高级英语Lesson6 Disappearing Through the Skylightppt课件

Lesson6DisappearingThroughtheSkylightByOsborneBennetHardisonJr..AimsToknowthefeaturesofscientificwriting.Toanalysethestructureofthetext.Tounderstandthedeepermeaningofthetext.Toappreciatethelanguagefeatures.TeachingContents1.Scientificwriting2.Structuralismandthemainideaofthetext.3.Detailedstudyofthetext4.Organizationalpattern5.Languagefeatures6.Exercises.O.B.Hardison,Jr.(1928-1990).O.B.Hardison,Jr.O.B.Hardison,Jr.(1928-1990)BorninSanDiego,Californiain1928.,hereceivedB.A.andM.A.degreesfromtheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHillin1949and1950,respectively,andaPh.D.fromtheUniversityofWisconsinin1956.HetaughtatschoolsthatincludedPrincetonandtheUniversityofNorthCarolina,andhebecameUniversityProfessorofEnglishatGeorgetownin1984..Hardison,Englishprofessor(Georgetown),Shakespeareanscholar,andamateurphysicist,isalwaysentertainingandoftenthought-provokingAScholarlyWriterMr.Hardisonwrotenumerousbooksandarticles,aswellaspoetryandbookreviews.HisscholarlyconcernsrangedfromRenaissanceliteraturetotechnologyandchangeinmodernsociety..HeistheauthorofLyricsandElegies(1958),TheEnduringMonument(1962),EnglishLiteraryCriticism:TheRenaissance(1964),TowardFreedomandDignity:TheHumanitiesandtheIdeaofHumanity(1973),EnteringtheMaze:IdentityandChangeinModernCulture(1981)andDisappearingThroughtheSkylight(1989/1990)..EnteringtheMaze:IdentityandChangeinModernCultureInthisbook,Hardisonbeginstoreviewthewaysinwhichthecentralconceptsinnature,history,language,art,andhumanevolutionshavechangedundertheimpactofmodernscienceandtechnology..C.B.Hardison,Jr.Well-knownforhisprofoundinsightsintothechangeinmodernculturebroughtaboutbymodernscienceandtechnology.Hisprovocativeviewsarestimulatingandinformative..QuestionsHowdoyouthinkofscienceandtechnology?Whatadvantagesdotheyhave?Whatdisadvantagesdotheyhave?Whatisculture?.CultureCultureismostcommonlyusedinthreebasicsenses:Excellenceoftasteinthefineartsandhumanities,alsoknownashighculture;Anintegratedpatternofhumanknowledge,belief,andbehaviorthatdependsuponthecapacityforsymbolicthoughtandsociallearning;Thesetofsharedattitudes,values,goals,andpracticesthatcharacterizesaninstitution,organizationorgroup..CultureThesumofattitudes,customs,andbeliefsthatdistinguishesonegroupofpeoplefromanother.Cultureistransmitted,throughlanguage,materialobjects,ritual,institutions,andart,fromonegenerationtothenext.CulturalDictionary,.LowcultureHighCultureisusuallyassociatedwiththosethatarerefined,educated,and/orwealthy.Theelite.LowCultureisassociatedwiththecommonpeople,thoselesseducatedandpoor.Themasses..LowcultureLowcultureisatermforsomeformsofpopularculture.Itsoppositeishighculture.Ithasbeensaidbyculturetheoriststhatbothhighcultureandlowculturearesubcultures.Realitytelevision,popularmusic,escapistfiction,Kitsch,slapstick,camp,toilethumor,yellowjournalism,pornography,andexploitationfilmsareoftencitedexamplesoflowculture.Ithasoftenbeenstatedthatinpostmoderntimes,theboundarybetweenhighcultureandlowculturehasblurred..DisappearingThroughtheSkylight:CultureandTechnologyintheTwentiethCentury.DisappearingThroughtheSkylightisnotonlythetitleofthischapterbutalsothetitleofthebook.Thebookhasasub-title,“CultureandTechnologyintheTwentiethCentury”.TheBookAsforthecentralthemeofthisbook,thewritersays,“Thisbookisaboutthewaysculturehaschangedinthepastcentury,changingtheidentitiesofallthosebornintoit.Itsmetaphorfortheeffectofchangeoncultureis“disappearance”..TheBookAsforthe“disappearance”,Hardisonsays,“Inthenineteenthcentury,sciencepresentednatureasagroupofobjectssetcomfortablyandsolidlyinthemiddledistancebeforetheeyesofthebeholder.IntheworkofD’ArcyThompson,publishedaroundtheturnofthecentury,naturehasdisappeared.Ithasbecomeasetofgeometricandmathematicalrelationsthatlieunderthesurfaceofthevisible….