物流英语英文版教学课件汇总整本书电子教案全套教学教程

物流英语2015年8月授课方式课堂讲授课堂讨论、 ppt 关于艾滋病ppt课件精益管理ppt下载地图下载ppt可编辑假如ppt教学课件下载triz基础知识ppt 分组展示考核与成绩平时成绩40％；期末考试60％考核方式：平时 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 现、作业+期末闭卷考试ChapteroneIntroductionofLogisticsText1:Logistics:whatitisText2:ActivitiesinthelogisticalSystemSupplementaryreading:CareerinLogisticsLearningobjectiveTounderstandthedefinitionoflogisticsToUnderstandasimplelogisticscontractTolearntheactivitiesinlogisticssystemToknowaboutlogisticscareerTextOne:Logistics:whatitisKeytermsLogistics物流definitionoflogistics物流的定义CouncilofLogisticsManagement(CLM)物流管理flowandstorageofgoods物品的流动和存储plan,implementandcontrol计划，实行和控制customerrequirements客户需求whatislogistics?DefinitionprovidedbyCSCM(CouncilofSupplyChainManagementProfessionals)logisticsistheprocessofplanning,implementingandcontrollingtheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,servicesandrelatedinformationfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionforthepurposeofmeetingcustomerrequirements.Analysisoflogisticsdefinitionlogisticsisaprocessof“plan,implement,andcontrol.”Thatmeans—logisticsshouldbeinvolvedinallthreeactivities,planning,implementing,controlling—notjustoneortwoAnalysisoflogisticsdefinition(cont’)Definitionalsorefersto“efficientandeffectiveflowandstorage”.Question:whatisthedifferencesbetweenthesetwowords“efficient”and“effective”?Analysisoflogisticsdefinition(cont’)Thedefinitionalsoindicatesthatlogisticsinvolvestheflowandstorageof“goods,services,andrelatedinformation.”Thatmeans--logisticsisasmuchabouttheflowandstorageofinformationasitisabouttheflowandstorageofgoods.Advancesininformationtechnologymakeitincreasinglyeasy—andlesscostly—forcompaniestoobtainimportantinformationtomakelogisticaldecision.Analysisoflogisticsdefinition(cont’)Finally,thedefinitionindicatesthatthepurposeoflogisticsistomeetcustomerrequirements.Thisimpliesthatlogisticsstrategiesandplansshouldbebaseduponcustomerwantsandneeds.Notes:1.LogisticsisahottopicinChinaandthewholeworld.Althoughitisanythingbutanewbornbaby,lotsofpeoplestillhavelimitedawarenessof,andknowledgeaboutlogistics.物流是一个中国乃至全世界的热门话 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 。虽然它已经不是一个新生事物了，但是不少人对物流的认识仍然有限。beawareofsomething：意识到Example:Johnhasbeenawareofhavingdonesomethingwrong.约翰已意识到自己做错了事情。2.Toavoidpotentialmisunderstandingaboutthemeaningoflogistics,thisbookadoptsthecurrentdefinitionprovidedbytheCouncilofSupplyChainManagementProfessionals(CSCMP)——oneoftheworld’smostprominentorganizationsforlogisticsprofessionals.为了避免可能发生的对物流含义的误解，本 书 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 采用美国供应链管理专业协会（前身为美国物流管理协会）目前的定义，该协会是全世界物流专业领域中最著名的组织。toavoidsomething(doingsomething)避免，避开Example:Shetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.她试图避而不答我的问题。3.Logisticsistheprocessofplanning,implementingandcontrollingtheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,servicesandrelatedinformationfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionforthepurposeofmeetingcustomerrequirements.物流是计划实施和控制商品的快速、高效流动和储存，以及从源头到消费的服务和信息的全过程，以满足客户的需求。这里我们要注意efficientandeffective这两个词的区别：Efficient指的是效率高的,有能力的，而effective强调的是有效的，有影响的。4.First,logisticsisaprocessof“plan,implement,andcontrol.”Ofparticularimportanceistheword“and”,whichsuggeststhatlogisticsshouldbeinvolvedinallthreeactivities,planning,implementing,controlling—notjustoneortwo.首先，物流是“计划，执行与控制”。特别重要的是这个“与”字，它指出物流应该包括所有这三方面——计划，执行和控制——而不仅仅是其中一个或两个方面。