2000亩左右林地林地绿化、林地生态环境改良项目承包区绿化实施方案

2000亩左右林地林地绿化、林地生态环境改良项目承包区绿化实施 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 [荒山造林] [兰州市安宁区石楷沟以东、荞麦沟以西的2000 亩左右林地绿化、林地生态环境改良项目。] 兰州华耀农业科技开发有限公司 2011/11/3 their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 兰州市安宁区石楷沟以东、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右林地林地绿化、林地生态环境改良项目 一、总论 (一)项目提要 1、项目名称:兰州市安宁区石楷沟以东、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右林地绿化、林地生态环境改良项目 2、项目建设地点:兰州市安宁区石楷沟以东、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右林地。 3、项目建设单位:兰州华耀农业科技开发有限公司。(甘肃华耀园林景观工程有限公司做为兰州华耀农业科技开发有限公司的合作企业本负责项目承包区林地绿化的施工。) 4、项目法人代表:郭李虎 5、项目性质:林权承包 6、项目建设目标:兰州市安宁区石楷沟以东、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右宜林荒山全部绿化，建成功能完善的山区防护林体系。 7、主要建设内容及规模:利用刺槐、侧柏、油松、毛白杨以及经济林等营造水土保持林和水源涵养林2000亩。 8、建设期限:2011,2015年。 9、投资规模及资金来源:项目总投资2500万元。资金来源为企业自筹 their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote 兰州华耀农业科技开发有限公司 the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 10、项目效益:项目建成后，年增加降水涵蓄87万方，减少土壤侵蚀2万方。能有效地改善山区气候，生态和社会效益显著。 11、项目编制单位:甘肃华耀园林景观工程有限公司 (二)项目依据:国家林业局《森林资源规划设计调查主要技术规定》、《兰州市南北两山环境绿化建设管理办法》 (三)主要技术经济指标:荒山造林面积2000亩，植树25.24万株，其中刺槐15.61万株，侧柏2.41万株，油松4.22万株，其他3万株。造林成活率达到85%以上，保存率达到80%以上。 (四)可行性研究结论:通过绿化荒山，建设兰州市南北两山环境绿化防护林，是重要的生态建设工程，是非常必要的，也是切实可行的。项目投资规划依据当地市场价格进行估算，符合实际情况。 二、项目建设的必要性 (一)项目建设背景 加强生态建设，维护生态安全，走生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的文明发展道路，实现经济发展与人口、资源、环境相协调，是我国社会经济可持续发展的战略任务，也是科学发展观的要求。林业不仅要满足社会对木材等林产品的多样化需求，更要满足改善生态状况，保障国土生态安全的需要，生态需求已成为社会对林业的第一需求。 their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 兰州市安宁区石楷沟以东、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右林地林地绿化、林地生态环境改良项目 党和国家历来非常重视林业生态建设，党的“十六大”首次把生态环境与政治、经济、文化一道作为全面建设小康社会的四大重要目标。2003年6月《中共中央、国务院关于加快林业发展的决定》明确指出:“在全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化的进程中，必须高度重视和加强林业工作，努力使我国林业有一个大的发展。在贯彻可持续发展战略中，要赋予林业以重要地位;在生态建设中，要赋予林业以首要地位。”甘肃省委贯彻落实中央《决定》精神，提出把甘肃建设成为经济繁荣、人民富裕、环境优美、社会文明的生态省，并把林业作为实现生态建设新突破的三大关键环节之一，纳入全省经济、社会发展的大格局之中。 