平面向量的数量积教案;
?2.4.1 平面向量数量积的物理背景及其含义 一、教材
分析
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教科书以物体受力做功为背景,引出向量数量积的概念,功是一个标量,它用力和位移两个向量来定义,反应在
数学
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上就是向量的数量积。
向量的数量积是过去学习中没有遇到过的一种新的乘法,与数的乘法既有区别又有联系。教科书通过“探究”,
要求
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学生自己利用向量的数量积定义推导有关结论。这些结论可以看成是定义的直接推论。
教材例一是对数量积含义的直接应用。
二、学情分析,
前面已经学习了向量的概念及向量的线性运算,这里引入一种新的向量运算——向量的数量积,教科书以物体受力做功为背景引入向量数量积的概念,既使向量数量积运算与学生已有知识建立了联系,又使学生看到数量积与向量模的大小有及夹角有关,同时与前面的向量运算不同,其计算结果不是向量而是数量。
三、三维目标,
(一)知识与技能
1、学生通过物理中“功”等实例,认识理解平面向量数量积的含义及其物理意义,体会平面向量数量积与向量投影的关系。
2、学生通过平面向量数量积的3个重要性质的探究,体会类比与归纳、对比与辨析等数学方法,正确熟练的应用平面向量数量积的定义、性质进行运算。
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(二)过程与方法
1、学生经历由实例到抽象到抽象的的数学定义的形成过程,性质的发现过程,进一步感悟数学的本质。
,三,情感态度价值观
1、学生通过本课学习体会特殊到一般,一般到特殊的数学研究思想。
2、通过问题的解决,培养学生观察问题、分析问题和解决问题的实际操作能力;培养学生的交流意识、合作精神;培养学生叙述表达自己解题思路和探索问题的能力.
四、教学重难点,
1、重点,平面向量数量积的概念、性质的发现论证, 2、难点,平面向量数量积、向量投影的理解,
五、教具准备,多媒体、三角板
六、课时安排,1课时
七、教学过程,
,一,创设问题情景,引出新课
问题,请同学们回顾一下,我们已经研究了向量的哪些运算,这些运算的结果是什么,
新课引入,本节课我们来研究学习向量的另外一种运算,平面向量的数量积的物理背景及其含义
,二,新课,
1、探究一,数量积的概念
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展示物理背景,视频“力士拉车”,从视频中抽象出下面的物理模型 背景的第一次分析,
问题,真正使汽车前进的力是什么,它的大小是多少,
,,答,实际上是力在位移方向上的分力,即,在数学中我们给FCOS,F
它一个名字叫投影。
“投影”的概念,作图
,,,
bba定义,||cos 叫做向量在方向上的投影.投影也是一个数量,不是向量,
2、背景的第二次分析,
问题,你能用文字语言表述“功的计算公式”吗?
,,
w,FSCOS,
分析,用文字语言表示即,力对物体所做的功,等于力的大小、位移的大小、力与位移夹角的余弦这三者的乘积,功是一个标量,它由力和位移两个向量来确定。这给我们一种启示,能否把“功”看成是这两个向量的一种运算结果呢,
,,
ab平面向量数量积,内积,的定义,已知两个非零向量与,它
,,,,,,
abababcos,们的夹角是θ,则数量||||叫与的数量积,记作?,即有,,,,,
abab0cos,? = ||||,:?θ?π,.并
规定
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与任何向量的数量积为0.
,注,两个向量的数量积是一个实数,不是向量,符号由cos的insulating properties of air ... GB/T9966.3-2001 test methods for natural facing stones part 4: wear resistance test method for GB/T996 6.4-2001 test methods for natural facing stones 5th part: test method for scleroscope hardness GB/T996 6.5-2001 test methods for natural facing stones 6th part: test method for acid resistance GB/T996 6.6-2001 test methods for natural facing stone test methods for natural facing stones 8th part: by uniform static pressure difference test stone mounted Structure strength test method of GB/T996 6.8-2001 13, sealant technical standards of architectural curtain wall construction with Silicon sealant silicone building sealant GB/T14683-2003 GB16776-2005 JC887-2001 dry hanging stone curtain wall with epoxy adhesive sealant for glass curtain wall joints JC/T882-2001 JC/T883-2001 mold for building stone building sealant sealant JC/ T885-2001 elastomeric sealant for insulating glass JC/T486-2001 14, building curtain wall fasteners for standard steel high strength bolts with large Hexagon head, large Hexagon nuts, washers technology GB/T1231-2006 high strength plain washers for steel structures GB/T1230-2006 high strength large Hexagon nuts for steel GB/T1229-2006 high-strength big six head bolts for steel GB/T1228-2006 mechanical properties of fasteners Multigrip blind rivets GB/T3099.2-2004 GB/T3098.19-2004 fastener terminology test methods for mechanical properties of fasteners for blind rivets GB/T3098.18-2004 wing nut fasteners mechanical properties ensure torque GB/T3098.20-2004 mechanical properties of fasteners of stainless
符号所决定.