TopicforDiscussion:讨论话题1.Islogisticsanewconcept?Ifitisnot,doyouknowanythingabouttheoriginandhistoryoflogistics?Pleasesharetheinformationyouhavewithyourgroupmember.2.Howmuchdoyouknowabouttheliteralmeaningoflogistics?TextTwo:ActivitiesinthelogisticalSystemKeyTerms:demandforecasting需求预测transportation运输warehousing仓储inventorymanagement库存管理materialhandling物料搬运packaging包装informationprocessing信息处理procurement采购productionplanning生产计划customerservice客户服务Logisticalactivities:Activitiesinclude:demandforecasting,transportation,warehousing,inventorycontrol,materialhandling,packaging,informationprocessing,procurement,productionplanning,customerservice……DemandforecastingDemandforecastingreferstoeffortstoestimateproductdemandinafuturetimeperiod.Question:Whydemandforecastingisimportantforacompany?LookuptheanswerfromyourtextbookTransportation:Transportationrefertothephysicalmovementofgoodsfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionitinvolvesselectionofthetransportmode,routingoftheshipment,compliancewithregulationintheregionofthecountry,andselectionofcarriers.TransportationisoftenthemostcostlylogisticsactivityInventoryManagementInventoryreferstostocksofgoodthataremaintainedforavarietyofpurposes,suchasforresaletoothers,aswellastosupportmanufacturingorassemblingprocesses.WarehousingWarehousingreferstoplaceswhereinventorycanbestoredforaparticularperiodoftime.Inthepastdecades,importantchangeshaveoccurredwithrespecttotheroleofwarehousingincontemporarylogisticssystemPackagingPackagingcanhavebothamarketing(consumerpackaging)andlogistical(industrialpackaging)dimension.Industrialpackagingfocusonprotectingtheproductwhileitisbeingshippedandstored.Toomuchpackagingincreasescostswhileinadequateprotectioncanresultinmerchandisedamageand,ultimately,customerdissatisfaction.MaterialshandlingMaterialshandlingreferstotheshort-distancemovementofproductswithintheconfinesofafacility(e.g.,plant,warehouse).Question:whymanagerstendstotominimizethenumberofhandlingwheneverpossible.LookuptheanswerfromyourtextbookInformationmanagementInformationiswhatlinksallareasofthelogisticssystemtogether.firmsarelinkingtheirinternallogisticsinformationsystemswiththoseoftheirsuppliers,customersandotherpartner.Suchanopenexchangeofinformationcanresultinfasterorderplacement,quickerdelivery,andgreateraccountabilitythroughoutthelogisticsprocess.ProcurementProcurementreferstotherawmaterials,componentparts,andsuppliesboughtfromoutsideorganizationstosupportacompany’soperation.ProductionplanningItcanbeconcludedunderlogisticsbecausemanufacturingneedcomponentandrawmaterialsinordertomikefinishedgoodsthatare,inturn,demandedbyacustomer.CustomerserviceCustomerserviceinvolvesmakingsurethattherightpersonreceivetherightproductwiththerightquantityattherightplaceattherighttimeintherightconditionattherightcost.Note1.Inventoryreferstostocksofgoodthataremaintainedforavarietyofpurposes,suchasforresaletoothers,aswellastosupportmanufacturingorassemblingprocesses.存货指的是为不同目的而保留的储存货物，例如要转卖给他人的货物，用于支持生产或组装过程的货物。Avarietyof种种，若干。2.Warehousingreferstoplaceswhereinventorycanbestoredforaparticularperiodoftime.Inthepastdecades,importantchangeshaveoccurredwithrespecttotheroleofwarehousingincontemporarylogisticssystem.仓库指的是一段时间内用来存储存货的地方。在过去的十年中，仓储在现代物流系统中的角色发生了重要的变化。Withrespectto关于，至于。3.Packagingcanhavebothamarketing(consumerpackaging)andlogistical(industrialpackaging)dimension.包装包括营销包装（消费包装）和物流包装（工业包装）两种类型。