616综合英语 - 2008年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题

616综合英语 - 2008年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题 2008年硕士究生招生入考硕硕硕研学 科目代硕及名称硕合英硕 适用硕硕,英硕硕言文学: 616 ;硕考生在答硕硕上答硕～在此硕硕硕上答硕无效, 硕合英硕卷A 第一部分 硕合知硕硕 ;共分,45 I. There are twenty multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (20) th1. Most of the ballads of the 15 century focused on the legend about as a heroic figure. A. Green Nights B. Gawain C. Robin Hood D. Hamlet2. The vivid portrayal of by Shakespeare in Henry IV has earned for him an enviable place in the history of English literature. A. Julius Caesar B. Falstaff C. Hamlet D. King Henry3. Francis Bacon’s Essays first published in 1597 has been considered as an important landmark in the development of English , and as the first collection of essays in the English language. A. poetry B. epics C. fiction D. prose 4. John Dryden was all of the following EXCEPT in the literary world of Restoration England. A. a poet B. a dramatist C. a literary critic D. a short story writer 1 5. “Yahoos” from the novel written by Jonathan Swift are described to be very much similar to human beings in outward appearance and their unworthy actions as well. A. Gulliver’s Travels B. The Adventure of Robison Crusoe C. The Wuthering Heights D. Sons and Lovers th6. The greatest English playwright of the 18 century was . A. Walt Scott B. Bernard Shaw C. John Milton D. Richard Sheridan7. The famous line “If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” was from written by Percy Bysshe Shelly. A. “Ode to the West Wind” B. “Ode on a Grecian Urn” C. “Ode to a Skylark” D. “Ode to a Nightingale” 8. by Emily Bronte deals chiefly with the story of Heathcliff, a gipsy waif. A. The Mill on the Floss B. Wuthering Heights C. The Song of the Shirt D. Tess of the d’Urbervilles 9. James Joyce’s novel has been highly eulogized in the Western literary world as one of ththe greatest works of fiction in the 20 century. A. Ulysses B. Daisy Miler C. Sister Carrie D. The Mayor of Casterbridge thth10. During the last part of the 19 century and the first part of the 20 century, enjoyed considerable popularity among writers in the English-speaking world. A. realism B. modernism C. symbolism D. classicism 2 11. E. E. Cummings is best known for his lyrical and typographically eccentric . A. novels B. poetry C. prose D. drama 12. The principal character in opposition to the hero or heroine of a narrative or drama is called a A. antagonist B. protagonist C. rival D. opponent 13. There are state churches in Britain A. two B. three C. four D. five 14. Edinburgh is the capital city of . A. Wales B. Ireland C. Scotland D. Northern Ireland15. Which city in the USA is considered the birthplace of jazz music? A. Salt Lake City B. Boston C. Seattle D. New Orleans16. Which of the following is not a supra-segmental feature? A. intonation B. stress C. aspiration D. tone 17. Which of the following groups is a complementary antonym? A. good-bad B. buy-sell C. above-below D. boy-girl18. The meaning of a sentence is . A. related to its syntactic structure B. independent of its structure C. the sum total of the words used in it D. unrelated to the context 19. Mode of discourse 3 A. is determined by the register. B. refers to the area of operation of the language activity. C. determines the level of formality of the language use. D. is concerned with how communication is carried out.20. Taboo is closely related to the . A. the maxim of quantity B. the maxim of relation C. cooperative principle D. politeness principleII. Answer the following questions briefly (25) ;分,21. What is the keynote of Renaissance?2 ;分,22. Who wrote the poems Auld Lang Syne and A Red, Red Rose? 2 23. Which of D. H. Lawrence’s novels was not permitted to be sold in England or America ;分,until 1960? 2 ;分,24. Who wrote the novel Mrs. Dalloway? 2 ;分,25. What is the definition of “a abound morpheme”?4 ;分,26. What is “code-switching”? 4 ;分,27. What does the term “conversational implicature” refer to? 4 ;分,28. What is the “semantic triangle”?5 第二部分 硕言技能硕 ;共分,105 III. Cloze: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four 4 choices marked A., B., C. and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the 分passage.(10) Today the world's economy is going through two great changes, both bigger than an Asian financial crisis here or a European monetary union there. The first change is that a lot of industrial production is moving from the United States, Western Europe and Japan to developing countries in Latin America, South-East Asia and Eastern Europe. In 1950, the United States alone _29_ for more than half of the world's economy output. In 1990, it’s share was down to a quarter. By 1990, 40% of IBM's employees were non-Americans; Whirlpool, America's leading _30_ of domestic appliances, cut its American labor force _31_ 10%. Quite soon now, many big western companies will have more employees in poor countries than in rich ones. The second great change is _32_, in the rich countries of the OECD, the balance of economic activity is _33_ from manufacturing to services. In the United States and Britain, the _34_ of workers in manufacturing has shrunk since 1900 from around 40% to barely half that. 35 in Germany and Japan, which rebuilt so many factories after 1945, manufacturing's share of jobs is now below 30%. The effect of the _36_ is increased as manufacturing moves from rich countries to the developing ones, whose cheap labor 37 them a sharp advantage in many of the _38_ tasks required by mass production. 