兰州市南北两山环境绿化防护林建设项目是根据建设生态兰州的要求确定的，它对于改善兰州市生态环境，减少自然灾害，促进生产发展，改善人民生活具有重要意义。 (二)项目必要性分析 兰州地处黄土高原最西端、降水量仅320mm,但蒸发量1500mm,干旱是植被恢复建设的制约因子。如何利用南北两山的地形和黄河流经兰州的天然优势,利用当地的降水和适当的补充灌溉,恢复南北两山植被,是个急需解决的科学问 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 。在分析兰州市南北两山植被恢复的历史、 经验 班主任工作经验交流宣传工作经验交流材料优秀班主任经验交流小学课改经验典型材料房地产总经理管理经验 教训及相关研究成果的基础上,探讨了南北两山植被建设的策略。提出在遵从植被与气候耦合的生物地带性生态规律的基础上, 以乡土植物, 配合雨水集流等补充灌溉,创造斑块状乔灌木植被, their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote 兰州华耀农业科技开发有限公司 the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 是实现该地区的植被恢复、重建和稳定的重要途径。经过多年的造林绿化，基本建成了以刺槐、侧柏、毛白杨、和自然生长的柠条、红砂柽柳为主的防护林体系和以杏、桃、柿子为主的经济林，兰州为森林草原向荒漠草原的过渡地带,降水稀少,气候干旱,植树造林难度很大。通过兰州人民多年的努力,南北两山人工造林面积727.8公顷,林草覆盖率80.6%以上，为经济发展和生态改善发挥了巨大作用。但是，由于造林难度和经济条件等因素的制约，尚有安宁区石楷沟以东，岩池沟、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右北山宜林荒山没有绿化，还存在水土流失等问题。 通过荒山绿化，营造南北两山环境绿化防护林，可以更好地保持水土，涵养水源，防止水土流失，减少水利及交通设施的损毁，增加水源，提高水质，进一步改善工农业生产条件和人民群众的生活环境，同时还可以改善自然景观和气候，丰富旅游资源，吸引更多的游客，促进旅游业的发展。 三、项目建设条件分析 (一)自然条件 1、地理位置:安宁区石楷沟以东、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右宜林荒山 2、地形地貌:兰州市南北两山具有典型的黄土高原地貌特征,沟壑纵横,地形支离破碎,除沟谷下部砂砾裸露外,大部为深厚黄土所their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 兰州市安宁区石楷沟以东、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右林地林地绿化、林地生态环境改良项目 覆盖, 间或也有黄土峁、河谷阶地、山间盆地。海拔1530-2129m, 相对高程150-300m;黄土质地疏松, 抗蚀力弱, 易崩塌;透水性差, 水 32土流失严重。年水土流失量约3930m/km左右。土壤贫瘠, 盐碱化严重。土壤有机质含量低，ph值偏碱性， 3、气候条件:气候属中温带半干旱区温带草原气候类型,春季多风,少雨干旱;夏季酷热,降水相对较多;秋季凉爽,温差较大;冬季寒冷,干燥少雨。年平均无霜期为185-200天，光照充足，温差较大，有利于光合作用营养物质的积累。 4、境内主要灾害是旱、干热风、冰雹、大风、霜冻等。根据出现时间可分为春旱、初夏旱、盛夏旱和秋季旱等几种情形，其中春旱和盛夏旱对林业生产危害较大。 5、植被:兰州市植物资源比较丰富，有木本植物63种，分属26科，47属，主要草本植物30余种。乔木树种主要有:白杨、刺槐、侧柏、桑树、构树、苦楝、臭椿、苹果、桃、杏、梨、核桃、板栗、香椿、等。灌木和藤本植物主要有沙棘、红砂、柠条、连翘、柽柳、紫穗槐等。其中，刺槐、侧柏是分布最广、生长最好的防护林树种，麻栎、毛白杨、臭椿、苦楝、胡枝子、栾树和山合欢也有分布。主要草本植物有:白草、黄被草、拐草、莠草、马唐、墩草、灰菜、茅草等。农作物以小麦、玉米、土豆、豆类为主。 (二)林业生产经营管理 兰州华耀农业科技开发有限公司their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 我公司有工作人员140余人，其中高级专业技术人员20余人，多次承担了各类绿化工程建设。 (三)劳动力资源 该地区劳动力资源比较充足，特别是南部低山丘陵区，由于耕地相对较少，有充足的劳动力投入植树造林。 (四)种苗供应 从兰州到康乐，从武威到张掖，从甘肃省内一路西行，走访了不少苗木生产乡镇和企业。在了解各地苗木生产、销售现状的过程中，各地生产者口中热议的几个采购力强劲的地方无外乎陕西的西安、榆林、延安;宁夏的银川、石嘴山、吴忠;青海的西宁、三江源地区;内蒙古的包头、鄂尔多斯、乌海，以及本省的兰州、嘉峪关等城市和地区。 根据对这些地区的了解，可将这些对西北苗木供需市场影响重大的地区分为两大类:政策利好型和发展带动型。 政策利好型，是指当地政府对城市绿化建设颇为重视，或国家地方重大项目带动而起的绿化需求。前者典型例子是近7年快速发展的银川，后者的代表是国家重金投入“三江源生态保护建设工程”后的三江源地区。正是政策的倾斜带来巨大的需求缺口，从而为周边省份苗木生产者带来利好。 their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 兰州市安宁区石楷沟以东、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右林地林地绿化、林地生态环境改良项目 而发展带动型则要将眼光瞄准鄂尔多斯、延安、嘉峪关等几座城市。在人们的印象中，这些城市经济并不发达，但事实却并非如此。根据权威数据，2009年上半年内蒙古自治区GDP增幅高达16.2%，与天津并驾齐驱领跑全国。内蒙古当前经济的“动力”主要来自煤炭，目前煤产量超过山西，居全国之首。以鄂尔多斯为例，当地人笑谈已经“扬眉吐气”，即羊绒制品、煤炭、稀土、天然气已经成为当地支柱产业，经济的崛起必然带动城市的迅速扩大。近年来每年鄂尔多斯均投入巨资用于城市建设，除路桥等基建外，绿化项目自然也随着城市扩张而迅速增加。包头、延安、榆林、乌海等城市也和鄂尔多斯类似。嘉峪关市的绿化则是在当地旅游产业的迅速发展下带动而起。 近期乃至未来较长时间内，这些城市和地区肯定是西北苗木市场的焦点，其需求变化将自然调节甘肃乃至西北五省的苗木生产状况。 西北地区所处区位特殊，西北的生态环境优劣将对我国北方乃至全国生态环境产生影响，因此必然成为我国生态文明建设的重点区域。从以前的西北防护林建设至如今国家投入巨资的三江源工程、石羊河治理工程就可见一斑。因此，从长远看，西北地区的苗木需求量仍然是一个巨大缺口，苗木生产将是拥有良好前景的产业项目。 本项目完全可以满足绿化环境防护林建设需求，同时能够根据需求，调整各树种、品种育苗规模。 (五)基础设施 兰州华耀农业科技开发有限公司their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 区域内道路四通八达，并有国道、高速、省道贯穿其中，交通运输条件优越，通讯、供电可到达项目区每个行政村。具有灌溉、排水条件。 (六)项目支持 省市各级政府对兰州市南北两山环境绿化防护林建设项目非常重视。我公司对该项目进行全方位的资金和技术支持。 四、建设目标 (一)建设目标 2011—2015年完成荒山绿化任务，营造水土保持林和水源涵养林2000亩。2011年完成400亩，2012—2015年每年500亩左右。项目建成后，区域内森林覆盖率达到35%以上，水土流失基本得到控制，大幅度增加水源涵养量，气候条件明显改善。 (二)指导思想与建设原则 以建设现代林业为目标，以培育和保护森林资源为基础，以提高林业的生态效益为重点，全面实施荒山造林绿化工程，充分发挥森林在治理水土流失、涵养水源、改善群众生存环境、建设生态城市中的主体作用，促进人与自然的健康、持续、和谐发展。 绿化防护林建设的原则是因地制宜，适地适树，充分利用荒山资源，改善生态环境，满足社会需求，充分发挥森林多种效益。 their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 兰州市安宁区石楷沟以东、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右林地林地绿化、林地生态环境改良项目 (三)建设任务 在兰州市安宁区石楷沟以东、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右北山宜林荒山开展人工造林，面积2000亩。建设内容主要包括育苗、整地、造林、幼林抚育、病虫防治和森林防火。 