁月。第二部分阐述革命背景下的爱情,梅尼特医生经过激烈的思想斗争,最终接受了代尔纳和露茜之间的爱情,体现了仁爱能化解仇恨。第三部分析了卡尔顿性格特点及牺牲自我挽救危难当中的爱情,体现了其爱情的无私和自身高尚的品质。最后得出结论,《双城记》中的爱情主题受到时代背景等的影响,体现了人性的善良和爱情的伟大。 关键词:爱恨情仇;法国大革命;仁爱;无私 I . Introduction Charles Dickens and the plot of A T ale of Two Cities Charles John Huffam Dickens was born February 7, 1812, in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. John Dickens, Charles's father, was a respectable, middle-class naval pay clerk.John Dickens received a reasonable salary, but he always spent more than he made. In 1824 he was imprisoned for debt.He lived alone in poverty in rented lodgings while the rest of his family moved into prison with his father—a common practice at that time.John Dickens was released after three months, and Charles returned to school. Dickens always remembered and hated this period of his life and the degradation it seemed to entail. Yet here he first became familiar with the lower-class people who appear throughout his novels. Dickens also returns again and again in his books to prison scenes.Dickens also returns again and again in his books to prison scenes. His first novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared in monthly installments in 1836 and 1837. It became an immensely popular best seller, making Dickens extremely famous at age twenty-four.From this time on, Dickens worked full-time as a writer. He published fourteen major novels, several plays, numerous short stories, and many other books and articles. A man of incredible energy and vitality, Dickens acted, edited a number of periodicals, and worked with various charitable organizations.Dickens's novels dominated the Victorian literary scene throughout his life. He was arguably the most popular novelist ever to write in English. A Tale of Two Cities is probably the least typically Dickensian of all Dickens's novels. Shorter than most of his greatest achievements, A Tale of Two Cities lacks what Dickens called 'elbow room.' On the other hand, A Tale of Two Cities is certainly more direct and unified than many other Dickens novels. Its plot moves quickly toward climax, it contains few extraneous details, and everything serves a clear thematic purpose. Many passages create considerable suspense, and Dickens's language in this novel, written at the peak of his powers, amazes the sensitive reader with its aptness and power to make one seem to see and feel the events and people it describes. A Tale of Two Cities is an example of Dickens's literary work. It is his most typical contact with the civic ideals of Europe. By the old sound and proverbial test a Cockney was a man born within the sound of Bow bells. That is, he was a man born within the immediate appeal of high civilisation and of eternal religion. A Tale of Two Cities is Charles Dickens's great historical novel, set against the violent upheaval of the French Revolution. The most famous and perhaps the most popular of his works, it compresses an event of immense complexity to the scale of a family history, with a cast of characters that includes a bloodthirsty ogress and an antihero as believably flawed as any in modern fiction. ⅡThe analysis of the love 1. The French Revolution ―IT WAS THE BEST OF TIMES, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the sprin g of hope, it was the winter of despair.‖ This was the beginning of A Tale of Two Cities. Acoording to this description, we can clearly learn that time and realize its situation profoundly. The story is not only a magnificent history(The French Revolution),but also a touching love story.In the history background of the French revolution, Dickens described the French social contradictions before the French revolution. Besides Charles Dickens wrote the suffering of a family to reveal the brutality of the revolution. It also exposed the exploitation of aristocrats. All this reflect Dickens’ Calm ponder to the French Revolution. And we can better realize the situation in that days, which let us can more easily to understand this novel. 2. The Love of Charles Darnay and Lucie Manette Charles Darnay was the nephew of the Marquis Brother. Darnay is an ideal character in noblemen. He is in a family with evil, but different with his family members,in his mind, the value of a man is not judged by the power and money, and it also not just for his own pleasure to hurt other people's dignity or even harm the lives of other people. “But, he had oppressed no man, he had imprisoned no man; he was so far from having harshly exacted payment of his dues, that he had relinquished them of his own will, thrown himself on a world with no favour in it, won his own private place there, and earned his own bread.” He condemned the sins of the family, abandoned the title and property for him, and determined to expaite by his action. Like Carlyle, Dickens cared less for accurate history and factual presentation than just for vivid descriptions and the meanings he had found behind the events. He did not concern himself with the revolution's immediate political or economic causes but focused on the human suffering that he believed warped the very humanity of individuals on both sides of the battle lines. While contacted with the Manette in London,Caryle produced a set of true love to Lucie Manette. And he was so lucky that Lucie had fallen in love with him. And she wanted to get married with him while her father had known that Charles was the nephew of their enemy. She was confused and once desperate. But they were together finally. Lucie’s father, Doctor Manette, for her daughter’s happiness, decided to bury the past and readily agreed to their marriage. And Lucie was deeply moved by his father’s love. ―I am very happy tonight, dear father. I am deeply happy in the love that Heaven has so blessed my love for Charles, and Charles’s love for me. But, if my life were not to be still consecrated to you, or if my marriage were so arranged as that it would part us, even by the length of a few of these streets, I should be more unhappy and self- reproachful now than I can tell you. Even as it is.