小学六年级英语语法讲解及专项练习

小学六年级英语语法讲解及专项练习 小升初英语语法时态讲解与归纳(一) 【一般现在时】 一. 意义:表示经常发生的事情，动作或存在的状态 二. 构成及变化 1.be动词的变化。 肯定句:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如: I am a boy。我是一个男孩。 否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker。他不是工人。 一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。 如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not。 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike? 2. 行为动词的变化。 当主语为第一，二人称及复数时，助动词为do 肯定句:主语+动词原形(+其它)。如: We often play basketball after school。 否定句:主语+ don't+动词原形(+其它)。如:we don’t play basketball after school。 一般疑问句:Do +主语+动词原形+其它, 如: Do you often play basketball after school l? Yes, we do. / No, we don't。 特殊疑问句:疑问词+以do开头的一般疑问句, 如: What do you often do after school ? 当主语为第三人称单数时 ,助动词为does 肯定句:主语+动词三单式(+其它)。如: He swims well。 1 否定句:主语+ doesn’t+动词原形(+其它)。如:He doesn’t swim well。. 一般疑问句:Does +主语+动词原形+其它。 如:Does he swim well ? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't。 特殊疑问句:疑问词+以does开头的一般疑问句, 如: How does your father go to work? 三。第三人称单数的动词变化规则(只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三单式) (1)多数动词直接加s:runs gets likes collets takes plays climbs„„。 (2)结尾是s, x, sh, ch, o,前为辅音字母， 结尾加es :watches teaches goes does washes crosses mixes brushes (3)动词末尾y前为辅音:将y改为i加es: study?studies fly?flies carry?carries cry?cries 但在y前如果为元音则直接加s:buys says 四。时间标志:always , usually , often , sometimes ,every„ 【现在进行时】 一。意义——当表示现在正在进行的动作或正在发生的事。 二。构成:be (am, is ,are )+动词现在分词-ing形式 肯定句: 主语 + be + 现在分词V-ing (+ 其他) I’m doing my homework now 。 否定句:主语+be+not+动词-ing +其他. I’m not doing my homework now。 一般疑问句:Be+主语+动词-ing +其他, Are you doing your home work now? Yes, I am . No , I’m not 。 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be+主语+动词-ing+其他,What are you doing now ? 2 三. 现在分词的构成: (1)一般在动词末尾直接加ing, (2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e,再加ing， 如 skate ?skating make ?making dance ? dancing write ? writing have ? having ride ? riding come ? coming (3)以重读闭音节结尾的动词，中间只有一个元音字母，词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing, 如: putting running beginning stopping swimming shopping jogging sitting getting forgetting letting 四。时间标志——now，句前的look ,listen 【一般过去时】 一。意义:表示过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态。 二。构成及变化 1. Be动词在一般过去时中的变化: am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t) are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t) 带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 2.行为动词在一般过去时中的变化: 肯定句 : 主语 + 动词的过去式 .I watched a film last Sunday 。 否定句 : 主语+ didn’t + 动词原形.I didn’t watch a film last Sunday 。 一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 ? Did you watch a film last Sunday ? Yes, I did . No , I didn’t 。 3 特殊疑问句:疑问词+ 以did 开头的一般疑问句 ?What did you do last Sunday ? 三、时间标志: yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening„) last night (week, month, year„)， a moment ago , a week ago, three years ago„ just now, 【一般将来时】 一。意义: 表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。 二. 构成及变化: 一般将来时常用的两种结构 be going to+动词原形 : 表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。 shall,will+动词原形 : 表示将要发生的动作或情况，没有太多的 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 性， 还用来表示意愿 1. be going to +动词原形 1.肯定句 主语+be(am /,is,/ are) going to +动词原形+其它成份 My sister is going to learn English next year. 我姐姐准备明年学英语。 2.否定句 主语+be(am / is / are)not going to +动词原形 +其它成份 I am not going to(go to)the cinema tonight. 我今天晚上不打算去看电影。 4 3.一般疑问句 Be (am / is / are)+主语+going to+动词原型+其它成份„? Is your father going to play basketball with you ?No , he isn’t。 你父亲打算和你去打篮球吗,不。 