4.Materialshandlingreferstotheshort-distancemovementofproductswithintheconfinesofafacility(e.g.,plant,warehouse).物资搬运指的是产品在同一设施（如工厂，仓库）内的短距离移动。5.Procurementreferstotherawmaterials,componentparts,andsuppliesboughtfromoutsideorganizationstosupportacompany’soperation.采购是指从公司外部购买原材料，零部件以支持公司的运作。6.Customerserviceinvolvesmakingsurethattherightpersonreceivetherightproductwiththerightquantityattherightplaceattherighttimeintherightconditionattherightcost.客户服务包括要以恰当的成本使恰当的客户在恰当的时间，恰当的地点以恰当的状况和恰当的价格收到他想要的（恰当的）产品。这7个恰当“rights”就是物流服务的核心理念，他和CSCMP所定义的物流的目的，任务是吻合的，只是关注的角度不同，因此也有学者用这7个“恰当”来定义“物流”这个概念。Exercises:PleasetranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintoChinese1)Forexample,ifacompanypromisesthatallorderswillbeshippedwithin24hoursofreceipt,whatpercentageofordersareactuallyshippedwithin24hoursofreceipt?2)Transportationrefertothephysicalmovementofgoodsfrompointoforigintopointofconsumption,itinvolvesselectionofthetransportmode,routingoftheshipment,compliancewithregulationintheregionofthecountry,andselectionofcarriers.3)Toachievegoodinventorymanagement,logisticiansneedtobalancethecostofmaintainingadditionalproductsonhandagainsttheriskofnothavingthoseitemswhenthecustomerwantsthem.4)Suchanopenexchangeofinformationcanresultinfasterorderplacement,quickerdelivery,andgreateraccountabilitythroughoutthelogisticsprocess.5)Weshouldkeepinmindthatonelogisticssystemdoesnotfitallcompanies.Thenumberofactivitiesinalogisticssystemcanvaryfromcompanytocompany.DebatePropositions:1.AccordingtothedefinitiongivenbyCSCMP,thepurposeoflogisticsistomeetcustomerrequirements.Buthowaboutthecompany’sneedandbenefit?Ifwealwaysfocusonmakingthecustomershappy,thecompany’sprofitmightdrop.Whatisyourideaaboutthisdilemma(进退两难的局面,困难的选择)?2.Somepeoplethinklogisticalprofessionalsshouldgethighersalary,doyouagree?方式课堂讲授课堂讨论考核与成绩平时成绩20％；期末考试80％考核方式：平时作业+期末闭卷考试ChapteroneOverviewofLogisticsText1:Logistics:whatitisText2:ActivitiesinthelogisticalSystemSupplementaryreading:CareerinLogisticsLearningobjectiveTounderstandthedefinitionoflogisticsTolearntheactivitiesinlogisticssystemToknowaboutlogisticscareerTextOne:Logistics:whatitisKeytermsLogistics物流definitionoflogistics物流的定义CouncilofLogisticsManagement(CLM)物流管理flowandstorageofgoods物品的流动和存储plan,implementandcontrol计划，实行和控制customerrequirements客户需求whatislogistics?DefinitionprovidedbyCSCM(CouncilofSupplyChainManagementProfessionals)logisticsistheprocessofplanning,implementingandcontrollingtheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,servicesandrelatedinformationfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionforthepurposeofmeetingcustomerrequirements.Analysisoflogisticsdefinitionlogisticsisaprocessof“plan,implement,andcontrol.”Thatmeans—logisticsshouldbeinvolvedinallthreeactivities,planning,implementing,controlling—notjustoneortwoAnalysisoflogisticsdefinition(cont’)Definitionalsorefersto“efficientandeffectiveflowandstorage”.Question:whatisthedifferencesbetweenthesetwowords“efficient”and“effective”?Analysisoflogisticsdefinition(cont’)Thedefinitionalsoindicatesthatlogisticsinvolvestheflowandstorageof“goods,services,andrelatedinformation.”Thatmeans--logisticsisasmuchabouttheflowandstorageofinformationasitisabouttheflowandstorageofgoods.Advancesininformationtechnologymakeitincreasinglyeasy—andlesscostly—forcompaniestoobtainimportantinformationtomakelogisticaldecision.Analysisoflogisticsdefinition(cont’)Finally,thedefinitionindicatesthatthepurposeoflogisticsistomeetcustomerrequirements.Thisimpliesthatlogisticsstrategiesandplansshouldbebaseduponcustomerwantsandneeds.Notes:1.LogisticsisahottopicinChinaandthewholeworld.Althoughitisanythingbutanewbornbaby,lotsofpeoplestillhavelimitedawarenessof,andknowledgeaboutlogistics.