语料库分析abstract

语料库分析abstract经典句型：Move1（研究目的、背景）：Weconductedlarge-scaletrialsin…toinvestigateeffectsof…/…studyhasshowthat…,but…isunknown./…haveshown…,butpreviousstudieswererestrictedto…/Move2（研究方法、内容）:Weexploretheconsequencesof…/Weassessed…byresearching(counting)…/Wealsoperformedcomparativeanalysisof…/Weexaminedtheassociationof…/Weanalyzedtherelationshipbetween…and…/Thiswasrevealedthroughanalysisof…/Weareinvestigating…Move3(研究发现):…canvarywidely./Thereis(are)…/…canbe…/…revealedthat…/..areassociatedwithincreasesin…/..wasreducedto…/…hadlower(higher)valueswhen../…hasmore(less).../Here,weshowthat…/Wefoundthat…/Wedemonstratethat…/Therewasnoassociationbetween…/Move4（研究结论、意义）:…resultsin…/Thus,…can…/…islikelythat…/…shouldbe…/…willaidstudiesof…/Ourfindingsuncover…andimplicates…/Ourresultsillustratealinkbetween…/Ourfindingssuggestthat…核心词汇汇总表：M1M2M3M4引出研究目的的核心名词核心词汇语料库中出现的频次引出研究方法的核心名词核心词汇语料库中出现的频次引出研究结果的核心动词核心词汇语料库中出现的频次 核心词汇语料库中出现的频次Purpose（s)6Method(s)134Show(s)19Suggest(s)36Aim（s)21approach16Reveal(s/ed)71uncover1Objective(s)7analysis169Result(s)278Implicate(s)1Goal(s)13assosiation7  Fingding(s)16        引出研究背景的核心动词V.核心词汇语料库中出现的频次引出研究内容的核心动词V.核心词汇语料库中出现的频次引出研究发现核心动词核心词汇语料库中出现的频次引出研究意义/涵义的核心词汇Aid(s)15Shows(s)/shown19Present（s)/presented59Find(s)/found93Uncover(s)1Is/am/are705Describe(s/ed)24Suggest(s/ed)69  conducted22Explain(s)/explained13Indicate(s)12Help(s)11  analyze18Illustrate(s/ed)7  Abstract1 16NYJJ.ABS（M1：问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 陈述）IfagricultureweretobeincludedinAustralia'scarbonpricescheme,akeydecisionforgovernmentwouldbehowtoestimategreenhousegasemissions. （M2：研究对象或内容）Weexploretheconsequencesofthreedifferentmethodsformeasuringon-farmemissions:nationalaccountingmethods,anamendedversionofthosemethodsanduseofbest-availablelocaldata.（M3：研究发现）Estimatedemissionsunderthethreemethodscanvarywidely;forexample,onacasestudyfarminWesternAustralia,localdataindicated44percentloweremissionsthandidthenationalaccountsmethod.Ifon-farmemissionsaresubjecttoanemissionsprice,theimpactonfarmprofitislargeandvariesconsiderablywithdifferentmeasurementmethods.Forinstance,ifapriceof$23/tofCO2-eappliesthenfarmprofitfallsby14.4¨C30.8percentdependingonthemeasurementmethod.（M4：研究结论）Thus,thechoiceofmeasurementmethodcanhavelargedistributionalconsequences.Ontheotherhand,inaccuratemeasurementresultsinrelativelyminordeadweightlosses.On-farmsequestrationthroughreafforestationmaylessentheimpactofanemissionspriceonfarmbusinesses,althoughitwillrequireahighcarbonpricetobeviable,especiallyifsequestrationratesareunderestimatedorlow.Abstract2 06NYJJ.ABSWastedisposalisoneofthemostpressingconcernsfacingmodernsociety.Itisbecomingincreasinglyapparentthatthemajorityoforganicwastefromvariousresidential,agricultural,andindustrialsourcescanbeconvertedbymicroorganismsintobiofuels.（M1:问题陈述） Thesefuelsprovidevaluablerenewableenergysourcesthatcouldsignificantlylowergreenhousegasemissionssuchasthepassivereleaseofmethanefromlandfillsites.