4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(Wh-)+一般疑问句 ? Where are you going to spend Spring Fesital.? 春节你打算在哪过, 5.注意: be going to 结构后面习惯上不跟 go ， come 等表位移的动词，一般用该动词的进行时形式表示。如: He’s going to New York next week。 下周他要去纽约。 2.will /shall +动词原形 (在书面语中，主语是第一人称时，常用shall ,在口语中，所有人称都可以用will) 1.肯定句 主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它成份 I (shall) write to him next week. 下周我将给他写信。 2.否定句 主语 + will /shall+ not + 动词原形 +其它成份 They won’t watch TV this evening。今天晚上他们不看电视。 3.一般疑问句 will/shall+主语 +动词原形+其它成份 Will you stay at home with us tomorrow , 明天你和我们呆在家里好吗, 4.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词(Wh-) +一般疑问句 When will your father be back? 你爸爸什么时侯回来, 三、附 :Shall I /we „常用来征求对方意见，而问对方是否愿意，或者表示客气的邀请，常用Will you„?他们的回答比较灵活。 1.Shall we go to the park ? 肯定Sure , let’s go 。 否定 No , let’s go to the cinema。 2.Will you please come to my birthday party next week ? 5 肯定Yes, I will. / Sure 。 否定 I’m sorry. I’m afraid I can’t。 四、时间标志:tomorrow , soon , next Monday , next year , next weekend , this afternoon , this evening „„ 小学英语时态4种时态 (二) 6 一般现在时 定义: 1.目前存在的状态 2.经常性、习惯性的动作 标志词: 频度副词: 例:always, usually, often, sometimes, every day(week„.) 谓语形式: 系动词be ( am, is, are) 行为动词原形(主语为第三人称单数时V + s, 或 es) 疑问形式: 1.be 放主语前 2.主语前加do 或does (动词还原) 否定式: 1.be + not 2.动词前加 don’t 或doesn’t (动词还原) 提问谓语: What do /does + 主语+ do„? 如:She reads English every day. What does she do every day? 现在进行时 定义: 表示目前正在发生的动作或存在的状态 标志词: 1.提示语:look! Listen! 2.At +时间点 3.前有祈使句 谓语形式: Be (am, is, are ) + V-ing 疑问形式 be 放主语前 否定式: be + not 提问谓语: What is / are +主语+ doing, 如:We’re listening now. What are you doing now? 一般将来时 定义: 1.表示将要或打算做某事 2.将要发生的动作或存在的状态 标志词: 1.tomorrow, the next day, this afternoon, this evening 2.next week (month, year„) 3.in the year 2007 谓语形式: 1.be going to + V 原形 2.will + V 原形 3.go, come, leave 等用现在进行时表示将来 4.want 用现在时表将来 疑问形式: be 或will 放主语前 否定式: be 或 will 后加 not will not = won’t 提问谓语: 1.What is/ are +„going to do„? 2.What will + 主语+do„? 7 如:He will play basketball next week. What will he do next week? 一般过去式 定义: 表示过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态 标志词:1.yesterday, last week/ year/ month 等 2.two years ago/ in 2005 / at that time谓语形式: 1.动词be 的过去时(was, were) 2.行为动词的过去式 疑问形式: 1.was / were 放主语前 2.主语前加did (动词还原) 否定式: 1.was/ were + not 2.动词前加didn’t (动词还原) 提问谓语: What did + 主语+ do„? 如:Tom did his homework last night. What did Tom do last night? 一般过去时 eg:He went to library. 现在进行时 eg:He is going to library. 一般现在时 eg:He goes to library. 一般将来时 eg:He will go to library. eg:He is going to take the exams. *现在完成时 eg:He has been in china for five years. eg:He has been in china since five years ago. eg:I have gone to china. 容易混淆的时态互相比较 1.一般现在时与现在完成时 1) I come from Shanghai(上海人) I have come from Shanghai(从上海来) 2) You read very well. (强调能力) You've read very well. (强调一次刚完成的动作) 3) I forget.(一时想不起来了) I have forgotten.(仍没想起来，可能已回忆起来了) 4) The book is written in simple English. (表状态) The book has been written in simple English.(表动态，已用英语写成) 5) Every time I see him, he's been reading. (两个动作不可能同时进行) 8 Every time I have seen him, he's been reading. (强调两个动作同时进行) 6) He is gone. (强调状态)He has gone (强调动作和时间) 7) He won't come till the play begins. (演出开始时) He won't come till the play has begun.(戏已开始) 8) After I leave school, I'll go to college. (两个动作紧密相接) After I have left school, I'll go to college.(强调毕业后，两个动作可能有间隔) 9) It is a long time since I saw you last. It's been a long time since I saw you last.(这两句话一样，后一句是美国英语) 10) Where are you (在哪)Where have you been(去了哪) 2.一般现在时与现在进行时 1) He works hard.