物流是一个中国乃至全世界的热门话题。虽然它已经不是一个新生事物了，但是不少人对物流的认识仍然有限。beawareofsomething：意识到Example:Johnhasbeenawareofhavingdonesomethingwrong.约翰已意识到自己做错了事情。2.Toavoidpotentialmisunderstandingaboutthemeaningoflogistics,thisbookadoptsthecurrentdefinitionprovidedbytheCouncilofSupplyChainManagementProfessionals(CSCMP)——oneoftheworld’smostprominentorganizationsforlogisticsprofessionals.为了避免可能发生的对物流含义的误解，本书采用美国供应链管理专业协会（前身为美国物流管理协会）目前的定义，该协会是全世界物流专业领域中最著名的组织。toavoidsomething(doingsomething)避免，避开Example:Shetriedtoavoidansweringmyquestions.她试图避而不答我的问题。3.Logisticsistheprocessofplanning,implementingandcontrollingtheefficient,effectiveflowandstorageofgoods,servicesandrelatedinformationfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionforthepurposeofmeetingcustomerrequirements.物流是计划实施和控制商品的快速、高效流动和储存，以及从源头到消费的服务和信息的全过程，以满足客户的需求。这里我们要注意efficientandeffective这两个词的区别：Efficient指的是效率高的,有能力的，而effective强调的是有效的，有影响的。4.First,logisticsisaprocessof“plan,implement,andcontrol.”Ofparticularimportanceistheword“and”,whichsuggeststhatlogisticsshouldbeinvolvedinallthreeactivities,planning,implementing,controlling—notjustoneortwo.首先，物流是“计划，执行与控制”。特别重要的是这个“与”字，它指出物流应该包括所有这三方面——计划，执行和控制——而不仅仅是其中一个或两个方面。TopicforDiscussion:讨论话题1.Islogisticsanewconcept?Ifitisnot,doyouknowanythingabouttheoriginandhistoryoflogistics?Pleasesharetheinformationyouhavewithyourgroupmember.2.Howmuchdoyouknowabouttheliteralmeaningoflogistics?TextTwo:ActivitiesinthelogisticalSystemKeyTerms:demandforecasting需求预测transportation运输warehousing仓储inventorymanagement库存管理materialhandling物料搬运packaging包装informationprocessing信息处理procurement采购productionplanning生产计划customerservice客户服务Logisticalactivities:Activitiesinclude:demandforecasting,transportation,warehousing,inventorycontrol,materialhandling,packaging,informationprocessing,procurement,productionplanning,customerservice……DemandforecastingDemandforecastingreferstoeffortstoestimateproductdemandinafuturetimeperiod.Question:Whydemandforecastingisimportantforacompany?LookuptheanswerfromyourtextbookTransportation:Transportationrefertothephysicalmovementofgoodsfrompointoforigintopointofconsumptionitinvolvesselectionofthetransportmode,routingoftheshipment,compliancewithregulationintheregionofthecountry,andselectionofcarriers.TransportationisoftenthemostcostlylogisticsactivityInventoryManagementInventoryreferstostocksofgoodthataremaintainedforavarietyofpurposes,suchasforresaletoothers,aswellastosupportmanufacturingorassemblingprocesses.WarehousingWarehousingreferstoplaceswhereinventorycanbestoredforaparticularperiodoftime.Inthepastdecades,importantchangeshaveoccurredwithrespecttotheroleofwarehousingincontemporarylogisticssystemPackagingPackagingcanhavebothamarketing(consumerpackaging)andlogistical(industrialpackaging)dimension.Industrialpackagingfocusonprotectingtheproductwhileitisbeingshippedandstored.Toomuchpackagingincreasescostswhileinadequateprotectioncanresultinmerchandisedamageand,ultimately,customerdissatisfaction.MaterialshandlingMaterialshandlingreferstotheshort-distancemovementofproductswithintheconfinesofafacility(e.g.,plant,warehouse).Question:whymanagerstendstotominimizethenumberofhandlingwheneverpossible.LookuptheanswerfromyourtextbookInformationmanagementInformationiswhatlinksallareasofthelogisticssystemtogether.firmsarelinkingtheirinternallogisticsinformationsystemswiththoseoftheirsuppliers,customersandotherpartner.Suchanopenexchangeofinformationcanresultinfasterorderplacement,quickerdelivery,andgreateraccountabilitythroughoutthelogisticsprocess.ProcurementProcurementreferstotherawmaterials,componentparts,andsuppliesboughtfromoutsideorganizationstosupportacompany’soperation.ProductionplanningItcanbeconcludedunderlogisticsbecausemanufacturingneedcomponentandrawmaterialsinordertomikefinishedgoodsthatare,inturn,demandedbyacustomer.CustomerserviceCustomerserviceinvolvesmakingsurethattherightpersonreceivetherightproductwiththerightquantityattherightplaceattherighttimeintherightconditionattherightcost.Note1.Inventoryreferstostocksofgoodthataremaintainedforavarietyofpurposes,suchasforresaletoothers,aswellastosupportmanufacturingorassemblingprocesses.存货指的是为不同目的而保留的储存货物，例如要转卖给他人的货物，用于支持生产或组装过程的货物。Avarietyof种种，若干。2.Warehousingreferstoplaceswhereinventorycanbestoredforaparticularperiodoftime.Inthepastdecades,importantchangeshaveoccurredwithrespecttotheroleofwarehousingincontemporarylogisticssystem.仓库指的是一段时间内用来存储存货的地方。在过去的十年中，仓储在现代物流系统中的角色发生了重要的变化。Withrespectto关于，至于。3.Packagingcanhavebothamarketing(consumerpackaging)andlogistical(industrialpackaging)dimension.包装包括营销包装（消费包装）和物流包装（工业包装）两种类型。4.Materialshandlingreferstotheshort-distancemovementofproductswithintheconfinesofafacility(e.g.,plant,warehouse).物资搬运指的是产品在同一设施（如工厂，仓库）内的短距离移动。5.Procurementreferstotherawmaterials,componentparts,andsuppliesboughtfromoutsideorganizationstosupportacompany’soperation.采购是指从公司外部购买原材料，零部件以支持公司的运作。6.Customerserviceinvolvesmakingsurethattherightpersonreceivetherightproductwiththerightquantityattherightplaceattherighttimeintherightconditionattherightcost.客户服务包括要以恰当的成本使恰当的客户在恰当的时间，恰当的地点以恰当的状况和恰当的价格收到他想要的（恰当的）产品。这7个恰当“rights”就是物流服务的核心理念，他和CSCMP所定义的物流的目的，任务是吻合的，只是关注的角度不同，因此也有学者用这7个“恰当”来定义“物流”这个概念。Exercises:PleasetranslatethefollowingEnglishsentencesintoChinese1)Forexample,ifacompanypromisesthatallorderswillbeshippedwithin24hoursofreceipt,whatpercentageofordersareactuallyshippedwithin24hoursofreceipt?2)Transportationrefertothephysicalmovementofgoodsfrompointoforigintopointofconsumption,itinvolvesselectionofthetransportmode,routingoftheshipment,compliancewithregulationintheregionofthecountry,andselectionofcarriers.3)Toachievegoodinventorymanagement,logisticiansneedtobalancethecostofmaintainingadditionalproductsonhandagainsttheriskofnothavingthoseitemswhenthecustomerwantsthem.4)Suchanopenexchangeofinformationcanresultinfasterorderplacement,quickerdelivery,andgreateraccountabilitythroughoutthelogisticsprocess.5)Weshouldkeepinmindthatonelogisticssystemdoesnotfitallcompanies.Thenumberofactivitiesinalogisticssystemcanvaryfromcompanytocompany.DebatePropositions:1.AccordingtothedefinitiongivenbyCSCMP,thepurposeoflogisticsistomeetcustomerrequirements.Buthowaboutthecompany’sneedandbenefit?Ifwealwaysfocusonmakingthecustomershappy,thecompany’sprofitmightdrop.Whatisyourideaaboutthisdilemma(进退两难的局面,困难的选择)?2.Somepeoplethinklogisticalprofessionalsshouldgethighersalary,doyouagree?ChapterTwoPurchasingLearningobjectiveTounderstandthestepsofpurchasingToUnderstandthekeytermsintheprocessofpurchasingTolearnhowtoformulateapurchasingplanforasmallbusinessTolearntheimportantfactorsinbidderselectionUnit