五、项目建设方案 (一)总体布局 根据《兰州市南北两山环境绿化荒山造林规划方案》。依据自然条件和生态区位，全部营造以保持水土、涵养水源为主要功能的防护林。山高、坡陡、土层薄的区域，以保持水土为主，水库周围以涵养水源为主，主要公路附近适当考虑景观效果。 (二)建设内容 1、营造林工程 (1)林种树种:在坡度25?以上的陡坡地和坡度25?以下、土层厚度小于30厘米，以及植被稀疏易引起水土流失的宜林荒山营造水土保持林。采用根系发达，固土力强，能减缓地表径流，保护地表植被的树种，如刺槐、侧柏及胡枝子。 在水源周围营造水源涵养林，选择易形成枯枝落叶层，截流能力强的刺槐、毛白杨、油松等作为造林树种。 their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote 兰州华耀农业科技开发有限公司 the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 靠近主要道路的山坡，采用油松和苦楝、臭椿、桑树等树种，在发挥防护功能的同时，改善自然景观，起到一定的绿化美化作用。 (2)造林方式 为保证造林质量，提高造林成活率和保存率，加快荒山绿化速度，提高项目建设进度，全部采用人工植苗造林。 2、苗木基地建设 兰州市南北两山(安宁区石楷沟以东，岩池沟、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右)北山荒山绿化防护林建设项目共需苗木25.24万株，其中刺槐15.61万株，侧柏2.41万株，油松4.22万株，其他3万株。造林成活率达到85%以上，保存率达到80%以上。 项目建设开始后，要以国营苗圃为依托，调整育苗树种结构，以需求定培育，保证山区防护林建设用苗。 3、森林保护与管护工程 一是采用生物防治和化学防治相结合的方法，搞好林木的病虫防治，特别是美国白蛾的防治;二是通过修建了望台，开设防火道，设置隔离带等措施，防止山林火灾;三是建立专业护林队伍，加强幼林管护，防止人畜毁林。需建立测报点5处，了望台10个，开设防火道39公里，配备护林员13人。 4、配套工程 their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 兰州市安宁区石楷沟以东、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右林地林地绿化、林地生态环境改良项目 在造林地比较集中，有一定水源的地方，建设蓄水及引水设施，保证造林及扶育管护用水，提高成活率。 (三)营造林技术措施 1、造林密度 根据项目区立地条件，树种特性和林种功能，参照《甘肃省主要造林树种初植密度》，确定造林密度为刺槐167株/亩，侧柏222株/亩，油松267株/亩，其他树种111株/亩。 2、配置方式 为发挥森林的多种效益，充分利用荒山资源，提高林木生长度，防止病虫害蔓延，减少山林火灾，一律采取混交的方式进行配置，刺槐混交侧柏、油松，侧柏混交刺槐或其他阔叶树。为便于造林，一般采用片状混交;混交比例为7:3或6:4，各树种面积和形状依小班情况而定。 3、整地方式 为保持水土，采用鱼鳞坑整地，鱼鳞坑规格为长0.6米，宽0.4米，深0.3米。鱼鳞坑依山势呈等高线排列，相邻坑呈“品”字形。 4、苗木规格 their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote 兰州华耀农业科技开发有限公司 the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 依据《甘肃省省主要造林树种苗木 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 》，结合项目实际情况，确定造林苗木规格为:刺槐苗高1.0米，地径0.8厘米;侧柏苗高0.6米，地径0.5厘米;油松苗高1.0米，地径1.0厘米;其他树种苗高1.0米，地径0.8厘米。 5、造林季节 刺槐可春季造林，也可冬季造林，冬季造林需平茬，以提高造林成活率。侧柏、油松宜雨季造林，如冬、春造林应采用容器苗或带土球。其他阔叶树种参照刺槐。 6、幼林抚育 造林后要及时进行幼林抚育，抚育内容包括浇水、补植、松土、除草、扩穴、病虫害防治等，每年抚育1—2次。 (四)项目可行性分析 该项目建设技术方案是根据上级业务部门的有关技术规定，依据《兰州市南北两山环境绿化工程规划方案》，结合项目区实际情况，本着投资少、见效快，充分发挥森林多种效益的原则确定的，具有很强的可操作性，切实可行。