,,,,,,03、向量的数量积的几何意义, 1、已知a,12,b,2,a与b的夹角为30,求a,b;
,,,,,,
数量积?等于的长度与在方向上投影||cos,的乘积. ababab八、练习设计,
,,,,,,,,例1 已知,,,5,,,,4,与的夹角=60,求? ababab解,由向量的数量积公式得,,先复习特殊角度的余弦值, ,,,,1,?=||||cos=5×4×cos60=5×4×=10 abab,2
,,,,,,,练习1已知,,,8,,,,6,?与的夹角为60,?与的夹ababab
,,0,角=0,求?, ab
解,由向量的数量积公式得,
,,,,1,60?=||||cos=8×6×cos=8×6×=24 ?abab,2
,,,,,0??=||||cos=8×6×cos=8×6×1=48 abab,
归纳
总结
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,由特殊到一般的数学思想得到,
,,,,,,
性质,1, 当与同向时,? = , ababab
,,,,,,,,0a90练习2已知,,,1,,,,2,当与的夹角为时,求?和, abababa解,根据向量夹角的概念和向量的数量积公式得,
,,,,,0 ??=||||cos=1×2×cos=1×2×1=2 abab,
,,,,,0 ??=||||cos =1×1×cos=1×1×1=1 aaab,
222,,,,,aaa归纳总结,?特别地,常记作,这时 = , aa
,,,,
?? , ?= 0 , abab
练习4,
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九、课堂小结,“1+3”
,,,,,,,,,,0一个概念,数量积的定义? = ||||cos abab,2、已知a,25,b,4,a与b的夹角为45求a,b;
三个性质,
,,,,,,
1、当与同向时,? = , ababab
222,,,,,aaa2、特别地,常记作,这时 = , aa
,,,,
3、? , ?= 0 , abab
作业,
基础作业,
课本109页 练习A,2,练习B,1、2 课后思考,向量的数量积运算满足哪些运算律, 十、板书设计
?2.4.1 平面向量数量积的物理背景及其含义 例1 1、投影
2、向量的数量积公式
3、向量数量积的性质
十一、教学反思
insulating properties of air ... GB/T9966.3-2001 test methods for natural facing stones part 4: wear resistance test method for GB/T996 6.4-2001 test methods for natural facing stones 5th part: test method for scleroscope hardness GB/T996 6.5-2001 test methods for natural facing stones 6th part: test method for acid resistance GB/T996 6.6-2001 test methods for natural facing stone test methods for natural facing stones 8th part: by uniform static pressure difference test stone mounted Structure strength test method of GB/T996 6.8-2001 13, sealant technical standards of architectural curtain wall construction with Silicon sealant silicone building sealant GB/T14683-2003 GB16776-2005 JC887-2001 dry hanging stone curtain wall with epoxy adhesive sealant for glass curtain wall joints JC/T882-2001 JC/T883-2001 mold for building stone building sealant sealant JC/ T885-2001 elastomeric sealant for insulating glass JC/T486-2001 14, building curtain wall fasteners for standard steel high strength bolts with large Hexagon head, large Hexagon nuts, washers technology GB/T1231-2006 high strength plain washers for steel structures GB/T1230-2006 high strength large Hexagon nuts for steel GB/T1229-2006 high-strength big six head bolts for steel GB/T1228-2006 mechanical properties of fasteners Multigrip blind rivets GB/T3099.2-2004 GB/T3098.19-2004 fastener terminology test methods for mechanical properties of fasteners for blind rivets GB/T3098.18-2004 wing nut fasteners mechanical properties ensure torque GB/T3098.20-2004 mechanical properties of fasteners of stainless