（M4：研究结论）Therearefourtypesofbiofuelsthatareproducedbymicrobialaction:(i)algallipids,(ii)alcohols,(iii)methane,and(iv)hydrogen.Incontrasttotheothers,methaneproductionistheproductofrelativelyrobustmicrobialcommunities.Furthermore,methanecanbeproducedfromtheresiduesofotherbiofuelproductionsystems.Theotherbiofuelsaregenerallyproducedinsingle-organismsystems,butthereisincreasinginterestinemployingsyntrophicinteractionbetweenmicroorganismsfortheirmanufacture.Thisisparticularlytrueforthecellulosicproductionofethanolandhydrogen,wherecellulosemustfirstbedegradedintoglucose.AlgallipidsmadewithwasteCO2fromtheburningoffuel,andwastewaterandwastewatersludgeasnutrients,istheonlybiofuelefficientlyproducedbyalgae;however,algaegrownonwastematerialalsoshowspromiseasfeedstockfortheproductionofotherbiofuels.（M3：研究发现） Theprocessingofbiomassthroughtwoormoreoftheseproductionsystemswouldoptimizewasteconversionintobiofuels.（M4：研究结论）Abstract3  10ZYHJ.ABSSphingolipidsynthesisisinitiatedbycondensationofSerwithpalmitoyl-CoAproducing3-ketodihydrosphinganine(3-KDS),whichisreducedbya3-KDSreductasetodihydrosphinganine.Serpalmitoyltransferaseisessentialforplantviability.Arabidopsisthalianacontainstwogenes(At3g06060/TSC10AandAt5g19200/TSC10B)encodingproteinswithsignificantsimilaritytotheyeast3-KDSreductase,Tsc10p.HeterologousexpressioninyeastofeitherArabidopsisgenerestored3-KDSreductaseactivitytotheyeasttsc10Dmutant,confirmingbothasbonafide3-KDSreductasegenes.Consistentwithsphingolipidshavingessentialfunctionsinplants,doublemutantprogenylackingbothgeneswerenotrecoveredfromcrossesofsingletsc10Aandtsc10Bmutants.Althoughthe3-KDSreductasegenesarefunctionallyredundantandubiquitouslyexpressedinArabidopsis,3-KDSreductaseactivitywasreducedto10%ofwild-typelevelsintheloss-of-functiontsc10amutant,leadingtoanalteredsphingolipidprofile.ThisperturbationofsphingolipidbiosynthesisintheArabidopsistsc10amutantleadsanalteredleafionome,includingincreasesinNa,K,andRbanddecreasesinMg,Ca,Fe,andMo.ReciprocalgraftingrevealedthatthesechangesintheleafionomearedrivenbytherootandareassociatedwithincreasesinrootsuberinandalterationsinFehomeostasis.（研究发现）Abstract4 07SCKX.ABSWeconductedlarge-scaleproductiontrialsinSeward,Alaska,USAtoinvestigateeffectsofdietaryastaxanthinsupplementationonsurvival,growthandshellcolourationofrecentlysettledjuvenile(C1¨CC4)redkingcrabs(Paralithodescamtschaticus).（M2：研究目的） Wesupplementedacontroldietofcommercialcrustaceanfeedswithastaxanthin,andfedthesedietstojuvenilekingcrabsatdensitiesof2000and4000crabsm2for56days.Weassessedsurvivalandgrowthbycountingcrabsandindividuallymeasuringcarapacewidthandweighingcrabsatthestartandendoftheexperiment,andquantifiedcrabcolour(hue,saturation,brightness)indigitalphotographs.（M2：研究对象和内容） Dietscontainingastaxanthinhadhighersurvival,suggestingthatastaxanthinmayprovidenutritionalorimmunesystembenefits.Crabshadlowerhue,highersaturationandlowerbrightnessvalueswhenfeddietscontainingastaxanthin,suggestingthatredkingcrabcolourationisplasticandrespondstodiet.（M3：研究发现）Astaxanthinislikelyanimportantdietarycomponentforhatcheryorlaboratoryrearedredkingcrabjuveniles,andshouldbeconsideredforaquacultureandotherrearingofthisandpossiblyothercrustaceanspecies.