2PurchasingText1PurchasingDialogue1WhatisPurchasingText2PurchasingProcessDialogue2OrderingEquipmentText1Purchasing【Para1】DefinitionofPurchasing（采购的概念）Purchasingisnotsimplybuyinggoodsandservices,anditisagroupoffunctionalactivitiesassociatedwithbuyingthegoodsandservicesrequiredbyorganizations.Theseactivitiesincludesupplieridentificationandselection,buying,negotiationandcontracting,supplymarketresearch,suppliermeasurementandimprovement,andpurchasingsystemsdevelopment,etc.Text1Purchasing【Para2】theRoleofPurchasing（采购的作用）Themostimportantandtraditionalroleofpurchasingistomeettherequirementsofinternalusers.Inthepast,theemphasiswaslaidtobuywhatfirmsneedfromtherightsource,attherightprice,intherightquantity,totherightinternalcustomerandattherightspecifications.However,withtheincreaseofoutsourcing,firmsaremoreandmorerelyingonexternalsupplierstoprovidenotjustmaterialsandproducts,butalsoinformationtechnology,service,andevenlogistics.Therefore,toensuretheuninterruptedflowofhigh-qualitygoodsandservicesisbecomingmorecriticalformodernenterprises.Text1PurchasingPurchasingdepartmentmustdevelopandmaintaincloserelationshipswithotherfunctionalgroupswithintheorganizationwhichmayincludemanufacturing,marketing,technologyandfinance.Effectivecommunicationwiththesedepartmentsisessentialandnecessaryforthewholeorganizationtokeepascompetitive.Forexample,ifasupplier’scomponentsaredefectiveandcausingproblemformanufacturing,thenthepurchasingdepartmentmustworkwiththesuppliertoimprovetheirquality.Text1PurchasingInordertoensurethecurrentsuppliersarecompetitive,purchasingmustidentifynewsuppliersandimproveorreplacetheexistingsupplierswhoarenotmeetingtherequirements.Thatmeansthatpurchasingneedstokeepabreastofthenewestconditionsinsupplymarket.Text1Purchasing【Para3】theNeedofPurchasing（采购需求）Nowadaystheneedforpurchasingtobeinvolvedincorporatestrategyhasreceivedagreatdealofattention.Thereasonisthattheamountofmoneyspentonpurchasinghasincreasedsignificantly,andthepotentialsavingsfromstrategicmanagementofpurchasingareconsiderable.Anotherfactoristhetrendtowardoutsourcing,whichmeansfirmsmustmanagetheirsupplierseffectively.Nowitisbelievedthatsuppliersplayacriticalroleinsupportingafirm’scompetitivestrategy,whetheritiscostleadership,differentiation,oramixedstrategy.Text1Purchasing【Para4】DecisionofPurchasing（采购决策）Purchasingthoseproductsandserviceswhichfirmscannotproduceisnecessaryandeasilyunderstood,butiftheycanmakeorprovidetheseproductsandservicesin-house,whatwilltheydo?Decisionsaboutwhetheraproducerofgoodsorserviceswillinsourceoroutsourcearealsocalledmake-or-buydecisions.Answeringsuchquestionsisoftennotasobviousasblackandwhite.Text1PurchasingTomakeitclear,managementneedstoanswerthequestion:Whatisthedifferenceinrelevantcostsbetweenthealternatives?Therefore,itisnecessarytocalculatecostsamongalternativesandconsideritsresourcesandopportunitycost.Finally,someotherstrategicissuesalsoneedtobetakenintoaccount.Text1PurchasingNewWordsandPhrasesfunctionaladj.功能的internaladj.内部的specificationn.规格,规范outsourcingn.外包，外购ensurev.确保uninterruptedadj.不间断的，连续的enterprisen.企业，商业机构Text1Purchasingfinancen.财务，金融essentialadj.基本的，必需的competitiveadj.有竞争力的，竞争的componentn.零件，部分defectiveadj.有缺陷的differentiationn.差异化relevantadj.相关的，相应的alternativeadj.选择性的，二中选一的Text1Purchasingstrategicadj.战略上的，关键的laidto把……归于relyon依赖，依靠keepabreastof保持与...并列costleadership成本领先opportunitycost机会成本takeintoaccount重视，考虑Text1PurchasingNotes1．Theseactivitiesin