(强调始终如一)He is working hard.(强调现在) 2) What do you do (干什么工作的)What are you doing(在干什么) 3) Here comes the bus! (表高兴和欣慰) The bus is coming.(汽车到来的情景) 4) I forget him name. I'm forgetting his name.(差点把他的名字忘了) 5) You don't eat much. (强调胃口不大) You're not eating much.(你怎么不吃呀) 6) The match starts at 7 o'clock. (比较固定，不宜改变) The match is starting at 7 o'clock.(可以改变) 7) Tom always comes late. Tom is always coming late.(表示不满，责备) 8)Tom goes to college now. Tom is going to college now.(这两句区别不大，后者更生动) 9) I tell you.(我可以告诉你) I'm telling you.(我告诉你吧，有感情色彩) 10) He always sleeps in the afternoon. He is always sleeping in the afternoon.(后者意味着整个下午都睡掉了) 11) I expect you to phone me. ( 几乎等于命令) I'm expecting you to phone me.(婉转) 9 12) What do you say What are you saying(你说些什么呀，表说话人惊讶，不满) 12) I find that the book is too difficult for me.(强调结果) I'm finding that the book is too difficult for me. (强调过程，逐渐感到) 13) Apples cost more these days.(强调事实) Apples are costing more these days.(越来越贵) 14) He always thinks of others. He's always thinking of others.(表示赞扬) 15) Whenever I see him, he argues with somebody.(强调两个动作有先后) Whenever I see him, he is arguing with somebody.(强调两个动作同时进行) 16) I hope you'll give us some advice. I'm hoping you'll give us some advice.(表示语气婉转) 17) I must go. (我应该去)I must be going.(我该走了) 18) We can discuss this while we eat.(说话是没用餐) We can discuss this while we are eating.(进餐已开始) 3. 现在完成时与一般过去时 1) I've seen him this morning.(还在上午的时间里) I saw him this morning.(时间已不在上午了) 2) Who's opened the window (窗户还在开着) Who opened the window (与现在无关,窗户可能已关上) 3) Have you ever heard him sing (他可能不是爱唱歌) Did you ever hear him sing(你曾听过他唱歌吗,他可能是歌唱家) 4) Have you ever heard of such a thing (你听过这种事吗) Did you ever hear of such a thing(这种事, 你听说过吗 是一个修辞性问题，表示惊异。) 5) What have I done to make you so angry (对方仍生气) What did I do to make you so angry (暗示某一过去的时间，可能对方已不生气了。) 6) How has he done it (他这活干的怎么样,强调结果) 10 How did he do it(他是怎么干这活的,强调干活的方式) 7) He has lived in New York for eight years. (他仍在纽约) He lived in New York for eight years.(他可能不在人世了) 8) He has been called a thinker. He was called a thinker.(他曾被誉为思想家) 9) You've heard what I said. (你听见我的话了) You heard what I said.(你是听见我的话的，口气严厉，具有感情色彩。) 10) I've lost my pen. (笔还没找到)I lost my pen.(笔可能找到了) 11) He has already been there. (曾去过哪) He was already there.(当时在哪) 12) Since I have been ill, my friend has visited me every day.(生病还在延续)Since I was ill, my friend has visited me every day. (病已好了) 13) Have you slept well (暗示疲倦了，休息后是否好些了) Did you sleep well(暗示睡的是否舒服，满意) 4. 过去完成时与一般过去时 1) I came here after I finished middle school.(两个动作每间隔) I came here after I had finished middle school.(两个动作有间隔,强调先后概念) 2) I waited till I saw him. I waited till I had seen him. (这两个句子差不多,过去完成时更普遍) 3) We hoped he would come.(我们希望他来) We had hoped he would come.(我们本希望他来的) 4) I don't think he sang as well as he once did.(指具体一次) I don't think he sang as well as he had once done.(泛指以前,现在可能不唱了) 5) Before I came here, I was a soldier.(我来此以前在当兵) Before I came here, I had been a soldier.(我来此以前,曾当过兵) 6) Jim said he didn't know he was so strong.(表示Jim在说话时仍很结实) Jim said he didn't know he had been so strong.(表示在Jim说话之前曾结 11 实过) 7) They were friends from many years.(表示现在还是朋友) They had been friends for many years.(意味这友谊结束了) 8) He did the work at 6.(强调时间) He had done the work at 6. (6点工作已做完) 9) I learned French during my holiday.(强调学了) I had learned French during my holiday. (强调学会了) 10) When she sang she sat down.(表示唱着坐下) When she had sung she sat down.(表示唱完坐下) 11) I went to bed when I did my homework.