综合英语Book IV unit 8 Antarctica

Unit8AntarcticaAntarctica1.Lead-in2.Background3.Textanalysis4.Stylisticanalysis5.Oralwork6.HomeworkPre-readingquestion:Whatarethefouroceansandthesevencontinentsintheworld?IndianOceanOceaniaAfricaThePacificOceanNorthAmericaAsiaEuropeSouthAmericaAntarcticaAtlanticOceanArcticOceanPre-readingQuestion:whereisAntarctica?SouthAmericaThePacificOceanOceaniaAfricaTheIndianOceanTheAtlanticOceanAntarcticaBriefintroductiontoAntarcticaTheword“Antarctica〞camefromGreek.GeographyThefifth-largestcontinentSurroundedbytheSouthernPacific,AtlanticandIndianOceansCoversmorethan14millionKm2[1.3timesaslargeasEurope]About98%iscoveredbyicesheet[about98%oftheworld’sice]ClimateThecoldestplaceonEarthmeantemperatureisgenerallyabout-88℃,colderthanthoseareasinanequivalentlatitudeoftheArctic.℃Afrozendesertwithlittleprecipitationwhichisonly200mmResourcesAbout220kindsofminerals,Suchascoal,iron,copper，gold.PopulationTherearenopermanentresidents,butanumberofresearchstations.Thenumberofpeopleconductingandsupportingscientificresearchisabout1000-5000.ALongHistoryofExplorationItwasfirstsightedintheearly19thcentury.Scientistsexploredonlyfragmentsofitscoastsbytheendofthe19thcentury.ExplorersfirstreachedtheSouthPolein1911.Thefirstpermanentsettlements(scientificstations)wereestablishedintheearly1940s.InrecentyearsincreasingnumbersoftouristshavevisitedAntarctica.ALongHistoryofExplorationTheearliestexplorationsofthesouthpolarseasweremadein1772--1775byaBritishexpeditioncommandedbyCaptainJamesCook.ExplorationoftheAntarcticintensifiedinthe1820sand1830s.DonaldGordonPayneBornin1924inLondonBritishnovelistandwriterofdocumentariesPennames:JamesVanceMarshall,IanCameron,andDonaldGordonMajorworksTheMidnightSea[1958]Walkabout(1959)[masterpiece]TheLostOnes(1969)TheWindatMorning[1973]TheLastContinent[1974]White-Out(1999)RidersoftheStorm(2002)What’sthemainideaofthistext?ThetextisaboutAntarctica---whyithasnotbeenconqueredbymansofarandhowour“tenure〞ofitisquestionableeventoday.Howmanypartscanthetextbedividedinto?Part1(Line1~Line2):BriefIntroductiontoAntarctica.Part2(Line11~Line21):ThecomparisonbetweentheArcticandtheAntarctic.Part3(Line22~Line49):Antarcticadoesnotprovidethebasicessentialstolife.Part4(Line50~Line52):ThegreatestdrawbacktotheunveilingofAntarcticaisthenatureofthesea.Listentotherecordingofthetext,anddiscusswithyourpartneraboutthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheArcticandtheAntarcticonthefollowingaspects:location,climate,bioticpopulationandhumanactivity.BetweentheArcticandtheAntarcticSimilaritiesandDifferencesLocationsimilaritiesdifferencesBothareinthepolarregionsoftheglobe.TheArcticishemmedinbythelandmassesofEurope,AmericaandAsia.TheAntarcticisinsplendidisolationandissurroundedbyseas.ClimatesimilaritiesdifferencesBotharecold.TheAntarcticismuchcolderthantheArctic.TheArcticprovidesrainfall,warmthandadegreeofstillness,whiletheAntarcticdoesnot.Bioticpopulation similaritiesdifferencesTherearevegetationsandanimalsinbothoftheregions.ThousandsofplantsandanimalssurviveintheArctic.InAntarctica,theonlyplantsareahandfulofmossesandlichens;theonlylandlifesimpleone-celledcreaturesandwinglessflies.HumanActivitysimilaritiesdifferencesHumanssetfootonbothoftheregions.IntheArctic,thousandoffamiliesliveincomfortalltheyearround,hundredsofchildrenareborneveryyear.InAntarctica,thereisnopermanenthabitationexceptscientificresearchstations,nohumanchildhasbeenbornthere.1.Techniquestoarouseinterestandpresentingstrikingdescription.StatingthecentralthemeatthebeginningTurningtodescriptionandnarrationasaidtogiveintroductiontoAntarctica.Simile:Antarctica---------greatlantern2.Concretedata,statisticsandfactsEg.Thisicesheetcovers5,500,000squaremiles.Itaveragesmorethan7,000feetinthickness.Itcontainsmorethan90percentoftheworld’siceandsnow.3.ComparisonandcontrastEg.TheArcticiscloselyhemmedinbythepopulatedlandmasses…;theAntarcticincontrastisinsplendidisolation....ItisalsothefactsthewriterusetosupporthisclaimthatourknowledgeaboutAntarctica.4.Directquotationsofauthorities.Rainfall:lessthan5centimetersayearWarmth:thecoldestplaceonearth,-88℃Degreeofstillness:peoplecannotevenstandstillinAntarctica.Wind:mainandmostcruelcharacteristiciswind.5.Strikingconclusion,givingafinalsenseofunity.Eg.YetclimatebyitselfwasnotthemaindrawbacktotheunveilingAntarctica:anevengreaterdrawbackwasthenatureofthesea—thesouthernocean—whichsurroundsit.6.ParallelstructuresEg.inthissortofcold,ifyoutrytoburnacandle,theflamebecomesobscuredbyahoodofway,ifyoudropasteelbar,itislikelytoshatterlikeglass,andifyouhaulupafishthroughaholeintheice,withinfive,itisfrozensosolidthatithastobecutwithasaw.LanguagepointsWordstudyparaphrase…themostdistinctivefeatureofourplanetis…distinctive:Servingtoidentifyorsetapartanindividualorgroupadistinctiveappearance,style,smellLongcomplexsentencesaredistinctiveofHenryJames'slaterstyle.Alcoholhasaverydistinctivesmell;it'squitedistinctfromthesmellofwine.distinctivelyadv:distinctivelycoloreddistinctivenessn[U].Seenfromspace,theastronautstellus,themostdistinctivefeatureofourplanetistheicesheetofAntarcticawhich“radiateslightlikeagreatwhitelanternacrossthebottomoftheworld.〞Task:paraphraseWelearnfromtheastronautsthatifwelook“down〞fromspace,wewillfindthemostconspicuous/outstandingcharacteristicsofEarthtobethethicklayeroficewhichisAntarctic,whichsendslightoverthesouthernmostpartofthesouthernhemisphere.Itaveragesmorethan7,000feetinthicknessaverage:v.findtheaverageofe.g.HeaveragedaC.ThenumberofhoursIworkperworkaveragesoutto40.Therainfallaverages36inchesayear.Task:Translate税务局算出他5年内的平均利润为每年3000英镑.Thetaxauthoritiesaveragedhisprofitoutat3000ayearover5years.Yet160yearsagonoonehadeverseteyesonthisvastcontinent,letalonesetfootonit;Thosewhoclaimedtohaveseteyesonthemysterioussavageintheforestallaffirmedthatthemostdistinctivefeatureofthesavagewasitshugesize.seteyeson看到setfooton进入setone‘shearton 渴望setone‘smindon 决心要setone'steethonedge 使某人不舒服Task:Translate所有那些声称见过神秘野人的人都肯定地认为。野人最显著的特征是巨大的身材Yet160yearsagonoonehadeverseteyesonthisvastcontinent,letalonesetfootonit;Ican’tdriveacar,letaloneflyanairplane.Thebabycan'tevenwalk,letalonerun.Hehasn'tenoughmoneyforfood,letaloneamusements.Thereisn'tenoughroomforus,letalonesixdogsandacat.Task:Translate我连汽车都不会开，更不用说开飞机了。Yet160yearsagonoonehadeverseteyesonthisvastcontinent,letalonesetfootonit;andeventodayman’stenureofitisunsureandhisknowledgecomparativelyslight.Task:paraphraseOnehundredandsixtyyearsago,however,nobodyhadeverseenthisenormouscontinent,andhadcertainlynotwalkedonit.Eventodaywhetherwecanoccupyitornotisstilluncertain.Further,weknowrelativelylittleaboutit.tenure:holdingof(egpolitical)officeorlandorotherproperty,etc.ThetenureoftheUSPresidencyisfouryears.It'sbecomingincreasinglydifficulttoacquireacademictenure.Infacttheirdifferencesoutweightheirsimilarities.outweigh:Tobemoresignificantthan;exceedinvalueorimportance.Thisoutweighsallotherconsiderations.Themedicalbenefitsofx-raysfaroutweightheriskofhavingthem.Task:Translate这个 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 的获益超出了它的缺陷。Thebenefitsoftheschemeoutweighthedisadvantages.TheArcticiscloselyhemmedinbythepopulatedlandmassesofEurope,AmericaandAsia;hem:Tosurroundandshutin;encloseavalleyhemmedinbymountainsHefelthemmedinbyconvention.Theenemytroopswerehemmingusin.Task:Translate湖四周栽满垂柳。Thelakeishemmedinonallsidesbyweepingwillows.…theAntarcticincontrastisinsplendidisolation,dividedfromthenearestlandbyvastreachesofthemosttempestuousseasonearth.tempestuous:Of,relatingto,orresemblingatempesttempestuousgalesatempestuousseaatempestuousrelationshipatempestuouspoliticaldebateTask:Translate北极居住着各族人民。与北极显然不同的是，南极却没有永久性的居民，因为那里的气候不利于人类生存。