….Today,naturehasslipped,perhapsfinally,beyondourfieldofvision.”.Alogicalconclusioncanbefoundinthefinalparagraphofthiskeychapterthat“Assurelyasnatureisbeingswallowedupbythemind,thebanks,youmightsay,aredisappearingthroughtheirownskylights”..DisappearingThroughtheSkylightThemetaphoricalphrase“DisappearingThroughtheSkylight”isusedtodescribethechangedappearanceofmodernbankswhichseemtobedisappearing..MainviewsinthiskeychapterThewriterputsforwardthecentralthemeof“disappearance”–naturedisappears,historydisappearsandeventhesolidbanksdisappears.(CentralTheme)Heputsforwardtheideaoftheuniversalizingtendencyofscienceandtechnology.(Theuniversalizingeffectandreflectionisworldstyles.).Mainviewsinthiskeychapter3.Themodernmanisnolongerauniqueindividual,theproductofaspecialenvironmentandculture.Thehomogeneousworldhenowlivesinuniversalizeshim.Hebecomesacosmopolitan,acitizenoftheworld..Mainviewsinthiskeychapter4.Thedisappearanceofhistoryisaformofliberationandthisfeelingofliberationisoftenexpressedthroughplay.Theplayfulnessofsciencehasproducedgametheoryandvirtualparticles,inartithasproducedthepaintingsofPicassoandJoanMiroandsoon..Scientificwriting(Englishforscienceandtechnology)1.technicaltermscylinderblock;carburettor;thermodynamics;etc.2.objective:relyingonfacts,notinvolveemotion,seldomusefiguresofspeech,exclamationtheuseofpresenttensetheuseofpassivevoice.Scientificwriting3.sentences:a)completenocontractions(dep't--department)b)long1)compoundsentences2)appositions3)parenthesis4)logicalconnectorssuchas:however;but;also;yet;finally;while;as;notonly;justas...so;etc..ScientificwritingGenerallythistechnicalwritingtendstobeveryformal.Yetthecharacteristicsofanykindoflanguagestyleisnotabsolute.Inordertomeettheneedsoftheworkforpopularscience,manyscientificworkerstrytoadoptamorepopularstyle.Thentherecomesapopularscientificandtechnicalwritingstyle..Characteristicslimittheuseoftechnicaltermsexamples---tomakethewritingmorevividandappealingtothereaders.Characteristics3.figuresofspeech--tomakethesentencesfigurativesothatthereaderscaneasilyunderstandandassociatethemwithwhattheyarefamiliarwith4.nounpre-modifiersgametheory;humangrowthgenes;themepark;museumvillages;worldcar;etc.RhetoricaldevicesMetaphorAnalogyRhetoricalquestionRepetitionBalancedstructure…Task:Trytofindexamplesofeachrhetoricaldeviceusedinthetext..OrganizationalpatternThechapterisclearlyandlogicallyorganized.Theauthor’sviewsarepresentedatthebeginningofaparagraph:scienceiscommittedtotheuniversalanddevelopedorillustratedintheparagraphitselforbysucceedingparagraphs.Majorexamples1)automobileindustry(para2—8)2)modernart(para9—13)3)modernculture(para.14-15)4)architectofbanks(16—19).Detailedstudyofthetext.Findandcommentontheuseoftopicsentences.Thewriter'sviewsaregenerallyclearlyandsuccinctlypresentedasatopicsentenceatthebeginningofeachparagraphandthendevelopedorillustratedintheparagraphitselforbysucceedingparagraphs..Commit:vt.犯(错误),干(坏事),把...