love is a fallacy 3.doc

love is a fallacy 3.doc Lesson 5 para.51-78 教案 Teaching Aims 1 To have a basic of the knowledge of the terms in logic. 2 To analyze the structure of the story. 3 To appreciate the language. 4 To enrich vocabulary and improve write skill. 5 To study the details of the tecxt. 6 To analyze some special terms in logic. Teaching process ? warming up To appreciate some famous remarks about love. Rise students’ interests about the story . 1.对于这个世界而言，你只是某个人;但对于某个人而言，你就是全 世界。 To the world you may be one person, but to the person you may be the world. 2. 我爱你，不是因为你是怎样的人，而是因为我喜欢与你在一起时 的感觉。 I love you, not because of who you’re, but because of who I am when I'm by your side. 3. 一花一世界，一沙一天国。君掌盛无边，刹那含永劫。 To see a world in a grain of sand, and a heaven in a wild flower hold infinity in the palm of your hand and eternity in an hour. 4. Imprinting on someone is like ..like when you see her ,everything changes ..All of a sudden , it's not gravity holding you to the planet ..It's her ..Nothing else matters .You could do anything ,be anything for her ...------Twilight 3 Jacob ? Detailed Study of the Text Analyze some important details of the text, to learn some new words and deal with some difficulties in reading, let students understand the text better. 1.”It isn’t as though I was in love with Polly,” he said thickly. “Or going steady or anything like that.” (Para.51) Petey Burch is trying to rationalize his action. He is trying to find an excuse to justify his action. In his mind he has decided to accept the coat and give up Polly. Since he was not in love nor going steady with Polly, it wouldn’t be wrong to give her up to his roommate in exchange for the coat. 2. “What's Polly to me, or me to Polly?” (Para.53) He has no reason to weep over losing Polly. Petey goes on rationalizing. 3. “Not a thing,” said I. (Para.54) Ellipsis. “Polly means not a thing to you.” 4.“It’s just been a casual kick —just a few laughs, that’ s all.” (Para.55) Casual kick: (American colloquialism or slang) an occasional pleasure Laughs: (American colloquialism or slang) mere diversion or pleasure We occasionally went out just for a bit of fun or pleasure, that’s all. A final reason that eases Petey’s conscience. 5. He complied. The coat bunched high over his ears and dropped all the way down to his shoe tops. (Para.57) Comply: v. act in accordance with a request, order etc. He reluctantly complied with their wishes. The factory was closed for failing to comply with government safety regulations. Bunch: v. to (cause to) form into one or more bunches or close groups 使聚成堆/群 The captain told the players not to bunch (up) together, but to spread out over the field. The children were all bunched together in the corner of the room. 6. He complied. The coat bunched high over his ears and dropped all the way down to his shoe tops. (Para.57) The coat was rather long but suited Petey’s height. The collar covered his ears and the long coat reached his shoe tops. 7. He looked like a mound of dead raccoons. “Fits fine,” he said happily. (Para.57) mound: n. ~ of (1) a pile of earth, stones, etc. often one built in ancient times as a defence or over a grave; small hill 土石堆，土岗， 土丘 a burial mound 坟堆 (2) a large pile of a mound of papers on my desk Simile, comparing Petey in the fur coat to a large pile of dead raccoons. 8. I rose from my chair. “Is it a deal?” I asked, extending my hand. (Para.58) deal: (American slang) an unethical transaction or agreement from which both parties benefit, specifically, the securing of favored treatment by extortion(敲诈) or bribery Is it a bargain? 9.I had my first date with Polly the following evening. (Para.60) I had my first social engagement (outing) with Polly the next evening. 10.This was in the nature of a survey; (Para.60) The aim of his date was to find out how stupid (or intelligent) Polly was (so that he would have an idea of how much work he had to do to make her intelligent enough to be his wife.) 11. “Gee, that was a delish (=delicious) dinner,” she said as we left the restaurant. (Para.60) Gee: an exclamation of surprise, wonder, etc. Delish: clipped vulgar form for “delicious” The writer deliberately makes Polly Espy use a lot of exclamatory words like: “Gee, Oo, wow-dow” and clipped vulgar forms like: “delish, marvy, sensaysh, terrif, magnif etc.” to create the impression of a simple and rather stupid girl. This contrasts strongly with the boasting of the narrator and thus helps to increase the force of satire and irony. 12. I went back to my room with a heavy heart. (Para.61) Heavy heart: depressed, sorrowful feeling I went back to my room feeling sad and frustrated. 13.This girl’s lack of information was terrifying. (Para.61) Polly’s lack of knowledge (her ignorance) was dreadful (frightening). 14. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey. (Para.61) loom: v. to come into sight without a clear form, esp. in a way that appears very large and unfriendly, causing fear. 隐约出现 If sth. looms, it appears as a problem or event that is approaching, or that will soon happen, a rather literary use. This looms as a big question for many new parents. A figure loomed (up) out of the mist. The threat of war loomed over the country. 15. no small: Understatement, restraint or lack of emphasis in expression, as for rhetorical effect. 保守的陈述, 掩饰 Litotes/Understatement: A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite, 曲言法, 间接表达法, 反语法 (以反面的 否定代替肯定的词格) not bad = very good no easy = very difficult This is no small problem=This is a very big/serious problem 16. dimension: n. (1) a measurement in any one direction, extent Length is one dimension and width is another. Time is sometimes called the fourth dimension. (2) a particular side or part of a problem, subject, etc.; aspect 问题等的方面，部分 There is another dimension to this problem which you haven’ t considered. 