往年的造林绿化实践也证明了技术方案的可行性。 their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 兰州市安宁区石楷沟以东、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右林地林地绿化、林地生态环境改良项目 六、绿化种植工程的技术措施及施工办法 植物界的植物种类繁多，但每种植物都有自己特定的特性，了解这种特性对绿化造林施工中的苗木种植、养护均有很大的帮助。在种植前根据苗木的各种特性，制定有针对性的种植和养护 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 ，如对于喜温暖气候、不耐寒的苗木在冬季种植养护时，要注意保暖措施，不适应湿地种植的苗木要注意排水，避免死烂根。 种植前先对种植土进行测试，确定PH 值，再按苗木的不同特征，对种植土壤进行改良。 一、乔木类 指树体高在5m 以上，有明显主干，分枝点距地面较高的树木。可分为常绿叶乔木、落叶针叶乔木、落叶阔叶乔木。 二、乔木栽植及养护措施 (一)栽植准备 1、选树 为绿化造林的需要，须选择根系发达的树木，观察是否已切根、移植、无病虫害和机械损伤，生长旺盛。 2、断根 兰州华耀农业科技开发有限公司their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 在树根四周挖一圈约40CM 的环沟，深度为60,80CM，树根斩断一定要使用锋利铲具，使切口光滑，挖好后，用A、B、D 生根水用刷子涂抹于切口处，促进植物伤口愈合，促发新根，并用拌有有机肥料的松土填入并夯实，然后浇水。 3、选择栽植时期 时下为苗木生理适应的最佳移植时间，若有幸中标本工程，我单位将立即组织树木进行移植，同时为确保成活率，要注意选择阴而无雨或晴而少风的天气进行。 4、挖掘、包装 起苗前在树冠叶面上喷洒P(V(O 水分蒸腾抑制剂，可以有效减少叶面水分蒸发，同时不会影响树木呼吸和光合作用，同时在挖掘时，尽量减少须根的损伤有利于移植后成活。 采用可靠的挖掘包装方法:先铲除根部浮土10CM 左右，从切根环状沟外侧稍远处开挖，至垂直深度80CM 处止，然后采用双层网络法对土球进行包扎，如遇土壤干旱，则在挖掘数天前应灌水，以免土球松散。 5、吊装上车 吊放时，吊机吨位选用30T，确保吊机能力为大树总重量的5 倍以上，钢丝绳扎结，主绳扎结于泥球中偏下部，辅绳扎结于主干上，their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 兰州市安宁区石楷沟以东、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右林地林地绿化、林地生态环境改良项目 辅绳主要起稳定作用，使大部分承重落于土球一端。为防止钢丝绳嵌入土球，可在接触部位之垫入木板，钢丝绳扎结部位用轮胎橡皮垫衬，严防损伤树皮，损裂泥球，吊机司机必须服从地面人员的指挥，慎起、缓转、轻放，严禁晃动碰撞。 吊上车后树冠搁放在预制凹木架上，并用紧锁器将大树固定在车上。大树装运选在晚上进行，出发前对叶面喷水并对植株用雨蓬遮盖，防止水分过量蒸发。 (二)运输 树木装进汽车时，使树冠向着汽车尾部，土块靠近驾驶室，树干包上柔软材料放在木架或竹架上，用软绳扎紧，土块下垫一块木衬垫，然后用木板将土球夹住或用绳子将土球缚紧于车厢两侧。一辆汽车只装一株树，在运输前，应先进行行车道路的调查，了解其路面宽度、路面重量、横架空线、桥梁及其负荷情况、人流量等等，以免中途遇故障无法通过，行车过程中押运员应站在车厢尾一面检查运输途中土球绑扎是否松动、树冠是否扫地、左右是否影响其它车辆及行人，同时要手持长竿，不时挑开横架空线，以免发生危险。 (三)定植 1、挖穴、土壤处理 树穴深度比土球深20CM，宽度大60CM，在树穴中填入约20CM 厚的营养土(含有腐熟的有机肥料)保证根系周围养分充足。 their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote 兰州华耀农业科技开发有限公司 the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 2、修剪 采用疏枝方法，剪去重叠枝、病枝、枯枝、虫枝、交叉枝并去强留弱，使树冠层次分明，树冠匀称，但注意修剪不能重叠。 