交托给,提交,答应负责1)topromiseorgiveyourloyalty,timeormoneytoaparticularprinciple,personorplanofaction;giveentirelytoaspecificperson,activity,orcause.Thegovernmentmustcommititselftoimprovinghealthcare.Sheisknownchieflyforhercommitmenttonucleardisarmament.2)todosomethingwrongorillegalcommitcrimes/murder/rape/arson/suicide/adultery/error/offence,etc3)Toconsignforfutureuseorreferenceorforpreservation:commitsomethingtopaper;commitsomethingtomemory.Scienceiscommittedto…Scienceisengagedinthetaskofmakingitsbasicconceptsunderstoodandacceptedbyscientistsallovertheworld.Thisconceptofuniversalityanduniformityisoneofthebasicviewsoftheauthor.Universal:relatingto,extendingto,oraffectingtheentireworldorallwithintheworld;worldwide:.Assciencebecomessuccessful,moreandmorepeopleacceptitsbasicconcepts.Thisprovestheuniversality.thermodynamics--(sing)热力学.mutation–change,alternationachangeinthegeneticstructureofananimalorplantthatmakesitdifferentfromothersofthesamekind(转变;突变;变异)Aseriesofmutationshasresultedinlargegrainsofwheat.amutationthatcausesmicetobebornblindtechnicalachangeinaspeechsound,especiallyavowel,becauseofthesoundoftheonenexttoit.Formanyyearsthereweretwoschoolsofgenetics---aWesterngeneticsandaSovietgeneticsputforwardbyLysenko.Lysenkoputforwardthetheorythatenvironmentalstressproducesgeneticchangesandthesearetransmitted..discreditdiscredit:tomakesthstopbelievingthatsthistrue---discreditable:badandunacceptable,causingpeopletoloserespectCf.Creditbelief;trust;confidencetobelieveoradmitthatsomeonehasaquality,orhasdonesomethinggood…creditable:deservingpraiseorapproval.Para2.science:(universalized)universalitytechnology:universalizingtendency:worldhomogeneous(uniform;same;alike*diversity)world/internationalstylediminishmentofidentitiesanddifferencesdisappearanceofhistory..Corollarycorollary:corollaries[countable]formalsomethingthatisthedirectresultofsomethingelsecorollaryof/toIssocialinequalitytheinevitablecorollaryofeconomicfreedom?Technologynaturallyfollowsseience.Italsodisplaysthetendencytowarduniversalizing..homogeneoushomogeneous:consistingofpeopleorthingsthatareallofthesametype;havingsimilarityinstructurebecauseofcommondescent.=uniform;similaroridenticalTheworkingclassisnotquitesohomogeneousinitspoliticalpreference.Cf.heterogeneous;instantaneous.Thespreadoftechnologywithitsuniversalizingtendencyiswhatmakesdifferentcountriesandpeoplelookmoresimilaroridentical.Aschildren’sthoughtsandfeelingsareshapedbythissameness,theirsenseofdifferencesamongculturesandpeoplebecomesweak.Diversity:difference;variety.varietyvariation.Para3Theautomobileshowsveryclearlythisuniversalizinginfluenceofscienceandtechnology.Clarity:clearnessofappearance;clearnessofthoughtorstyle;lucidityNB:Thewriterusesfourpara.stodeveloptheideasinthisshorttopicsentence..streamline流线型的1.toformsomethingintoasmoothshape,sothatitmoveseasilythroughtheairorwater.　Allthesenewcarshavebeenstreamlined.effortstostreamlinetheproductionprocess2.tomakesomethingsuchasabusiness,organizationetcworkmoresimplyandeffectively.StreamlinedEconomics:thingsrelatedtotheecnomyofautomobilemanufacturing,suchasproductioncosts,consumerappeal,saleprice,etc.Asset:avaluableordesirablething.innovation---makingchangeintroducingnewthingstechnicalinnovationsinindustry.Atechnologicalbreakthroughlikestreamliningorall-weldedbodyconstructionmaynotbeacceptedatfirstbyallcarmakersbutifitprovesitselftobeimportantinraisingtheefficiencyorimprovingtheeconomicsofthecaritwillreappear,maybeindifferentforms,andwillnotonlybeacceptedbutregardedasavaluablethingbyallcarmanufacturers..Today’sautomobiledonotdisplayanyuniquefeaturestoshowtheyaremanufacturedbyacertaincompanyorcountry.cylinder---汽缸block---mainpartofapetrolengine,consistingofthecylinderandvalves汽缸与阀.carburetor---thatpartofaninternalcombustionengineinwhichpetrolandairaremixedtomakeanexplosivemixture(内燃机中的)汽化器.Para5Thecarmodel,calledFiesta,seemstohavedisappearedcompletely.Metaphor.Thecariscomparedtoship.Aworldcar:becausemanypartsofthecarweremanufacturedbydifferentcountries.Thiscar,however,soondisappearedcompletelyfromthemarket.inevitable---thatcan’tbeavoided,thatissuretohappen.ItwastheautomotiveequivalentoftheInternationalStyle.Theideaofaworldcarissimilartotheideaofhavingaworldstyleforarchitecture.Or:AsarchitecturewasmovingtowardacommonInternationalStyle,itwasnaturalfortheautomobiletodothesame..equivalent–n.sththathasthesameuse,functionassthelseAgoodquiltcanbetheequivalentofatleastthreeblankets.behardputtoit(todosth)---finditdifficultHewashardputtoexplainwhathadhappened..Para.6:Asin…automakingThisisanellipticalbalancedsentence.Thefullsentencemayread:“Thingsthatarehappeninginautomakingaresimilartothosehappeninginarchitecture.”..1962LincolnContinentalConvertible.1969LincolnContinentalMarkIII.Cadillac.1932VolkswagenBeetleType12.VolkswagenBeetle.Today,atadistanceof500paces,onefindsitdifficulttoseeanydifferenceinthevariouscarmodelsthatareinthesamepricerange.TellonefromanotherMake:Thestyleormannerinwhichathingismade:制作样式：生产某事物的风格或方式：dislikedthemakeofhercoat.不喜欢她衣服的样式.Traits...history:specialfeaturesinAmericancarsthatclearlydisplayedthespecialinfluenceofAmericanhistoryandcultureVisibleevidence...FerdinandPorshe:theobviousfeaturesinaVolkswagenBeetlecarclearlyshowedhowtheideaofsreamline,firstputforwardbyD’ArcyThompsonandthendevelopedbyCarlBreerandFerdinandPorsche,wasappliedinthemanufactureofautomobile..Para7Ifman….Creator:Thisshortbalancedtopicsentenceintroducesthesecondimportantviewofthewriter.Mancreatesmachinesandthemachinesthenturnaroundandchangethosewhocreatedthem.MancreatestheWorldCarandbydrivingthiskindofcarthemodernmanhimselfbecomesuniversalized.Heisbecomingacosmopolitan..Nolongerquiteanindividual,nolongerquitetheproductofauniquegeographyandculture.Themodernmannolongerhasverydistinctindividualtraitsshapedbyaspecialenvironmentandculture．.Howhasmanbecomecosmopolitan?Hedrivescarsthathavethesamebasicfeatures.Whenhegoesshopping,hefindstheclimateinalltheshopsisthesamebecausetheyareallsimilarlyair-conditioned.Whenhetravelshefindsalltheairportstobefamiliarbecausetheyareallconstructedalongsimilarlinesandthehotelstohavethesameamenities.Inaword,hefindshimselfathomeinallcountriesandplaces..cosmopolitan---oforfromallormanydifferentpartsoftheworldthe~gatheringsattheUnitedNationsAssembly联合国各种世界性集会.Theprice…oftheword,thebenefit…limitationsThedisadvantageofbeingacosmopolitanisthathelosesahomeintheoldsenseoftheword.Thebenefitofbeingacosmopolitanisthathebeginstothinktheoldkindofhomeprobablyrestrictshisdevelopmentandactivities.Suspect:tothinkitprobableorlikely;toguess;tosuppose.Para8Theuniversalizing…irresistible:Thecompellingforceoftechnologytouniversalizecannotberesisted.Imperative:Acommand;anorder..Barring..cultureExceptingagreatdisasterbroughtaboutbyanuclearwar,theuniversalizingpoweroftechnologywillcontinuetoinfluencemoderncultureandtheconsciousnessofpeoplewhoinhabitthatculture.barring:unlessthereshouldbe;exceptingprep.