17.This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey. (Para.61) To teach her to think appeared to be a rather big task and in the beginning I would like to return her to Petey. 18. But then I got to thinking about her abundant physical charms and about the way she entered a room and the way she handled a knife and fork, and I decided to make an effort. (Para.61) got to: (Americanism) began to, started to physical charms: beautiful face and figure way she entered a room: carriage and poise of bearing way she handled a knife and fork: refined table manners The narrator recapitulates (repeat) Polly’s good points or those qualities which made the narrator choose Polly as his future wife. 19.I gave her a course in logic. It happened that I, as a law student, was taking a course in logic myself, so I had all the facts at my finger tips. (Para.62) I gave her a course in logic: I taught her logic systematically. I had all the facts at my finger tips: I was completely familiar with all the facts. have at one’s finger tips: to be completely familiar with; to have available for instant use 20. “Polly,” I said to her when I picked her up on our next date, “tonight we are going over to the Knoll and talk.” (Para.62) I picked„next date: On our next social engagement day I called on her to take her along with me. pick up: to stop for (to call on) and take or bring along 21. “Oo, terrif (=terrific),” she replied. One thing I will say for this girl: you would go far to find another so agreeable. (Para.63) Oo, terrif: Oh, terrific. Oh! It’s wonderful. you would go far„agreeable: You would achieve much success if you could find another girl who was so agreeable. It isn’ t easy to find a girl so agreeable. go far: to accomplish much; achieve much success 22. We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak, and she looked at me expectantly. "What are we going to talk about?" she asked. (Para.64) , Knoll: the name of the campus meeting place. Perhaps it was given this name because it was a small mound or hillock. , trysting place: meeting place, esp. where lovers meet secretly , It is an implied allusion to Robin Hood, whose trysting place was under a huge oak tree in Sherwood forest. Robin Hood, in English legend, is an outlaw of the 12th century who lived with his followers in Sherwood Forest and robbed the rich to help th poor. 23.“Wow-dow!” she cried, clapping her hands delightedly. (Para.64) Wow-dow: interjection; an exclamation of surprise, wonder, pleasure, etc.. ? Special Terms in Logic 1. Dicto Simplicter绝对判断 , “Everyone wants to get married someday.” , The example starts a logical train of thought with an assumption that is false. Not “everyone” wants to get married. , Dicta Simpliciter:means an argument based on an unqualified generalization即将普遍规则运用于有特殊情况发生的个别情形 (1)I winced, but went bravely on. (Para.69) , wince: v. to move suddenly as if drawing the body away from sth. unpleasant , She winced as she touched the cold body. 之中 (2)“By all means,” she urged, batting her lashes eagerly. (Para.70) , by all means: of course; certainly, expressing her approval , batting her lashes: blinking or fluttering her eye-lashes rapidly to show pleasurable excitement (3)“I agree,” said Polly earnestly. “I mean exercise is wonderful. I mean it builds the body and everything.” (Para.72) , and everything: It is more or less a meaningless phrase here. It’s a weak, vague way of ending a sentence when the speaker fails to find something important to say. , A similar phrase is “or anything like that”. (4)“…Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter. Do you see?” (Para.73) , Metonymy. Otherwise you have committed a logical fallacy called “a dicto simpliciter ad dictum secundum quid” , Do you see: Do you understand? (5)“No,” she confessed. “But this is marvy. Do more! Do more!” (Para.74) , But this is marvy: But this is marvelous (wonderful) , Do more: Explain more logical fallacies. (6)“It will be better if you stop tugging at my sleeve,” I told her, and when she desisted, I continued:„ (Para.75) , It will be better if„: a request showing displeasure , Polly, in her excitement , was tugging the narrator’s sleeve and asking him to explain more logical fallacies. The narrator tells Polly rather brusquely to stop tugging his sleeve. , desist: ~from to stop doing sth. , The judge told the man to desist from threatening his wife. , 2.Hasty Generalization , 草率结论:由个别情形来推断普遍规则 , It applies a special case to general rule. The fact that certain person’s handwriting is bad doesn’t imply that all men’s handwriting is bad. , “Mr Wang’s handwriting is terrible. Mr. Hu’s handwriting is also terrible and you know how terrible men’s handwriting is .” (1)“Really?” said Polly, amazed. “Nobody?” (Para.76) , Two elliptical rhetorical questions. , It is really true that nobody at the University of Minnesota can speak French? (2)I hid my exasperation. (Para.77) , The narrator was greatly irritated or annoyed by Polly’s stupidity. He controlled his voice and temper to hide his true feelings. , exasperation: n. [U] extreme anger or annoyance , exasperate: v. , In sheer exasperation, she gave the machine a kick. 她气急败坏的踢了这台机器一脚。 (3) “Know any more fallacies?” she asked breathlessly. “This is more fun than dancing even.” (Para.78) , Know any more fallacies: Ellipsis. Do you know any more fallacies? , This is „ even: The regular word order would be: “This is more fun than even dancing.” (4) Find some rhetorical speechs between para.51-78 3.Metaphor , (para.61) , the size of my task 4.Parody仿拟 , (para.53) “What’s Polly to me or me to Polly?” , ---“Hamlet”第二幕第二场: , ''What’s Hecuba to him or him to Hecuba that should weep for her?'' 5.Litotes 曲言法，间接肯定法，反叙 , Litotes is understatement by denying the contrary of the thing being affirmed. , E.g. It’s not laughing matter. It is a serious matter. , (para61) a project of no small dimensions ? Rewiew and conclusion 詹璇，罗丹，梁爽，陈娇媚