(不明确) I went to bed when I had done my homework.(作业做完) 12) I have lived here since I was a child.(从我长大成人) I have lived here since I had a child.(从我孩提时) 5. 过去进行时与一般过去时 1) I read a book yesterday. (书已看完) I was reading a book yesterday.(书尚未看完) 2) The guests arrived.(客人已到) The guests were arriving.(客人陆续到达) 3) He woke from a dream. (表示全醒) He was waking from a dream.(表示初醒) 4) The old man died.(已死) The old man was dying.(要死) 5) John told me about it.(告诉我了,我都知道了) John was telling me about it.(跟我谈起过,我想了解更多的事情) 6) They persuaded me to go along with them.(已经说服) They were persuading me to go along with them.(还在劝说) 7) The wind blew hard all night.(强调事实) The wind was blowing hard all night.(强调风刮个不停) 8) I expected you. I was expecting you.(客气,表示可能等了很旧了) 9) He knocked at the door.(强调一次性) 12 He was knocking at the door.(强调多次性) 6. 将来一般时与现在进行时 1) Will he come Is he coming(时间发生的比较近) 2) How long will you stay hear (表示意愿) How long will you stay here(表示打算) 3) She'll have a baby. (表示肯定) She's going to have a baby.(表示推测,计划) 4) I'll see him this evening.(表示意愿) I'm seeing him this evening.(表示打算,已有安排) 7. 现在一般时与过去一般式 1) Do you wish to see me Did you wish to see me(表示婉转客气) 2) That's all I have to say.(我的话就这些) That's all I had to say.(我要说的就这些) 3) How do you like the film (看电影过程中) How did you like the film(看完电影后) 4) It is nice to see you.(见面时说) It was so nice to see you.(离别时说) 5) I never like him. (没时间性) I never liked him.(从来没喜欢过) 6) I think I know that voice.(没见客人时) I thought I know that voice.(见到客人时,证明自己正确或错误) 7) Who is that (哪人还在) Who was that(人已不在场了) 8) This cake is made at home. (家里常做这种蛋糕) This cake was made at home.(这种蛋糕是自家做的) 8.现在完成时与现在完成进行时 1) Someone has phoned you.(打了电话) Someone has been phoning you.(一直在打电话) 2) I've read the novel.(已读完) 13 I've been reading the novel.(还没读完) 3) He has lived here for six weeks. He has been living here for six weeks. (区别不大,后者更口语化) 4) Have you met her lately Have you been meeting her lately(强调动作的重复,经常见面) 5) Who's eaten my apples ( 苹果没有了) Who's been eating my apples(有感情色彩,表示愤怒不满) 9.现在一般时与过去完成时 1) I hope that he'll come. I had hoped he would come.(与事实相反) (经常这样用的词有expect, think, intend, mean, suppose) To the top(回页首) 现在完成时 现在完成时是英语时态中最不好掌握的时态，因为对我们来说，它很难在汉语中找到相对应的说法，下面笔者从几个方面 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 一下现在完成时的用法。 1( 现在完成时的定义:动作发生在过去，对现在的影响和结果。 2( 强调过去的动作和状态对现在产生的影响和结果。 常用的时间状语有:already, yet, never，有时没有时间状语;多是一般疑问句。 I have already seen the film. Have you decided yet 3( 刚刚和最近发生的动作和状态。 常用的时间状语有:just, lately, recently, in the past few daysweeks 注意:just 和just now用不同的时态，just now(刚才)一般用过去时。 I have just phoned him I have visited my parents recently. 4( 从过去一直延续到现在的动作和状态。 常用的时间状语有:since, (可用作介词和连词)for 注意:主句的谓语动词一般是延续性的动词，如果是否定形式，主句的谓语动词可用瞬间动词，否则，不能用瞬间动词。 14 I have lived here for 20 years. I have lived here since I came to this city I have learned English since 10 years ago. He hasn't come to visit us for a few months. 5( 从过去到现在一段时间的动作和状态。 常用的时间状语有:up till now, so far, in this morning, in this week, in this year, in my life 注意:这两句话的区别 I have seen him this morning. (时间还在上午) I saw him this morning. (时间不是在上午了) We have learned so many things from you so far. I have seen any bird like this in my life. 6( 对过去的体验和经历。 常用的时间状语有:before, ever, once, twice, many times 注意:这两句话的区别 I have been to Beijing (去过北京) I have gone to Beijing(去北京了，人还没回来〕 Have you seen tiger before I have been to Shanghai many times. 从上面几方面的分析， 我们把现在完成的用法和时间状语联系起来一起考虑， 掌握完成时态的用法 15 小学六年级英语时态练习题(冲刺阶段必备) ? 用适当形式填空. 