不包括,除非Hisbackisbrokenand,barringamiracle,hewon'twalkagain..Inhabit:Toliveorresidein.居住：住或居住在…Tobepresentin;fill:在…出现；填满：Oldchildhoodmemoriesinhabitedtheattic.旧日儿时的记忆充满了阁楼.Para.9Fromthisparagraphonwardsthewriterputsforwardanddevelopsthemainthemeofthischapterandthecentralthemeofhisbook---theinsubstantialityoftheworld,thedisappearanceoftraditionalconcepts,ofthematerialobjectsweusedtoseewithourordinaryeyes.Thisisspeciallyandclearlyreflectedinmodernartandarchitecture..FrancisPicabia(1879-1953)皮卡比亚.FrancisPicabia(1879-1953)AFrenchpainter,poet,andtypographist,associatedwithboththeDadaandSurrealistartmovements.FrenchDadaist/SurrealistPainter.达达主义是一场兴起于一战时期的苏黎世，波及视觉艺术、文学（主要是诗歌）、戏剧和美术 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 等领域的文艺运动。达达主义是20世纪西方文艺发展历程中的一个重要流派，是第一次世界大战颠覆、摧毁旧有欧洲社会和文化秩序的产物。达达主义作为一场文艺运动持续的时间并不长，波及范围却很广，对20世纪的一切现代主义文艺流派都产生了影响。.MachineTurnQuickly,1916-1918,temperaonpaper,UnitedStatesNationalGalleryofArt.TheJoyinBlindness/Bonheurdel'aveuglement.1947.Oilonwood.Privatecollection..DadaorDadaismManyDadaistsbelievedthatthe'reason'and'logic'ofbourgeoiscapitalistsocietyhadledpeopleintowar.Theyexpressedtheirrejectionofthatideologyinartisticexpressionthatappearedtorejectlogicandembracechaosandirrationality..Anti-artAnti-artisaloosely-usedtermappliedtoanarrayofconceptsandattitudesthatrejectpriordefinitionsofartandquestionartingeneral.Anti-arttendstoconductthisquestioningandrejectionfromthevantagepointofart.ThetermisassociatedwiththeDadamovementandisgenerallyacceptedasattributabletoMarcelDuchamppre-WorldWarI,whenhebegantousefoundobjectsasart..Anti-artAnexpressionofanti-artcantaketheformofartornot.Ingeneral,anti-artrejectsonlysomeaspectsofart.Dependingonthecase,"anti-artworks"mayrejectconventionalartisticstandards..MarcelDuchampL.H.O.O.Q.1919.SurrealismSurrealismdevelopedoutoftheDadaactivitiesduringWorldWarIandthemostimportantcenterofthemovementwasParis.Fromthe1920sonward,themovementspreadaroundtheglobe,eventuallyaffectingthevisualarts,literature,filmandmusicofmanycountriesandlanguages,aswellaspoliticalthoughtandpractice,philosophyandsocialtheory..SurrealismA20thcenturystyleandmovementinartandliteratureinwhichimagesandeventsthatarenotconnectedareputtogetherinastrangeorimpossibleway,likeadream,totrytoexpresswhatishappeningdeepinthemind.Surrealistworksfeaturetheelementofsurprise,unexpectedjuxtapositionsandnonsequitur(前后不符;不合理的推论).emphasisoncontentandfreeform.SurrealismThemajorSurrealistpainterswereJeanArp;MaxErnst;AndréMasson;RenéMagritte;YvesTanguy;SalvadorDalí;PierreRoy;PaulDelvaux;JoanMiró..JoanMiróPortraitofJoanMiro,Barcelona1935..JoanMiróPaintingofRooster(left)JoanMiroPainting"Daybreak“right).JoanMiró,TheTilledField,(1923–1924),SolomonR.GuggenheimMuseum.Thisearlypainting,acomplexarrangementofobjectsandfigures,wasMiró'sfirstSurrealistmasterpiece.MarcelDuchamp(1887–1968)FrenchartistwhoseworkismostoftenassociatedwiththeDadaistandSurrealistmovements.NudeDescendingaStaircase,No.2(French:Nudescendantunescaliern°2)isa1912paintingbyMarcelDuchamp.TheworkiswidelyregardedasaModernistclassicandhasbecomeoneofthemostfamousofitstime.InitsfirstpresentationattheParisianSalondesIndépendants,itwasrejectedbytheCubistsandcausedahugestirduringitsexhibitionatthe1913ArmoryShowinNewYorkfollowingapresscopyofanabusescandal.TheworkisnowfoundinpermanentexhibitionattheLouisandWalterArensbergCollectionofthePhiladelphiaMuseumofArtinPhiladelphia..NudeDescendingaStaircase,No.2ThepaintingcombineselementsofboththeCubistandFuturistmovements.Inthecomposition,Duchampdepictsmotionbysuccessivesuperimposed(叠加的)images,similartostroboscopic(频闪观测的)motionphotography..TheoriginalFountainbyMarcelDuchamp,1917,Fountainisa1917workbyMarcelDuchamp.Itisoneofthepieceswhichhecalledreadymades(alsoknownasfoundart),becausehemadeuseofanalreadyexistingobject—inthiscaseaurinal,whichhetitledFountainandsigned"R.Mutt".TheartshowtowhichDuchampsubmittedthepiecestatedthatallworkswouldbeaccepted,butFountainwasnotactuallydisplayed,andtheoriginalhasbeenlost.Theworkisregardedbysomeasamajorlandmarkin20thcenturyart.ReplicascommissionedbyDuchampinthe1960sarenowondisplayinanumberofdifferentmuseums..theEiffelTower,Paris.theEiffelTower,Parisanimmensestructureofexposedlatticeworksupportsmadeofpuddleiron,waserectedfortheParisExpositionof1889..theEiffelTower,ParisHowever,thecontroversialtowerelicitedsomestrongreactions,andapetitionof300waspresentedtothecitygovernment,protestingitsconstruction."We,thewriters,painters,sculptors,architectsandloversofthebeautyofParis,doprotestwithallourvigorandallourindignation,inthenameofFrenchtasteandendangeredFrenchartandhistory,againsttheuselessandmonstrousEiffelTower.".theEiffelTower,ParisNatureloversthoughtthatitwouldinterferewiththeflightofbirdsoverParis.ButtheEiffelTowerwasadmiredbyRousseau,Utrillo,Chagall,andDelaunay.Itwasalmosttorndownin1909attheexpirationofits20-yearlease,butwassavedbecauseofitsantenna—usedfortelegraphyatthattime.Beginningin1910itbecamepartoftheInternationalTimeService.Frenchradio(since1918),andFrenchtelevision(since1957)havealsomadeuseofitsstature.Inthe1960s,itwasthesubjectofawonderfulstudybysemiologistRolandBarthes..MachineaestheticsArchitecturethatsuggestedsomethingmachine-made,acknowledgingindustrialization,mass-production,andengineering,orthatusedelementsofmetalstructures(ships,aeroplanes,motorcars,etc.)inaneclecticfashion,moreamatterofarrivingatanappearancethanofactuallybeingwhatitseemed,afactthatcontradicteddemandsforhonestyandtruthinarchitecture,anddeniedthelogicofstructuralprinciples..MachineaestheticsTermappliedtotheconceptofthemachineasasourceofbeauty,aconceptparticularlyimportantinthedevelopmentofartanddesigninEuropeandNorthAmericainthe20thcentury.Itcanbeargued,however,thattheoriginsofthemachineaestheticlieinthe19thcentury,althoughfew19th-centuryarchitects,designersorwriterswerewillingtothinkofmachinesasinthemselvespotentialsourcesofbeauty..机器美学机器美学:其含义有三方面：其一，建筑应象机器一样符合实际的功用，强调功能和形式之间的逻辑关系，反对附加装饰；其二，建筑象机器那样可以放置在任何地方，强调建筑风格的普遍适应性；其三，建筑应象机器那样高效，强调建筑和经济之间的关系。柯布西耶的“房屋是居住的机器”就是基于这种思想而提出的。机器美学追求机器造型中的简洁、秩序和几何形式以及机器本身所体现出来的理性和逻辑性，以产生一种 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 化的、纯而又纯的模式。其视觉 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现一般是以简单立方体及其变化为基础的，强调直线、空间、比例、体积等要素，并抛弃一切附加的装饰。在机器美学被实际应用到机器本身之前，首先在建筑和一些实用艺术品上得到体现。在这里，对于机器的兴趣不如说是对于简单、抽象形式的兴。.Machineaesthetics.LeCorbusier(1887-1965)Designs.proposition/propose1.Thepropositionissoclearthatitneedsnoexplanation.(statement)2.ImadewhatIhopedwasanattractiveproposition.(suggestion/proposal)3.It'satough/notaneasyproposition.((infml口)mattertobedealtwith;problemortask;apersonormattertobedealtwith)要对付处理的人或事物atough~难对付的人或事物4.technicalsomethingthatmustbeproved,oraquestionto