3、种植 将大树轻轻地斜吊放置到早已准备好的种植穴内，撤除缠扎树冠的绳子，并以人工配合机械，将树干立起扶正，初步支撑。树木立起后，要仔细审视树形和环境的关系，转动和调整树冠的方向，使树姿和周围环境相配合，并应尽量地符合原来的朝向。然后，撤除土球外包扎的绳包或箱板，分层填土分层筑实，把土球全埋入地下。在树干周围的地面上，要做出拦水围堰。最后，要灌一次透水。 (四)、养护措施 定植大树后必须进行养护工作，应采取下列措施: 1.支撑树干:刚栽上的大树特别容易歪倒，要设立支架，把树牢固地支撑起来，确保大树不会歪斜。考虑到本工程靠江、风大，所以必须采用有效的固定措施。 具体措施:采用“十”字扁担桩与三角支撑相结合，浪风绳用6(5MM 钢丝绳，花兰螺丝索紧，固定在角铁桩上，角铁桩打入地内1(2M 处，三角支撑点在树林2,3 处，扁担桩可用来防止苗木下沉移位。三角支撑可有效地防止树身过度晃动，以免根须拉断。 their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 兰州市安宁区石楷沟以东、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右林地林地绿化、林地生态环境改良项目 2.浇水:养护期中，要注意浇水。在夏天，要多对地面和树冠喷洒清水，增加环境湿度，降低蒸腾作用。 3.施肥:移植后第一年秋天，就应当施一次追肥。第二年早春和秋季，也至少要施肥2,3 次。 4.生长素处理:为了促进根系生长，可在浇灌的水中加入0(02,的生长素，使根系提早生长健全。 5.包裹树干:为了保持树干的湿度，减少树皮蒸腾的水分，要对树干进行包裹。盛夏，为降低蒸腾量，也可在树冠周围搭荫棚或挂草帘。裹干时可用漫湿的草绳从树基往上密密地缠绕树干，一直缠裹到主干顶部。接着，再将调制的粘土泥浆厚厚地糊满草绳子裹着的树干。以后，可经常用喷雾器为树干喷水保湿。 三、苗木种植和养护 (一)栽植前准备 1、明确施工任务量 首先明确以下问题: (1)工程范围及任务量。 (2)工程的施工期限。 their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote 兰州华耀农业科技开发有限公司 the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. (4)了解施工地段的地上、地下情况，包括:有关部门对地上物的保留和处理要求等;地下管线特别是要了解地下各种电缆及管线情况，以免施工时造成事故。 (5)定点放线的依据。一般以施工现场及附近水准点作定点放线的依据。如条件不具备，可与设计部门协商，确定一些永久性建筑物作为依据。 (6)工程材料来源。 (7)运输情况。 2、施工现场准备 若施工现场有垃圾、渣土、建筑垃圾等要进行清除，一些有碍施工的障碍物要进行拆迁和迁移，然后按照设计图纸进行地形整理，主要使其与四周道路、广场的标高合理衔接，使绿地排水通畅。如果用机械平整土地，则事先应了解是否有地下管线，以免机械施工时造成管线的损坏。 (二)定点放线 定点放线即是在现场测出苗木栽植位置和株行距，由于树木栽植方式各不相同，定位放线常用的有三种: 1、自然式配置乔、灌木放线法; 2、整形式(行列式)放线法; their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 兰州市安宁区石楷沟以东、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右林地林地绿化、林地生态环境改良项目 3、等距弧线放线法。考虑本次工程的特点，采用自然式配置乔、灌木放线法: (1)坐标定点法 根据植物配置的疏密度，先按一定的比例在设计图及现场分别打好方格，在图上用尺量出树木在某方格的纵横坐标尺寸，再按此位置用皮尺量在现场相应的方格内。 (2)仪器测放法 用经纬仪或小平板仪依据地上原有基点或建筑物、道路将树群或孤植树依照设计图上的位置依次定出每株的位置。 (3)目测法 对于设计图上无固定点的绿化种植，如灌木丛、树群等可用上述两种方法划出树群树丛的栽植范围，其中每株树木的位置和排列可根据设计要求在所定范围内用目测法进行定点，定点时应注意植株的生态要求并注意自然美观。定好点后，多采用白灰打点可打桩，标明树种，栽植数量(灌木丛树种)、坑径。 (三)苗木准备 1、苗木的选择，除了根据设计提出对规格和树形的要求外，要注意选择长势健旺、无病虫害、无机械损伤、树形端正、根须发达的their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote 兰州华耀农业科技开发有限公司 the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 苗木;尽量选用在育苗期内经过翻栽，根系集中在树蔸的苗木。苗木选好后，要挂牌或在根基部位划出明显标记，以免挖锚。 2、起苗 起苗时间和栽植时间最好能紧密配合，做到随起随栽。为了挖掘方便，起苗前1,3 天可适当浇水使泥土松软，对起裸根苗来说也便于多带宿土，少伤根系。起苗时，常绿苗应当带有完整的根团土球，土球散落的苗木成活率会降低。土球的大小一般可按树木胸径的10 倍左右确定。对于特别难成活的树种要考虑加大土球。土球高度一般可比宽度少5,1 0cm。一般的落叶树苗也多带有土球，但在秋季起苗移栽时，也可裸根起苗。裸根苗木若运输距离比较远，需要在根蔸里填塞湿草，或在外包塑料薄膜保湿，以免根系失水过多，影响栽植成活率。为了减少树苗水分蒸腾，提高移栽成活率，掘苗后，装车前应进行粗略修剪。 (四)苗木假植 凡是苗木运到后在几天以内不能按时栽种，或是栽种后苗木有剩余的，都要进行假植。所谓假植，就是暂时进行的栽植。假植有带土球栽植与裸根栽植两种情况。 1、带土球的苗木假植: 栽植时，可将苗木的树冠捆扎收缩起来，使每一棵树苗都是土球挨土球，树冠靠树冠，密集地挤在一起。然后，在土球层上面盖一层their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 兰州市安宁区石楷沟以东、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右林地林地绿化、林地生态环境改良项目 壤土，填满土球间的缝隙;再对树冠及土球均匀地洒水，使上面湿透，以后仅保持湿润就可以了，或者，把带着土球的苗木临时性地栽到一块绿化用地上，土球埋入土中l,3,1,2 深，株距则视苗木假植时间长短和土球、树冠的大小而定。一般土球与土球之间相距1 5,30cm 即可。苗木成行列式栽好后，浇水保持一定湿度即可。 2、裸根苗木假植: 对裸根苗木，一般采取挖掘假植方式。先要在地面挖浅沟，沟深40,60cm。然后将裸根苗木一棵棵紧靠着呈30 度斜栽到沟中，使树梢朝向西边或朝向南边。如树稍向西，开沟的方向为东西向;若树稍向南，则沟的方向为南北向。苗木密集斜栽好以后，在根蔸上分层覆土，层层插实。以后，经常对枝叶喷水，保持湿润。 不同的苗木假植时，最好按苗木种类规格分区假植，以方便绿化施工。假植区的土质不宜太泥泞，地面不能积水，在周围边沿地带要挖沟排水。假植区内要留出起运苗木的通道。在太阳特别强烈的日子里，假植苗木上面应该设置遮光网，减弱光照强度。 (五)挖种植穴 在栽苗木之前应以所定的灰点为中心沿四周向下挖穴，种植穴的大小依土球规格及根系情况而定。带土球的应比土球大16,20cn，栽裸根苗的穴应保证根系充分舒展，穴的深度一般比土球高度稍深些(10,20cm)，穴的形状一般为圆形，但必须保证上下口径大小一致。 their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote 兰州华耀农业科技开发有限公司 the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 种植穴挖好后，可在穴中填些表土，如果坑内土质差或瓦砾多，则要求清除瓦砾垃圾，最好是更换新土。如果种植土太瘠瘦，就先要在穴底垫后层基肥。基肥一定要经过充分腐熟的有机肥，如堆肥、厩肥等。基肥上还应当铺一层壤土，厚度5cm 以上。 (六)定植 1、定植前的修剪 在定植前，苗木必须经过修剪，其主要目的是减少水分的散发，保证树势平衡以保证树木成活。修剪时其修剪量依不同树种要求而有所不同，一般对常绿针叶树及用于植篱的灌木不多剪，只剪去枯病枝、受伤枝即可。对于较大的落叶乔木， 尤其是生长势较强，容易抽出新枝的树木如杨、柳、槐等可进行强修剪，树冠可剪去1,2 以上。这样可减轻根系负担，维持树木体内水分平衡，也使得树木栽后稳定，不致招风摇动。对于花灌木及生长较慢的树木可进行疏枝，短截去全部叶或部分叶，去除枯病枝、过密枝，对于过长的枝条可剪1,3,1,2。修剪时要注意分枝点的高度。灌木的修剪要保持其自然树形，短截时应保持外低内高。树木定植之前，还应对根系进行适当修剪，主要是将断根、劈裂根、病虫根和过长的根剪去。修剪时剪口应平而光滑，并及时涂抹防腐剂以防过分蒸发、干旱、冻伤及病虫危害。 