Thearcticispopulatedwithpeopleofdifferentnationalities.TheAntarctic,incontrast,hasnopermanentresidentsbecausetheclimatethereisunfavorabletohumansurvival.Infacttheirdifferencesoutweightheirsimilarities.TheArcticiscloselyhemmedinbythepopulatedlandmassesofEurope,AmericaandAsia;theAntarcticincontrastisinsplendidisolation,dividedfromthenearestlandbyvastreachesofthemosttempestuousseasonearth.Task:paraphraseThedifferencesbetweenthearcticandtheAntarcticaregreaterthanthesimilarities.ThearcticistightlysurroundedbythecontinentsofEurope,AmericaandAsiawheretherearepermanentpopulation;whereastheAntarcticisunconnectedtoanywhereelse,separatedfromthenearestlandbyvastareasoftheworld’sroughestseas.WearesoinclinedtothinkofboththeArcticandAntarcticascold,…Beinclinedto:I'minclinedtobelievehe'sinnocent.Generallyspeaking,I'minclinedtoagreewithyou.Wecangoforawalk,ifyoufeelsoinclined.Iaminclinedtothinkthattherewillbestrongoppositiontoourreformplanamongquiteafewboardmembers.task:translate我总觉得相当数量的董事会成员会强烈反对我们的改革方案。Asregards:inregardtoe.g.AsregardsthatmatterI'mquiteofyouropinion.Asregardsthesecondpoint,wecandiscussitatanothermeeting.Asregardsthecar,Ididn'tforgettoputanadvertisementinthepaper.AsregardsprecipitationthesoutherncontinentisadesertwithanannualfallnogreaterthantheoutbackofAustralia.task:translate关于小岛上的饮用水质量问题，据登岛探险家的报道，岛上的水有一种甘甜清新的味道。Asregardsthequalityofthedrinkingwateronthatsmallisland,theexplorerswhosetfootontheislandreportedthatitwassweet,pleasantandrefreshing.Inthissortofcoldifyoutrytoburnacandletheflamebecomesobscuredbyahoodofwax,…v.tomakedimorindistinct:.Smogobscuredourview.Themainthemeofthebookisobscuredbyfrequentdigressions.obscure:a.outofsight;hidden.anobscurevillage.anobscureflaw.anobscurepoetIntheseconditionsitwaspossibletostandfornomorethanafewseconds,andthenonlybyleaningforwardatanangleof45°!Task:paraphraseUndersuchconditions,apersoncouldonlystandforafewseconds,andthatwasbyleaningforwardtoformanangleof45°withtheground.Stand:toleratee.g.Idon'tknowifIcanstandthewaitinganylonger.canstandsomebodydoingsomethinge.g.HowcanyoustandMartycominghomelateallthetime?Itisworthrememberingthatwindisasinjurioustohumanhealthascold;e.g.Speaknotinjuriouswords.Smokingisinjurioustohealth,especiallytothelungs.injurious:causingorlikelytocauseinjury;harmfulTask:translate我们不能姑息任何人的有害社会秩序的行为，不管他是谁，不管他来自何处。Nomatterwhoheisorwhereheisfrom,wecannottolerateanyone’sbehaviorthatisinjurioustosocialorder.Smallwonderthatwhereasintheeighteenthandearlynineteenthcenturiesmanswiftlyexploredandoccupiedtherestoftheplanet,thesouthernmostcontinentremainedinviolate.Itisnotsurprisingthatalthoughmandidnothesitatetoexploreandtakepossessionofmostoftheearthintheeighteenthandearlynineteenthcenturies,thecontinentinthefarsouthwasleftuntouched.task:paraphraseTask:translate怪不得他们一场一场地输球，他们已经好久没有训练了。Smallwondertheylostthegamestimeandagain;theyhadbeenoutoftrainingforquitesometime.YetclimatebyitselfwasnotthemaindrawbacktotheunveilingofAntarctica;unveilastatue为塑像揭幕e.g.TheplanwasunveiledwiththeapprovalfromtheMinister.Sheunveiledherplansforreform.Unveil:todisclose;revealDrawback:adisadvantageofasituation,plan,productetce.g.It'sagreatcity-theonlydrawbackistheweather.drawbackof/to(doing)somethingThemaindrawbacktotheseproductsisthattheytendtobetoosalty.YetclimatebyitselfwasnotthemaindrawbacktotheunveilingofAntarctica;Task:translate从经济收益方面来考虑，出版学术书籍的主要问题在于这类书籍销量较少，平均每次印刷数量只有数百本而已。Asfarasthebusinessprofitsareconcerned,themaindrawbackofthepublicationofacademicbooksisthattheyusuallydonotsellwell,withanaveragenumberofonlyseveralhundredcopiesforeachpainting.Discusswithyourpartnerandmakeaconversationaboutthefollowingtopic:ShouldhumanbeingsexploretheAntarcticonalargescaleandmakefulluseofitsresources?1.Writeacompositionaboutthetopicyou’vediscussed:-----ShouldhumanbeingsexploretheAntarcticonalargescaleandmakefulluseofitsresources?2.FinishExs.inWorkbook.