（M4：研究结论）Abstract5 16SCKX.ABSThewhaleshark(Rhincodontypus)isthelargestextantspeciesofsh,belongingtotheorderOrectolobiformes.Itislistedasa"vulnerable"speciesontheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)'sRedListofThreatenedSpecies,whichmakesitanimportantspeciesforconservationefforts.（M1：研究背景） Wereportheretherstcompletesequenceofthemitochondrialgenome(mitogenome)ofthewhalesharkobtainedbynext-generationsequencingmethods.（M2：研究目的）Theassembledmitogenomeisa16,875bpcircle,comprisingof13proteincodinggenes,tworRNAgenes,22tRNAgenesandacontrolregion.（M3：研究发现）Wealsoperformedcomparativeanalysisofthewhalesharkmitogenometotheavailablemitogenomesequencesof17othersharkspecies,fourfromtheorderOrectolobiformes,vefromLamniformesandeightfromCarcharhiniformes.（M2：研究对象和内容） Thenucleotidecomposition,numberandarrangementofthegenesinwhalesharkmitogenomearethesameasfoundinthemitogenomesoftheothermembersoftheorderOrectolobiformesanditsclosestordersLamniformesandCarcharhiniformes,althoughthewhalesharkmitogenomehadaslightlylongercontrolregion.（M3：研究发现）Theavailabilityofmitogenomesequenceofwhalesharkwillaidstudiesofmolecularsystematics,biogeography,geneticdifferentiation,andconservationgeneticsinthisspecies.（M4：研究意义）Abstract6  02DWKX.ABSDNAtranscription,replication,andrepairareregulatedbyhistoneacetylation,aprocessthatrequiresthegenerationofacetyl-coenzymeA(CoA).Here,weshowthatallthesubunitsofthemitochondrialpyruvatedehydrogenasecomplex(PDC)arealsopresentandfunctionalinthenucleusofmammaliancells.（M1：研究目的）WefoundthatknockdownofnuclearPDCinisolatedfunctionalnucleidecreasedthedenovosynthesisofacetyl-CoAandacetylationofcorehistones.NuclearPDClevelsincreasedinacell-cycle-dependentmannerandinresponsetoserum,epidermalgrowthfactor,ormitochondrialstress;thiswasaccompaniedbyacorrespondingdecreaseinmitochondrialPDClevels,suggestingatranslocationfromthemitochondriatothenucleus.InhibitionofnuclearPDCdecreasedacetylationofspecificlysineresiduesonhistonesimportantforG1-SphaseprogressionandexpressionofSphasemarkers.（M2：研究内容&M3：研究发现）DynamictranslocationofmitochondrialPDCtothenucleusprovidesapathwayfornuclearacetyl-CoAsynthesisrequiredforhistoneacetylationandepigeneticregulation.（M4：研究结论）Abstract7 18ZWKX.ABSTheproductionofthespermcellsinangiospermsrequirescoordinationofcelldivisionandcelldifferentiation.InArabidopsisthaliana,thegermline-specificMYBproteinDUO1integratestheseprocesses,buttheregulatoryhierarchyinwhichDUO1functionsisunknown.（M1：研究背景）  Here,weidentifyanessentialrolefortwogermline-specificDUO1targetgenes,DAZ1andDAZ2,whichencodeEARmotif¨CcontainingC2H2-typezincfingerproteins.（M1：研究目的）WeshowthatDAZ1/DAZ2arerequiredforgermcelldivisionandfortheproperaccumulationofmitoticcyclins.Importantly,DAZ1/DAZ2aresufficienttopromoteG2-toM-phasetransitionandgermcelldivisionintheabsenceofDUO1.DAZ1/DAZ2arealsorequiredforDUO1-dependentcelldifferentiationandareessentialforgametefusionatfertilization.WedemonstratethatthetwoEARmotifsinDAZ1/DAZ2mediatetheirfunctioninthemalegermlineandarerequiredfortranscriptionalrepressionandforphysicalinteractionwiththecorepressorTOPLESS.