1. He __________ back a month ago. (come) 2. My mother often tells me __________ in bed. (not read) 3. I must take it back the day after tomorrow. You can only __________ it for 24 hours. (keep) 4. Why have you kept me __________ here for so long a time? (wait) 5. Please come to our meeting if you __________ free tomorrow. (be) 6. She __________ to the Great Wall several times. (go) 7. In his letter, he said that he __________ us very much. (miss) 8. The film __________ for nearly fifteen minutes when I got to the cinema. (be) 9. He said he became __________ in physics. (interest) 10. This film is worth __________. (see) 11. He went to school instead of __________ home. (go) 12. In the old days it was difficult for the poor to __________ a job. ( find) 13. It's cold outside, so you'd better __________ your coat. (put on) 14. He is hungry. Please give him something __________. (eat) 15. Please don't waste time __________ TV every evening. You should word hard at English. (watch) 16. We found the window __________. (break) 17. You have dropped your pencil. __________. (拾起它) 18. Mother often tells me __________ too late. (not come home) 19. You had better __________ by bus, or you will be late. (go) 20. I will __________ Li Ming the good news as soon as I see him.( tell) 21. Great changes __________ in our country since 1978. (take place) 22. I __________ my daughter since last month. (hear from) 23. It __________ me two days to write the article. (took) 16 24. Don't touch that __________ child. (sleep) 25. Every time he tried to start the car, the wheels __________ deepersintosthe mud. (sink) 26. When I got home, I found that my room __________ breaksintosand a lot of things __________. (steal) 27. If I had arrived there earlier, I __________ him. (meet) 28. I didn't remember __________ her the book before. (give) 29. He called at every door, __________ people the exciting news. (tell) 30. Yesterday Mary couldn't finish her homework, so she has to go on __________ it this afternoon. (do) 31. We __________ football when it began to rain. We had to stop and go home. (play) 32. Xiao Lin __________ from here for about two hours. (be away) 33.swheres__________? Can you find your birth place on the map? Sorry, I can't. (be born) 34. Last night we __________ back home until the teacher left school. (not go) 35. Comrade Li Dazhao __________ in prison in 1927. (put) 36. Where is professor Lee? He __________ to the library. He'll come back soon. (go) 37. We could not help __________ after we heard the story. (laugh) 38. Would you please __________ me an English-Chinese dictionary when you come? (bring) 39. He told me that he __________ the Great Wall the year before. (visit) 40. I'll tell him the news as soon as he __________ back. (come) 41. The boy __________ by the door is my brother. (stand) 42. Do you remember __________ the film last year? (see) 43. There __________ a physics test next Monday. (be) 44. __________ I finish my homework in class? (必须) 17 No, you needn't. 45. I'm sorry you've missed the last bus. It __________ ten minutes ago. (leave) 46. Wei Fang is heard __________ English every morning. (hear) 47. John stopped __________ a rest (have) because he __________ for three hours. (work) 48. I'm sorry to have kept you __________. (wait) 49. A new theatre __________ now. (build) 50. The boys __________ basketball on the playground are my classmates. (play) 51. I regretted answering like that, I was sorry __________ so. (do) 52. Can't you see I'm busy __________? (cook) 53. He __________ worried when coming into the teacher's office. (look) 54. __________ come beef! (随便吃点) 55. It's a great shame for me __________ in front of so many people. (laugh at) 56.Look!That man, (open)the door of your car. 57.T.he moon, (go)round the earth. 