‖ Doctor Manette wanted to see his daughter owning a happy life. ―He gave his arm to his daughter, and took her down-stairs to the chariot which Mr. Lorry had hired in honour of the day. The rest followed in another carriage, and soon, in a neighbouring church, where no strange eyes looked on, Charles Darnay and Lucie Manette were happily married.‖ Charles Darnay and Lucie Manette were happily married, although there were many twists and turns in their life. They got a happy ending eventually. 3. The Love of Sydney Carton and Lucie Manette Sydney Carton was a young lawyer. He was known as a self-aware functional alcoholic in this novel. Infact he was talented and quick–minded, but he was cynical and bohemian at the same time. He had a crush on Lucie, but he was so self-abased that he can’t strive for Lucie’s love. While he musterred up some courage and made a point to let Lucie known his admiring,he also in a depressed situation. A sign of Carton's selfishness is seen when he visited Lucie Manette alone, and told her of his disappointment with his life. ―It is too late for that. I shall never be better than I am. I shall sink lower, and be worse.‖ ―If it had been possible, Miss Manette, that you could have re-turned the love of the man you see before yourself flung away, wasted, drunken, poor creature of misuse as you know him to be he would have been conscious this day and hour, in spite of his happiness, that he would bring you to misery, bring you to sorrow and repentance, blight you, disgrace you, pull you down with him. I know very well that you can have no tenderness for me; I ask for none; I am even thankful that it cannot be.‖ “No, Miss Manette; all through it, I have known myself to be quite undeserving. And yet I have had the weakness, and have still the weakness, to wish you to know with what a sudden mastery you kindled me, heap of ashes that I am, into fire a fire, however, insepa- rable in its nature from myself, quickening nothing, lighting noth- ing, doing no service, idly burning away.‖ All above reflected the characters of Carton. Although he looked the same in appearance like Charles Darnay, but the fate of the two are totally different. He's a bit inferiority, for his inferior he indulge himself, and then he allowed himself to a despair situation. But in fact we can still feel his kindhearted in many aspects, especially his great love for Lucie. He once said, ―For you, and for any dear to you, I would do anything. If my career were of that better kind that there was any opportunity or capacity of sacrifice in it, I would embrace any sacrifice for you and for those dear to you.‖Many people moved by this heart-warming confession. He decided to sacrifice himself in order to save the life of Charles Darnay, who had shown himself more worthy of living it than Carton had his own. Carton regrets his being regarded as a never-do-well for having wasted his life, and chooses to give it up,hoping that his past will be forgotten and that he will be remembered for his sacrifice. His last confession in the novel was also move us so deeply. “To none. No, Miss Manette, to none. If you will hear me through a very little more, all you can ever do for me is done. I wish you to know that you have been the last dream of my soul. In my degradation I have not been so degraded but that the sight of you with your father, and of this home made such a home by you, has stirred old shadows that I thought had died out of me. Since I knew you, I have been troubled by a remorse that I thought would never reproach me again, and have heard whispers from old voices impelling me upward, that I thought were silent for ever. I have had unformed ideas of striving afresh, beginning anew, shaking off sloth and sensuality, and fighting out the abandoned fight. A dream, all a dream, that ends in nothing, and leaves the sleeper where he lay down, but I wish you to know that you inspired it.‖ We can feel his ture love to Luice and his despaired feeling. This enriched the image of Carton. Sydney Carton’s deep love for Lucy. Manette is touching, his personality is lofty and he finally got the peace of mind, for the altar of sacrifice, and, with the most beautiful emotional bid farewell to he loved ones, he is brave against oppression of love, he sacrificed his own life to help his lover, and he would get an eternal life. At the end of the novel,it wrote ―It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known.‖ A sincere feeling, a moving story, Sydney Carton can be a pure into this period of the humiliations of the love, he's a traitor who not content with the present situation, he usd his all to challenge the darkness of the world. What he wanted was the true light and hope. Ⅲ. Conclusion In brief, from what we have mentioned above, it is very obvious that A tale of Two Cities took love and hatred into the stream of the revolutionary history. And it is not merely a history about the French Revolution, it also painted a tale of love that showed the influence of human kind and reflected the great love. In this novel the French Revolution was indicated the cruel government, but it also proved that love is a great thing in the world. Especially the selfless true love of Sydeny. And love can dissolve hatred, as it can only tolerance by love. Just as Sydney Carton once had spoken to Charles that he felt that Charles like him before fell, he also said to Lucie that she liked his last but best dream. So the love for him, not only love, but carrying more things, carrying the ideal of himself and for his best lover. Besides, A Tale of Two Cities points out the human nature and some significant social thoughts. The reflection and discussion was most philosophical and stimulating. Dickens wrote the art structure with careful arrangement, beautiful language and represented the dramatic conflict characters incisively and vividly. 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