（M2：研究内容&M3：研究发现）Ourfindingsuncoveranessentialmoduleinaregulatoryhierarchythatdrivesmitotictransitioninmalegermcellsandimplicatesgenerepressionpathwaysinspermcellformationandfertility.（M4：研究结论和意义）Abstract8 06SMKX.ABSJMJ14isahistoneH3Lys4(H3K4)trimethyldemethylasethataffectsmobileRNAsilencinginanArabidopsistransgenesystem.ItalsoinfluencesCHHDNAmethylation,abundanceofendogenoustransposontranscripts,andfloweringtime.JMJ14actsatapointinRNAsilencingpathwaysthatisdownstreamfromRNA-dependentRNApolymerase2(RDR2)andArgonaute4(AGO4).（M2：引入研究问题）OurresultsillustratealinkbetweenRNAsilencinganddemethylationofhistoneH3trimethylysine.WeproposethatJMJ14actsdownstreamfromtheArgonauteeffectorcomplextodemethylatehistoneH3K4atthetargetofRNAsilencing.（M4：研究结论） Abstract9 16YYLX.ABSNaturalhumanpapillomavirus(HPV)antibodytitershaveshownprotectionagainstsubsequentHPVinfection,butpreviousstudieswererestrictedtofewHPVgenotypes.（M1：研究背景）Weexaminedtheassociationofnaturallyoccurringantibodiesagainst8carcinogenicHPVtypeswithsubsequentinfections.（M2：研究内容）Atotalof2302womenenrolledintheAtypicalSquamousCellsofUndeterminedSignificance/Low-GradeSquamousIntraepithelialLesionTriageStudyprovidedbloodsamplesatbaseline.Serumsamplesweretestedforantibodiesagainst8carcinogenicHPVgenotypes(16,18,31,33,35,45,52,and58)usingamultiplexserologyassay.（M3：研究发现）WeanalyzedtherelationshipbetweenHPVantibodiesandHPVinfectionduring2yearsoffollow-upamongwomennegativeforthespecificHPVtypeatbaseline.BaselineseroprevalenceforHPV16L1wasassociatedwithdecreasedriskofDNApositivityforHPV16(oddsratio,0.39[95%confidenceinterval,.18¨C.86])atĄÝ2follow-upvisits.WeobservedsimilarbutnonsignificantdecreasedrisksforHPV18and31.Thesefindingswererestrictedtowomenreportinganewsexpartnerduringfollow-up.Therewasnoassociationbetweenbaselineseroprevalenceanddetectionofprecancerduringfollow-up.（M2：研究内容&M3：研究发现）SeroprevalenceconferredprotectionagainstsubsequentHPVinfectionforHPV16andindicatedpossibleprotectionfor2othergenotypes,suggestingthatthiseffectiscommontoseveralHPVgenotypes.（M4：研究结论）Abstract10 12SMKX.ABSAntisensetranscriptioniswidespreadinmanygenomes;however,howmuchisfunctionalishotlydebated.（M1:研究背景）Weareinvestigatingfunctionalityofasetoflongnoncodingantisensetranscripts,collectivelycalledCOOLAIR,producedatArabidopsisFLOWERINGLOCUSC(FLC).（M2：研究对象和内容）COOLAIRinitiatesjustdownstreamofthemajorsensetranscriptpoly(A)siteandterminateseitherearlyorextendsintotheFLCpromoterregion.WenowshowthatsplicingofCOOLAIRisfunctionallyimportant.（M1：研究目的）ThiswasrevealedthroughanalysisofahypomorphicmutationinthecorespliceosomecomponentPRP8.（M2：研究内容）Theprp8mutationperturbsacotranscriptionalfeedbackmechanismlinkingCOOLAIRprocessingtoFLCgenebodyhistonedemethylationandreducedFLCtranscription.TheimportanceofCOOLAIRsplicinginthisrepressionmechanismwasconfirmedbydisruptingCOOLAIRproductionandmutatingtheCOOLAIRproximalspliceacceptorsite.（M3：研究发现）Ourfindingssuggestthatalteredsplicingofalongnoncodingtranscriptcanquantitativelymodulategeneexpressionthroughcotranscriptionalcouplingmechanisms.（M4：研究结论和意义）