58.I must go now.It, (get)late. 59.Let's go out.It, (not/rain)now. 60.Julia is vera good at languages.She, (speak)four languages very well. 61.Hurry up!Everybody, (wait)for you. 62.", (you/listen)to the radio?”"No,you can turn it off.” 63.", (you/listen)to the radio?”"No,just occasionally. 64.We usually, (grow)vegetables in our garend but this year we, (not/grow)any. 65.Ron is in London at the moment.He , (stay)at the Park Hotel. 18 He , (always/stay)there when he's in London. 66.Can we stop walking soon?I, (feel)tired. 67.Can you drive I, (learn).My father, (teach)me. 68.Usually I (finish)work at 5:00,but this week I (work)until 6:00to earn a bit more money. 69.My parents, (live)in Bristol.They were bron there and have never lived anywhere else. Where, (your parents/live)? 70.Sonia, (look)for a place to live.She (stay)with her sister until she finds somewhere. 71."What, (your father/do)?”"He's an engineer but I, (not/enjoy)this one very much. ?.选择题. 72 According to the time table, the train for London ___ at seven o'clock in the evening. A. was leaving B. has left C. leaves D. will leave 73 You should visit this part of the country when ___ A. spring will com B. spring comes C. It has been spring D. It will be spring 74 You needn't hurry her. She ___ it by the time you are ready. A. will have been finishing B. Would finish C. Will have finished D. Will be finishing 75. We can go home when the ground ___ A. is drying B. has dried C. dried D. will dry 76. Obviously, he ___ a bad cold. He sneezes so often. A. has B. has been C. had D. was 77. Darwin proved that natural selection ___the chief factor in the development of species. 19 A. has been B. had been C. is D. was 78. While Peggy ___, her brother is playing records. A. reads B. is reading C. has read D has been reading 79. It's been a long time since I ___. How are you? A. had last seen you B. saw you last C. have least seen you D. last was seeing you 80. We ___ on it for several hours but we have not yet reached any conclusion. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. have been worked 81. He said that he ___ for Shanghai the next day. A. will leave B. has left C. would leave D. had left 82. This is the first time I ___ this kind of refrigerator. A. saw B. have seen C. am seeing D. see 83. "As soon as I ___ home, I'll have a hot bath." He promised himself. A. got B. will get C. have got D. am getting 84. —_____ my glasses? —Yes, I saw them on your desk a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Have you seen C. Had you seen D. Would you see 85. —Who is Clarke? —_____ him yet? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A. Haven’t you met B. Hadn’t you met C. Didn’t you meet D. Don’t you meet 86. I think this time yesterday he ___ an English class in No. Three Classroom Building A. had B. will have C. was having D. would have 87. By 2000, the university ___ 20,000 postgraduates. A. will be trained B. trains C. will have trained D. would have 88. I will ask her for the book now, for she ____ plenty of time to read since I lent it to her. A. has B. has had C. had had D. was having 20 89. Our football team _____ every match so far this year, but we still have three more games to play. A. wins B. was winning C. had won D. has won 90. —Who sings best in your class? —Mary _____. A. is B. does C. do D. sing 91. She _____ her pen in her room now. A. finds B. is finding C. looks for D. is looking for 92. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _____ at a radio shop at that time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked 93. What _____ you _____ tomorrow morning? A. are/going to do B. are/doing C. are/done D. have/done 94. I _____ as soon as you come back. A. went B. have gone C. am going D. shall go 95. The scientist _____ Canada and he will give us a talk when he _____ back. A. has gone to/comes B. has been to/will come C. has gone to/will come D. has been to/comes 96. He found his book this morning, but now he _____ his pen. A. loses B. is missing C. has lost D. lost 97. She ___?_ to her hometown several times. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. is going 98. It _____ Jane and Mary who helped me the other day. A. is B. was C. are D. were 99. I _____ to bed when the telephone rang. A. have been B. went C. am going D. was going 100. Jane _____ some washing this time yesterday. A. is doing B. had done C. was doing D. did 21 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 1. came 2. not to read 3. keep 4. waiting 5. are 6. has been 7. missed 8. had been on 9. interested 10. seeing 11. going 12. find 13. put on 14. to eat 15. watching 16. broken 17. Pick it up 18. not to come home 19. go 20. tell 21. have taken place 22. have heard from 23. took 24. sleeping 25. Sank 26. had been broken in to / stolen 27. would have met 28. giving /shavingsgiven 29. telling 30. doing 31. were playing 32. has been away 33. were you born 34. didn't go 35. was put 36. has gone 37. laughing 38. bring 39. had visited 40. comes 41. standing 42. seeing 43. is going to be 44. Must 45. left 46. to read 47. to have„had worked 48. waiting 49. is being built 50. Playing 51. to do / to have done 52. cooking 53. looked 54. Help yourself to55. to be laughed at 56.opening 57.goes 58.getting 59.is raining 60.speaks 61.is waiting 62.are you listening 63.are you 64.grows didn't grow 65.is staying;stays 66.am feeling 67.?? 68.finish 69.live 70 is looking will stay 71.is do,don't enjoy 72.C 73.B 74.C 75.D 76A 77C 78B 79B 80C 81C 82B 83C 84B 85A 86D 87C 88B 89C 90B 91D 92B 93A 94D 95A 96C 97A 98B 99D 100C 文 - 汉语汉字 编辑词条 文，wen，从玄从爻。天地万物的信息产生出来的现象、纹路、轨迹，描绘出了阴阳二气在 事物中的运行轨迹和原理。 故文即为符。上古之时，符文一体。 古者伏羲氏之王天下也，始画八卦，造书契，以代结绳(爻)之政，由是文籍生焉。--《尚书 序》 依类象形，故谓之文。其后形声相益，即谓之字。--《说文》序》 22 仓颉造书，形立谓之文，声具谓之字。--《古今通论》 (1) 象形。甲骨文此字象纹理纵横交错形。"文"是汉字的一个部首。本义:花纹;纹理。 (2) 同本义 [figure;veins] 文，英语念为:text、article等，从字面意思上就可以理解为文章、文字，与古今中外的各个文学著作中出现的各种文字字形密不可分。古有甲骨文、金文、小篆等，今有宋体、楷体等，都在这一方面突出了"文"的重要性。古今中外，人们对于"文"都有自己不同的认知，从大的方面来讲，它可以用于表示一个民族的文化历史，从小的方面来说它可用于用于表示单独的一个"文"字，可用于表示一段话，也可用于人物的姓氏。 折叠编辑本段基本字义 1(事物错综所造成的纹理或形象:灿若,锦。 2.刺画花纹:,身。 3(记录语言的符号:,字。,盲。以,害辞。 4(用文字记下来以及与之有关的:,凭。,艺。,体。,典。,苑。,献(指有历史价值和参考价值的图书资料)。,采(a(文辞、文艺方面的才华;b(错杂艳丽的色彩)。 5(人类劳动成果的 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf :,化。,物。 6(自然界的某些现象:天,。水,。 7(旧时指礼节仪式:虚,。繁,缛节(过多的礼节仪式)。 8(文华辞采，与“质”、“情”相对:,质彬彬。 9(温和:,火。,静。,雅。 10(指非军事的:,职。,治武功(指礼乐教化和军事功绩)。 11(指以古汉语为基础的书面语:552,言。,白间杂。 12(专指社会科学:,科。 13(掩饰:,过饰非。 14(量词，指旧时小铜钱:一,不名。 15(姓。 16( 皇帝谥号，经纬天地曰文;道德博闻曰文;慈惠爱民曰文;愍民惠礼曰文;赐民爵位 23 曰文;勤学好问曰文;博闻多见曰文;忠信接礼曰文;能定典礼曰文;经邦定誉曰文;敏而好学曰文;施而中礼曰文;修德来远曰文;刚柔相济曰文;修治班制曰文;德美才秀曰文;万邦为宪、帝德运广曰文;坚强不暴曰文;徽柔懿恭曰文;圣谟丕显曰文;化成天下曰文;纯穆不已曰文;克嗣徽音曰文;敬直慈惠曰文;与贤同升曰文;绍修圣绪曰文;声教四讫曰文。如汉文帝。 折叠编辑本段字源字形 字源演变与字形比较 折叠编辑本段详细字义 〈名〉 1(右图是 “文”字的甲骨文图片，资料来源:徐无闻主编:《甲金篆隶大字典》，四川辞书出版社。1991年7月第一版。 “文”字的甲骨文字绘画的像一个正面的“大人”，寓意“大象有形”、“象形”;特别放大了胸部，并在胸部画了“心”，含义是“外界客体在心里面的整体影像、整体写真、整体素描、整体速写”。 许慎《说文解字》把“文”解释为“错画也”，意思是“对事物形象进行整体素描，笔画交错，相联相络，不可解构”，这与他说的独体为文、合体为字的话的意思是一致的。