their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 兰州市安宁区石楷沟以东、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右林地林地绿化、林地生态环境改良项目 2、定植方法 苗木修剪后即可定植，定植的位置应符合设计要求。定植施工的方法是:将苗木的土球或根蔸放入种植穴内，使其居中;再将树干立起，扶正，使其保持垂直;然后分层回填种植土，填土后将树根稍向上一提，使根群舒展开，每填一层土就要用锄把将土插紧实，直到填满穴坑，并使土面能够盖住树木的根颈部位，初步栽好后还应检查一下树干是否仍保持垂直，树冠有无偏斜;若有所偏斜，就要再加扶正。最后，把余下的穴土绕根颈一周进行培土，做成环形的拦水围堰。其围堰的直径应略大于种植穴的直径。堰土要拍压紧实，不能松散。 四、苗木的养护措施 栽植较大的乔木时，在定植后应支撑，以防浇水后大风吹倒苗木。树木定植后24 小时内必须浇完第一遍水，水要浇透，使泥土充分吸收水分，根系与土紧密结合，以利根系发育。树木栽植后应时常注意树干四周种植土是否下沉或开裂，如有这种情况应及时加土或平踩实。此外，还应进行及时的中耕，扶直歪斜树木，并进行封堰。封堰时要使泥土略高于地面，要注意防寒，其措施应按树木的耐寒性及当地气候而定。 七、投资概算 第一阶段: (一)造林用工量投资 兰州华耀农业科技开发有限公司their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 经概算，本阶段总用工量13708个，按75元/工日计算，共需用工投资102.81万元。基中整地4947工日，挖穴2105工日，栽植4474工日，补植4797工日，松土除草3137工日，定干723工日，浇水6263工日，修枝523工日，管护723工日，病虫防治823工日。 (二)物料数量投资 物料总投资95.2万元。其中苗木25.24万株，投资75.38万元;农药13210公斤，投资19.82万元。 第二阶段: (一)造、营林用工量投资 经概算，本阶段总用工量33708个，按75元/工日计算，共需用工投资252.81万元。基中整地7442工日，挖穴9123工日，栽植6874工日，补植3237工日，松土除草4117工日，定干1433工日，浇水6263工日，修枝1123工日，管护1233工日，病虫防治876工日。 (二)物料数量投资 物料总投资254.67万元。其中苗木75.24万株，投资227.38万元;农药33210公斤，投资27.29万元。 八、效益预测 据调查，每亩森林每年可涵蓄降水67立方米，减少土壤侵蚀1.5立方米。越是山高坡陡、土层薄的地方，森林保持水土、涵养水源的their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development. 兰州市安宁区石楷沟以东、荞麦沟以西的2000亩左右林地林地绿化、林地生态环境改良项目 效果越明显。可以预测项目建成后，每年涵蓄降水87万立方米，减 少土壤侵蚀2万方以上，能有效地改善山区气候和自然景观，生态和 社会效益显著。 their own conditions to develop the correct road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote 兰州华耀农业科技开发有限公司 the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicity of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the integration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspection and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construction management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competition, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire workforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.