29. A. accounted B. occupied C. played D. shared 5 30. A. state B. consumer C. representative D. supplier 31. A. by B. at C. through D. in 32. A. what B. like C. that D. how 33. A. ranging B. varying C. swinging D. getting 34. A. proportion B. number C. quantity D. group 35. A. Furthermore B. Even C. Therefore D. Hence 36. A. question B. manufacturing C. shift D. rebuilding 37. A. gives B. lends C. borrows D. takes 38. A. repetitive B. various C. creative D. enormous IV. Proof-reading 分(10) In 1950 it was predicted that eight or ten electronic computers would be sufficient to handle all the scientific and business needs of the United States. Likewisely, the 39 chief executive officer of IBM advised the company not to invest time or money developing computers because he foresaw a limited commercial market. 40 But these predictions were proved totally inaccurate as the computer industry developing into a multibillion-dollar business. Today the computer plays a 41 vital role in the lives of many Americans and is seen as one of the greatest technological developments of all times. Basically a computer is an electronic machine that is capable of 6 performing mathematical tasks of solving scientific or clerical problems in a 42 relatively short period of time. There are two main elements of any computer systems —hardware and software. Hardware is the physical equipment, i.e. 43 the machinery and electronic components. Certain tasks are performed for the hardware. 44 In very simple words, these tasks can be described in the following processes: 45 input ?storage and/or manipulation? output Properly prepared pieces of informations known as data are put into the computer (input). They are put away 46 for future use (storage) and/or handled for a specific purpose (manipulation). Finally, the results are made available to the users (output). The combinations of 47these tasks is known as data processing. Equally as important as hardware in the operation of computers is software. This term refers to the programs and procedures that make it possible to use the computer. A program is a detailed set of instructions that tells the computer what to do, how to do it, and the proper sequence of steps to do. 48 分V. Reading Comprehension (30) Passage 1 Archaeology has long been an accepted tool for studying prehistoric cultures. Relatively recently the same techniques have been systematically applied to studies of more immediate past. This has been called “historical archaeology", a term that is used in the 7 United States to refer to any archaeological investigation into North American sites that postdate the arrival of Europeans. Back in the 1930s and 1940s, when restoration was popular, historical archeology was primarily a tool of architectural reconstruction. The role of archaeologists was to find the foundations of historic buildings and then take back seat to architects. The mania for reconstruction had largely subsided by the 1950s and 1960s. Most people entering historical archaeology during this period came out of university anthropology departments where they had studied prehistoric cultures. They were, by training, social scientists, not historians, and their work tended to reflect this bias. The questions they framed and the techniques they used were designed to help them understand, as scientists, how people behaved. But because they were treading on historical ground for which there was often extensive written documentation and because their own knowledge of these periods was usually limited, their contributions to American history remained circumscribed. Their reports, highly technical and sometimes poorly written, went unread. More recently, professional archaeologists have taken over. These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history, providing fresh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented. This newer emphasis on archaeology as social history has shown great promise, and indeed work done in this area has led to a 8 reinterpretation of the United States past. In Kingston, New York, for example, evidence has been uncovered that indicates that English goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly controlled trading in the area. And in Sacramento an excavation at the site of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the building's basement despite sanitation laws to the contrary. 49. What is the main topic of the passage? A. How the purpose and the methods of historical archaeology have changed. B. How archaeology has been applied to studies of prehistoric cultures. C. The attitude of professional archaeologists holds toward historical archaeology. D. The contributions made to historical archaeology. 50. According to the passage, what is a relatively new focus in archaeology? A. Studying prehistoric cultures. B. Investigating ancient sites in what is now the United States. C. Comparing the culture of North America to that of Europe. D. Studying the recent past. 51. According to the passage, when had historical archaeologists been trained as anthropologists? A. Before the 1930s B. During the 1930s and 1940s 9 C. During the 1950s and 1960s D. After the 1960s 52. In the third paragraph, the author implies the questions and techniques of history and those of social science are A. of equal value in studying prehistoric cultures B. quite different from each other C. all aiming to understand people's behavior D. all highly technical and poorly written 53. The equivalent of the “supposedly" in the last paragraph is A. rigidly B. barely C. seemingly D. ruthlessly Passage 2 Many of the most damaging and life-threatening types of weather-torrential rains, severe thunderstorm, and tornadoes begin quickly, strike suddenly, and dissipate rapidly, devastating small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. One such event, a tornado, struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $ 250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm.Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are 10 taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do, forecasting specific local events.Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, or Nowcast, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was prohibitively high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were insurmountable. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observations over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality. 54. The author mentions the tornado in Edmonton, Canada, in order to 11 A. indicate that tornadoes are common in the summer B. give an example of a damaging storm C. explain different types of weather D. show that tornadoes occur frequently in Canada 55. All the following are mentioned as an advance in short-range weather forecasting EXCEPT A. weather balloons B. radar systems C. automated instruments D. satellites56. With Nowcasting, it first became possible to provide information about A. short-lived local storms B. radar networks C. long-range weather forecasts D general weather conditions 57. With which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree? A. Communications satellites can predict severe weather. B. Meteorologists should standardize computer programs. C. The observation-intensive approach is no longer useful. D. Weather predictions are becoming more accurate. 58. Nowcasting would be best illustrated by A. a five-day forecast B. a warning about a severe thunder-storm on the radio C. the average rainfall for each month D. a list of temperatures in major citiesPassage 3 12 Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable prices, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labor, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services, without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television license would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost percent more. And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven Acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value. Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of. There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare hat he was against advertising because it persuades 13 rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade. If its message were confined merely to information, and that it itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive, advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants. 59. By the first sentence of the passage the author means that . A. he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising B. everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming C. advertising costs money like everything else D. it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising 60. The phrase “live up to" in Line 3, Paragraph 2 can be replaced by . A. survive B. complement C. agree with D. carry on 61. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising? A. Securing greater fame. B. Providing more jobs. C. Enhancing living standards. D. Reducing newspaper cost. 62. The author deems that the well-known TV personality is . A. very precise in passing his judgment on advertising 14 B. interested in nothing but the buyer's attention C. correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information D. obviously partial in his views on advertising 63. In the author's opinion . A. advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information B. advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over C. there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer D. the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement ;分VI. Translation55) 分A) Translation from English to Chinese (25) A Year without 'Made in China' Last year, two days after Christmas, we kicked China out of the house. Not the country obviously, but bits of plastic, metal, and wood stamped with the words "Made in China." We kept what we already had, but stopped bringing any more in. The banishment was no fault of China's. It had coated our lives with a cheerful veneer of toys, gadgets, and $10 children's shoes. Sometimes I worried about jobs sent overseas or nasty reports about human rights abuses, but price trumped virtue at our house. We couldn't resist what China was selling. 15 But on that dark Monday last year, a creeping unease washed over me as I sat on the sofa and surveyed the gloomy wreckage of the holiday. It wasn't until then that I noticed an irrefutable fact: China was taking over the place. It stared back at me from the empty screen of the television. I spied it in the pile of tennis shoes by the door. It glowed in the lights on the Christmas tree and watched me in the eyes of a doll splayed on the floor. I slipped off the couch and did a quick inventory, sorting gifts into two stacks: China and non-China. Through tricks and persuasion I got my husband on board, and on January 1 we launched a yearlong household embargo on Chinese imports. The idea wasn't to punish China, which would never feel the pinprick of our protest. And we didn't fool ourselves into thinking we'd bring back a single job to unplugged company towns in Ohio and Georgia. We pushed China out of our lives because we wanted to measure how far it had pushed in. We wanted to know what it would take in time, money, and aggravation to kick our China habit. 分B) Translation from Chinese to English (30) 品牌意硕 品牌常被硕硕是西方告硕硕展的硕物～然而～最早的“品牌”可追溯到中和埃及的早广国 期文明。千年前中制造的陶器上面就有陶器硕人留下的符或印硕～古埃及的壁数国号画 16 上也有身上印有硕硕的牲畜～硕些可能就是硕史上最初的“品牌”。硕硕境～如今美人有“迪拉克;迁国卡,”～日本人有“田;丰,”～CadillacToyota 德人有“奔硕;国,”～他硕都以自己硕有的硕硕名牌而硕傲。中的民族品国Mercedes-Benz牌世界硕品牌相比相形失色～硕就是我硕不可否硕、必硕面硕的硕硕。着品牌全球化的到与随来 国争国内硕硕化～洋品牌不向中的市硕硕起攻硕。在硕硕情下～我硕必硕回答的一硕硕硕便断国况个 是,中品牌如何才能迎硕洋品牌,国呢 17 第 硕～共 硕10 10 18