“说文解字”这个书名就表示了“文”只能“说”，而“字”则可“解”的意思。“文”是客观事物外在形象的速写，是人类进一步了解事物内在性质的基础，所以它是“字”的父母，“字”是“文”的孩子。“文”生“字”举例(以“哲”为例):先对人手摩画，其文为“手”;又对斧子摩画，其文为“斤”。以手、斤为父母，结合、生子，其子就是“折”(手和斤各代表父母的基因)。这个“折”就是许慎所谓的“字”。“字”从宀从子，“宀”表示“独立的房子”，子在其中，有“自立门户”的意思。故“字”还能与“文”或其他“字”结合，生出新“字”来。在本例，作为字的“折”与作为文的“口”结合，就生出了新的字“哲”。 2( 同本义 [figure;veins] 文，错画也。象交文。今字作纹。——东汉?许慎《说文》 五章以奉五色。——春秋?左丘明《左传?昭公二十五年》。注:“青与赤谓之文，赤与白谓之章，白与黑谓之黼，黑与青谓之黻。” 美于黼黼文章。——《荀子?非相》 24 茵席雕文。——《韩非子?十过》 织文鸟章，白旆央央。——《诗?小雅?六月》 斑文小鱼。——明? 刘基《诚意伯刘文成公文集》 3(又如:文驾(彩车);文斑(杂色的斑纹);文旆(有文彩的旗帜);文绣(绣有彩色花纹的丝织品;刺花图案);文织(有彩色花纹的丝织品);文鳞(鱼鳞形花纹)。 4(字，文字(“文”，在先秦时期就有文字的意思，“字”，到了秦朝才有此意。分别讲，“文”指独体字;“字”指合体字。笼统地说，都泛指文字。) [character] 饰以篆文。——南朝宋?范晔《后汉书?张衡传》 分文析字。——东汉?班固《汉书?刘歆传》 夫文，止戈为武。——《左传?宣公十二年》 距洞数百步，有碑仆道，其文漫灭。——王安石《游褒禅山记》 文曰“天启壬戌秋日”。——明? 魏学洢《核舟记》 文曰“初平山尺”。 5(又如:甲骨文;金文;汉文;英文;文迹(文字所记载的 事迹 优秀志愿者事迹材料平安创建事迹材料优秀班集体事迹材料工会先进集体事迹材料优秀教师事迹300字 );文书爻(有关文字、文凭之类的卦象);文异(文字相异);文轨(文字和车轨);文狱(文字狱);文钱(钱。因钱有文字，故称);文状(字据，军令状);文引(通行证;路凭);文定(定婚)。 6(文章(遣造的词句叫做“文”，结构段落叫做 “章”。) [literary composition] 故说诗者不以文害辞。——《孟子?万章上》 好古文。——唐? 韩愈《师说》 属予作文以记之。——宋? 范仲淹《岳阳楼记》 能述以文。——宋? 欧阳修《醉翁亭记》 摘其诗文。——清? 纪昀《阅微草堂笔记》 7(又如:文价(文章的声誉);文魔(书呆子);文会(旧时读书人为了准备应试，在一起写文章、互相观摩的集会);文移(旧时官府文书的代称);文雄(擅长写文章的大作家);文意(文章的旨趣);文义(文章的义理);文情(文章的词句和情思);本文(所指的这篇文章);作文(写文章;学习练习所写的文章);文魁(文章魁首);文价(文章的声价);文 25 什(文章与诗篇)。 8(美德;文德 [virtue] 圣云继之神，神乃用文治。——杜牧《感怀诗一首》 9(又如:文丈(对才高德韶的老者的敬称);文母(文德之母);文武(文德与武功);文命(文德教命);文惠(文德恩惠);文德(写文章的道德);文薄(谓文德浅薄);文昭(文德昭著)。 10.文才;才华。亦谓有文才，有才华 [literary talent] 而文采不表于后世也。——汉? 司马迁《报任安书》 11(又如:文业(才学);文英(文才出众的人);文采风流(横溢的才华与潇洒的风度);文郎(有才华的青少年);文彦(有文才德行的人);文通残锦(比喻剩下不多的才华)。 12(文献，经典;韵文 [document;classics;verse] 儒以文乱法。——《韩非子?五蠹》 言必遵修旧文而不穿凿。——《说文解字?叙》 13(辞词句。亦指文字记载 [writings;record]。如:文几(旧时书信中开头常用的套语。意为将书信呈献于几前);文倒(文句颠倒);文过其实(文辞浮夸，不切实际);文义(文辞);文辞(言词动听的辞令);文绣(辞藻华丽)。 14(自然界的某些现象 [natural phenomenon] 经纬天地曰文。——《左传?昭公二十八年》 15(又如:天文;地文;水文;文象(日月星辰变化的迹象);文曜(指日月星辰;文星);文昌(星座名)。 16(文治;文事;文职。与“武”相对。 [achievements in culture and education;civilian post] 文能取胜。——《史记?平原君虞卿列传》 文不能取胜。 文武并用。——唐? 魏征《谏太宗十思疏》 精神折冲于千里，文武为宪于万邦。――明《袁可立晋秩兵部右侍郎诰》 17(又如:文臣，文吏(文职官吏);文席(教书先生的几席);文品(文官的品阶);文帅 26 (文职官员出任或兼领统帅);文烈(文治显赫);文员(文职吏员);文阶(文职官阶);文道(文治之道);文业(文事);文僚(文职官吏)。 18(法令条文 [articles of decree] 而刀笔吏专深文巧诋，陷人于罪。——《史记?汲黯列传》 19(又如:文劾(根据律令弹劾);文法吏(通晓法令、执法严峻的官吏);文丈(规矩;制度);文移(官府文书);文牓(布告;文告);文宪(礼法;法制)。 20(文言。古代散文文体之一;别于白话的古汉语书面语 [literary language]。如:半文半白;文语;文白(文言文和白话文)。 21(文教;礼节仪式 [rites] 则修文德。——《论语?季氏》 22(又如:文丈(崇尚礼文仪节);文俗(拘守礼法而安于习俗);文致(指礼乐);文貌(礼文仪节);文绪(文教礼乐之事);文仪(礼节仪式) 23(指表现形式;外表 [form;appearance]。如:文服(表面服从);文榜(告示、布告之类);文诰(诰令) 24(指鼓乐，泛指曲调 [music;tune]。如:文曲(指乐曲);文始(舞乐名) 25(谥号，谥法:勤学好问叫文 [study deligently] 何以谓之文。——《论语》 是以谓之文。 26(姓 〈动〉 1(在肌肤上刺画花纹或图案 [tatto (the skin)] 被发文身。——《礼记?王制》。注:“谓其肌，以丹青涅之。” 文绣有恒。——《礼记?月令》 2(又如:文笔匠(在人身上刺花的艺人);文身断发(古代荆楚、南越一带的习俗。身刺花纹，截短头发，以为可避水中蛟龙的伤害。后常以指落后地区的民俗);文木(刻镂以文采之木) 3(修饰;文饰 [cover up] 27 身将隐，焉用文之?——《左传?僖公二十三年》 饰邪说，文奸言，以枭乱天下。——《荀子?非十二子》 4(又如:文过饰非;文致(粉饰;掩饰);文冢(埋葬文稿之处) 5(装饰 [decorate] 舍其文轩。——《墨子?公输》 此犹文奸。 文车二驷。——明? 归有光《项脊轩志》 文马四百匹。——《史记?宋世家》 若将比予文木邪。——《庄子?人间世》 6(又如:文巧(文饰巧辩);文竿(以翠羽为饰之竿);文舫(装饰华丽的游艇);文饰(彩饰);文榭(饰以彩画的台榭);文舟，文艘(装饰华丽的船);文剑(装饰华丽的剑);文舆(饰以彩绘的车) 7(撰写文章 [write]。如:文匠(写文章的大家);文祸(因写文章而招来的灾祸);文雄，文杰(指文豪) 〈形〉 1(有文采，华丽。与“质”或“野”相对 [magnificent;gorgeous] 其旨远，其辞文。——《易?系辞下》 晋公子广而俭，文而有礼。——《左传?僖公二十三年》 2(又如:文巧(华丽奇巧);文朴(文华与质朴);文服(华美的衣服);文砌(华美的石阶);文背(不文雅，粗俗);文轩(华美的车子);文质(文华与质朴) 3.柔和，不猛烈 [mild;gentle]。如:文烈(指火候温猛) 4(美，善 [fine;good]。如:文徽(华美);文鸳(即鸳鸯。以其羽毛华美，故称);文衣(华美的服装) 5(通“紊”。紊乱的 [disordered] 惇宗将礼，称秩元祀，咸秩无文。——《书?洛诰》 28 天子祭天下名山大川，怀柔百神，咸秩无文。——《汉书?郊祀志上》 王者报功，以次秩之，无有文也。——庆劭《风俗通义?山泽》 〈量〉 1(用于旧时的铜钱。如:一文钱 2(用于计算纺织物 五扶为一首，五首成一文。——《后汉书》 29